UMary Allen
Iimpazamo ekufuyeni nasekutyisani zikhokelela kwizifo ezinokuthintelwa kumacikilishe ase-Australia. Kwelinye icala, imfundo kunye nokhathalelo lwezonyango luyanceda.
Kunye nofudo lwaseYurophu, iidragons ezineendevu ziphakathi kwezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo ezigcinwa njengezilwanyana zasekhaya kwaye ke zihlala ziboniswa njengezigulana. Eli nqaku lijonge ukukuqhelanisa neentlobo zezilwanyana kunye noxilongo kunye nonyango lwala macilikishe aseOstreliya.
Biology
Kwiintlobo ezisibhozo zenamba eneendevu ezichazwe ngoku, yinamba eneendevu kuphela (i-Pogona vitticeps) kwaye - kunqabile kakhulu - inamba eneendevu ezincinci ezibandakanyekayo kwezorhwebo eYurophu. Zombini ezi ntlobo zifumaneka kumbindi weOstreliya, ummandla ophawulwa ngokushushu, ihlobo elomileyo namaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe 30 kunye ne 40 °C kunye nexesha elipholileyo kunye nemvula yasebusika kunye namaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-20 °C.
Izilwanyana zine-facultatively omnivorous kwaye zinokubonwa njengenzala yeenkcubeko. Indawo yokuhlala yendalo ibonakala ngohlaza olunamagqabi aqinileyo kunye nemithi, nto leyo eyenzelwe umgudu wokwetyisa wezilwanyana. Amazinyo afana ne-endodontic saw blade asetyenziselwa ukuluma kwaye amathumbu amakhulu axeliweyo asebenza njengegumbi lokubilisa lokuvubela kokutya okutyebileyo kweselulosi. Uphononongo olwenziwe ngu-Oonincx et al. (2015), apho iziqulatho zesisu zezilwanyana zasendle zasuswa kusetyenziswa ukuhlamba isisu kwaye emva koko zihlalutywe. Oku kwenzeke ngexesha lokukhwelana kweentubi, ngoko ke iintubi ezininzi ezinamaphiko zibhaqwe kwiziqulatho zesisu. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo wemifuno kumxholo wesisu wawungaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-40. Ukuba ubani uqwalasela inqanaba lokubhabha elifutshane leentubi kwaye ukuba umntu ujonga ngokunzulu ukusebenza kwesampulu yokuhlamba isisu, kunokucingelwa ukuba umlinganiselo wezityalo ekutyeni uphezulu kakhulu. Oku kuhambelana nobungqina bezinye izifo ezinxulumene nokutya kwiidragons ezineendevu ezityiswa kwicala elinye.
ukuziphatha
Iidragons ezineendevu eziyindoda zihlala zodwa kwaye zinommandla. Inkunzi ekhonyayo iyathanda ukuthatha indawo yokugcakamela ilanga, nto leyo eyoyikisa kwezinye izilwanyana. Ukuba umda wommandla uphulwe, umnini-ndawo ekuqaleni usongela ngokunqwala ngentloko elumkileyo. Emva koko indawo yomqala (iindevu) iyakhukhumala, ijika ibe mnyama kwaye ukunqwala kuqiniswe. Kuphela kuxa oku kungahoywa apho kuya kubakho umlo.
Isimo sengqondo
Abavelisi kunye nabathengisi bacebisa ukuba kugcinwe inkunzi enye kunye neemazi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kwaye zityiswe ngezinambuzane ezininzi. Ngokwembono kagqirha wezilwanyana, zombini kufuneka zijongwe ngokunzulu kakhulu. Ngokufanelekileyo, izilwanyana kufuneka zigcinwe zodwa kwaye zivunyelwe kunye kuphela ngexesha lokukhwela. Ukukhwelana kunye nokuziphatha kweqanda ngokuqinisekileyo kunokubonwa njengokutyebisa kokuziphatha kwaye, ngokuchasene nemvelaphi ye-ovulation eyenziwe, kwakhona njengomlinganiselo weprophylactic wento ebizwa ngokuba yi-pre-ovulatory laying ubunzima. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqanduselwa kwamaqanda kufuneka kubuzwe ngokunzulu, kuba imarike izele zizilwanyana ezingamadoda ngakumbi.
Ngelixa iidragoni ezineendevu ezincinci kulula ukuzigcina ku-120 × 60 × 60 cm, iidragons ezinemigca ezineentshebe zifuna iindawo eziziitharari ubuncinane eziphindwe kabini.
Ukuba izilwanyana ezininzi - phantsi kweemeko zamadoda amaninzi - zigcinwa kunye, i-terrarium kufuneka ibe nesicwangciso somgangatho wesikwere kunye nommandla ubuncinane we-2 × 2 m. Ngesakhiwo esityebileyo kunye nokunikezelwa kweendawo ezininzi zelanga, izilwanyana ziyakwazi ukuphepha enye kwenye. Ngokukodwa kwi-terrariums emxinwa, indoda ephetheyo ihlala kwindawo ephakathi, ephakamileyo kwaye igxininisa ngokufihlakeleyo ezinye izilwanyana. Ihlala ikwenza oku ngokulala phezu kwezinye izilwanyana, nto leyo edla ngokutolikwa “njengokugonwa” ngabanini abangenamava kodwa ingeyonxalenye yendlela yokuziphatha yeentlobo ezingezizo ezoluntu.
Xa igcinwe ngabanye, i-terrarium akufanele ibe ngaphantsi kwe-0.5 m2 kwindawo. Indawo enokusetyenziswa inokunyuswa kusetyenziswa amathuba okunyuka kunye namathafa ahlukeneyo. Ubushushu obuhlukeneyo, ukukhanya, kunye neendawo zokufuma kufuneka zenziwe kwi-terrarium. Njengomthetho, oku kufezekiswa nge-acentric, isibane selanga esinamandla kunye nendawo yokufihla kwelinye icala le-terrarium. Oku kudala indawo eqaqambileyo, efudumeleyo (malunga nama-40 °C) kunye nendawo eyomileyo elangeni. Kwindawo yokufihla, iqondo lokushisa kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwe-30 ° C, okwandisa ukufuma apho. Ziphephe iindawo ezimanzi okanye ezinemigxobhozo.
Kuba iidragons ezineendevu zigquma iimfuno zazo zevithamin D3 ngokudityaniswa kwazo, unikezelo oluhambelanayo lwemitha ye-UV-B luyimfuneko. Ii-evaporators zemercury ezidityanisiweyo zibonakalise ukubaluleka kwazo apha.
Xa ufaka ezi zibane, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba akukho glasi yeglasi phakathi komthombo wokukhanya kunye nesilwanyana sokucoca imitha ye-UV, nangona umgama omncinci kufuneka ugcinwe ngokungqongqo. Izibane zihlala zixhonywa ezantsi ukufikelela kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwindawo yokubhaka, nto leyo enokukhokelela kumathumba esikhumba.
I-substrate kufuneka ilungele ukugrunjwa kodwa iphinde ifakwe ngomlomo zizilwanyana. Endaweni yesanti okanye imixube yesanti yodongwe, izinto ezityekayo ngokulula ezifana nomhlaba okanye imicu yekhokhonathi zifanelekile ukuthintela ukuqhina.
Ukutya
Nditsho needragoni ezineendevu, njengezilwanyana zasentlango, azifane zibonwe zisela kwaye ukuba imfuneko yamanzi eyongezelelweyo iphantsi ngokutya okuluhlaza okufanelekileyo, amanzi amatsha kufuneka afumaneke ngokusisigxina kwizilwanyana. Xa kuziwa kwisondlo, i-fiber-rich-rich fodder eluhlaza (imifuno ye-meadow, lettuce, akukho siqhamo!) yeyona nto iphambili. Ukutya okuhlanjwe ngaphambili akufuneki kunqunyulwe kube ngamaqhekeza amancinci kodwa kunikezelwe ngokupheleleyo ukuze kugcinwe izilwanyana. Ukuluma kunciphisa ukwakheka kwetartar kwaye kwenziwa lula ukuba ukutya kukhuselekile ngokuyibophelela kwisebe. Ngelixa izilwanyana ezincinci zisenokumelana nomlinganiselo ophezulu wokutyisa izinambuzane kwaye zikwafuneka ngexesha lokukhula, izilwanyana kufuneka zityiswe kuphela imifuno ukusuka kunyaka omnye ubudala. Ngokutya okunokulinganisela kunye nezibane ezilungileyo ze-UV, akukho mfuneko yokutshintshwa okongeziweyo kweevithamini kunye neeminerali. Amaqokobhe e-Cuttlebone anganikezelwa kwi-terrarium ukubonelela nge-calcium kubafazi abalalayo. Ukuba amalungiselelo e-vitamin asetyenziswa, ukugqithiswa kwe-vitamin D3 kufuneka kugwenywe ukuthintela ukubalwa kwamalungu.
Ukufihlwa
Uninzi lweedragons ezinentshebe zifumana isingqi sazo sokulala kwaye azichatshazelwa bubushushu kunye neenkqubo zokukhanya zabanini. Izilwanyana zivame ukunikezelwa esele zihoxise ngo-Agasti okanye zisafuna ukulala ngoMatshi nangona amaqondo okushisa aphezulu.
Ekubeni akukho mmahluko phakathi kwezilwanyana ezigulayo ezivela ngaphandle, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlolisise i-chemistry yegazi. Ngexesha lokulala, izilwanyana kufuneka zigcinwe kwindawo ezolileyo kwi-16 ukuya kwi-18 ° C ngaphandle kokukhanyisa okwenziweyo. Amanzi okusela kunye nesityalo sokutya (umzekelo, iGolliwog) kufuneka sifumaneke xa kunokwenzeka ukuba izilwanyana ziphazamise isigaba sokuphumla.
Ukuphatha iidragons ezineendevu
Iidragons ezineendevu zinoxolo. Nangona kunjalo, iinzipho zabo ezibukhali zinokubangela imikrwelo ukuba isilwanyana sizama ukubaleka phezu kwesandla. Iidragons ezineendevu azibaxhathisi abantu. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ulumke ungafaki iminwe yakho phakathi kwemihlathi yakho, ngakumbi ngamagalelo omlomo. Ezi zilwanyana zinemihlathi evalekileyo yomeleleyo namazinyo atsolo afaneleke ngokugqibeleleyo, asetyenziselwa ukuqhawula uhlaza oluqinileyo lwasentlango.
Uvavanyo lwezonyango
Kuvavanyo lweklinikhi, inamba eneendevu iphumla kwisandla esisicaba sasekhohlo sabantu abasekunene. Ngesandla sasekunene, umsila uqale ubekwe ngasemva kwi-engile ye-90 ° ukuze ukwazi ukuhlola isiseko somsila. Kule ndawo, ii-hemipenes ezimbini zamadoda zibalasele, nakwiintsana ezisanda kuqanduselwa. Ummandla we-cloacal uvavanyelwa ukosuleleka. Emva koko isandla sasekunene sibetha i-coelomic cavity (ungathandabuzi kakhulu) ukusuka kwi-cranial ukuya kwi-caudal. Ngamava amancinci, ukunyuka kwe-circumference, i-gas build-up, kunye ne-cong, umbuzo unokuguqulwa ngokulula. Emva koko kuhlolwe umngxuma womlomo.
Izifo eziqhelekileyo
Izifo zeedragons ezineendevu zihlukeneyo kwaye zigubungela yonke i-spectrum yeyeza zonyango lwezilwanyana. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi zenzeka rhoqo.
itartar
Ukungondleki ngokwaneleyo kukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwetartar. Oku kunokukhokelela kusulelo olubalulekileyo lomhlathi. Ngako oko, izilwanyana kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ziphathwe phantsi kwe-anesthesia kwinqanaba lokuqala.
i-gastritis / inyumoniya
Ukuqokelelana kwe-mucus kumqolo womlomo kukhokelela kwiimpawu ezinkulu zokuphefumla kwaye kudla ngokutolikwa njengenyumoniya. Nangona kunjalo, i-mucus ingaba ngumphumo we-gastritis ebangelwa uxinzelelo, engaqhelekanga kwaye ayikwazi ukuphathwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iintsholongwane ekunzima ukuzibona i-hematogenous zinokungena emiphungeni kwaye zibangele inyumoniya ephezulu ekunzima ukuyiphatha. Ngokunqwenelekayo, ukulinywa kweentsholongwane nge-antibiogram kuya kufuneka ke ngoko kuqhutywe ngezinto eziphuma emiphungeni (i-transthoracic pulmoscopy yokuqokelela isampulu), enexabiso elikhulu ekusebenzeni. I-tracheal swabs ubuncinane inyathelo kwicala elifanelekileyo.
i-parasitosis
Ukuhlolwa kwe-fecal rhoqo kuphakathi kwemilinganiselo ye-prophylactic enengqondo. IiOxyurids zixhaphake kakhulu kwizirhubuluzi ngokubanzi. Kuba zinomjikelo wophuhliso oluthe ngqo kwaye ziyingozi kakhulu empilweni ukuba zihlaselwe, kufuneka zisoloko zinyangwe. Ngelishwa, akukho lunxulumano phakathi kokuxinana kohlaselo kunye nokukhutshwa kweqanda. Ukuphelisa kwi-terrarium kunzima ukuba akunakwenzeka.
Unyango lwe-coccidia lunzima ngokufanayo. Ezi zinokuba yingozi kwizilwanyana ezindala, njengoko zingonakalisa udonga lwamathumbu kwaye zibangele izifo ze-hematogenous kwamanye amalungu (isibindi, imiphunga, intliziyo, njl.). Iiflegilates zohlobo lwe-trichomonad zikwafumaneka rhoqo kakhulu Kufuneka zinyangelwe ukugaywa kakuhle. I-bile duct coccidia ayifane ibonwe. Zombini unyango kunye nokulawula impumelelo kunzima.
ukuqothulwa
Akuqhelekanga ukuba izilwanyana zizame ukuhlawulela ukungabikho kwamaminerali ngokuthatha isanti kunye nezinye i-substrates. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinto kunye nobungakanani, ukuqhina okunzulu sisiphumo. Indlela yonyango kunye ne-infusions (isisombululo se-Ringer, i-10-20 ml / kg), i-fiber-rich rich feeding, vibration, ns, kunye ne-enemas ayisoloko isebenza. Ngamanye amaxesha ukulungiswa kotyando akunakuthintelwa. Ukusetyenziswa kweoyile yeparafini kufanele ukuba kuphelelwe lixesha.
ubeka unxunguphalo
Xa iidragons ezineendevu zigcinwa kumaqela esini esixubeneyo, uxinzelelo lwezesondo kwiimazi ludla ngokuba phezulu kakhulu. Iimpawu zokunqongophala zivela emva kwe-clutch yesithathu ngokulandelelana kwaye i-calcium reserves ayisekho ngokwaneleyo ukuqala inkqubo yokubeka. Ifom ekhethekileyo yingxaki yokubeka i-preovulatory. Kulapho kwenzeka khona i-ovarian follicular stasis. Nangona ingxaki yokubeka i-classic isenokulungiswa kunye ne-calcium supplements (10-100 mg / kg) kunye ne-oxytocin (4 IU / kg), ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza kokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka kwi-follicular stasis. Ekubeni zonke iimeko zandulelwa yinqanaba elide le-vitellogenesis (i-yolk formation), kukho iidiphozithi ezininzi zamafutha esibindi. Ezi zinokuphazamisa kakhulu imetabolism ye-anesthetics.
i-bile stasis
Iidipozithi ze-calcium-protein ezinxulumene nokutya kwi-gallbladder zixhaphakile kwiidragons ezineendevu. Ezi ekuqaleni ziyirabha kwaye emva koko ziqina ngokubala. Ukuxilongwa kwe-tentative kunokwenziwa ngokucofa i-gallbladder evaliweyo kwaye kuqinisekiswe yi-ultrasound. I-gallbladder kufuneka ivulwe ngotyando ngokukhawuleza ukuze ikhuphe.
isifo sikashukela
Ukuzondla ngokutya okuneprotheyini eninzi (izinambuzane zokutya), ezithandwa ngabagcini kunye nabathengisi, ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva kukhokelela kumonakalo ongapheliyo kwizintso. Zonke iintlobo zegawuthi ezaziwayo ziyenzeka. Amanqanaba e-uric acid ke ngoko kufuneka ajongwe rhoqo, ngakumbi kwizilwanyana ezindala. Iingcebiso zokuqala zezondlo zinexabiso eliphezulu leprophylactic.
Ukulimala kokulunywa
Kuba iidragons ezineendevu zisenokungahambelani, ukwenzakala ngokulunywa rhoqo, ngakumbi xa ukhulisa izilwanyana ezincinci kunye. Iinzwane kunye nencam yomsila zichaphazeleka ngokukodwa. Ngelixa iinzwane zidla ngokunqunyulwa kukuluma, i-necrosis eyomileyo enyukayo yomsila iqhelekile kumsila. Le necrosis iphakama kwinqanaba lomonakalo kunikezelo lwegazi kumsila, ngokuqhelekileyo ungabonakali. Logama nje i-necrosis yomile, ukunqunyulwa kufuneka kugwenywe, kuba i-necrosis iya kuqhubeka nokunyuka nasemva kokunqunyulwa koqhaqho kwithishu ekucingelwa ukuba ibalulekile.
Kwizilwanyana ezikhulileyo, ukwenzakala kokulunywa kwenzeka rhoqo ngokufana nokuluma entanyeni. Oku kudla ngokuphilisa ngaphandle kweengxaki, ngaphandle kokuba kukho ukulunywa ngakumbi kwindawo eyenzakeleyo. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukugcina amadoda kunye nabafazi bekunye ngamaxesha athile.
Izitofu, ukutsalwa kwegazi
Ukubaluleka kwenkqubo ye- kidney-portal vein kwizilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo akukaphononongwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, isaci kukwenza usetyenziso lwe-subcutaneous kunye ne-intramuscular kuphela kwisithathu esingaphambili somzimba. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intramuscular kuqhutyelwa kwimisipha ye-dorsal yeengalo eziphezulu ezihambelana ne-humerus. Indawo yesikhumba esithambileyo kwindawo ye-armpit ifanelekile kwi-subcutaneous application. Igazi lithathwa kwaye lilawulwe nge-intravenously ukusuka kwi-ventral tail vein. Kwizilwanyana zamadoda, igazi akufanele lithathwe ngokusondeleyo kwi-cloaca ukuphepha ukonakalisa izitho zokukopa kunye nezixhobo zabo zokubamba.
Unyango ngokubanzi
Imigaqo ye-anesthesia yokulinganisela isebenza nakwizirhubuluzi. Ngokufanelekileyo, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthomalalisa iidragoni ezineendevu ngokuxhomekeke kwisalathiso, isigulo sangaphambili, kunye nemeko. Ubushushu be-ambient bukwadlala indima eqinisekileyo: kuphela kwiqondo lobushushu elikhethiweyo, okubizwa ngokuba yi-POTZ (indawo yobushushu ekhethwayo iphezulu), ethi kwiidragoni ezineendevu iphakathi kwe-30 °C kunye nobuninzi be-40 °C. Ubuxoki, i-metabolism isebenza ngokupheleleyo kwaye iidosi ezibonisiweyo zibonisa umphumo wazo. Enye irejimeni enokwenzeka iqala ngesitofu esixutyiweyo se-ketamine (10 mg/kg) kunye ne-medetomidine (100 µg/kg) SC. Emva kwemizuzu engama-20, isilwanyana kufuneka sikwazi ukufakwa kwaye i-anesthesia ingagcinwa nge-isoflurane (i-oksijini njengegesi ethwala).
isiphelo
Iidragoni ezineendevu zintsokothile kwiimfuno zazo zonyango njengaso nasiphi na esinye isilwanyana. Ngokufanelekileyo, eli nqaku linokubonelela kuphela ngolwandlalo olurhabaxa lokhathalelo lwezilwanyana.
Umbuzo obuzwa rhoqo
Ngaba iidragons ezineendevu zifanelekile kubaqalayo?
Ziziphi iidragons ezineendevu ezifanelekileyo kubaqalayo? Abasaqalayo kufuneka bakhethe inamba eneendevu ezincinci (Pogona henry lawson) kunye nenamba eneendevu (Pogona vitticeps).
Zingaphi iidragons ezineendevu ekufuneka uzigcine?
Ungazigcina njani iidragons ezineendevu? Iidragons ezineendevu zizizodwa. Ukuzigcina bodwa kwi-terrarium ngoko ke iintlobo ezifanelekileyo. Ukuba ufuna iqela leedragons ezineendevu, kufuneka ugcine indoda enye kuphela kwi-terrarium.
Zeziphi izilwanyana onokuthi uzigcine ngeedragoni ezineendevu?
Ngokomgaqo, iidragons ezineendevu zinokunxulumana namanye amacilikishe. Nangona kunjalo, sicebisa ngokuchasene noku. I-terrarium kuya kufuneka ibe nkulu kakhulu kwaye ingozi yokuba izilwanyana ziza kubandezeleka iphezulu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, umntu kufuneka azikhwebule kwiimvavanyo ezinjalo.
Ifuna ukufudumala kangakanani inamba eneendevu?
Ukuba kukho iingxaki nge-molting, iimeko zezindlu, ngakumbi umswakama kunye ne-vitamin / mineral content, kufuneka zihlolwe. Iimfuno zokuyilwa kwemozulu: Ubushushu bomhlaba kufuneka bube phakathi kwe 26 kunye ne 28°C kunye nokufudumala kwendawo ukuya kuma 45°C. Ebusuku iqondo lobushushu liyehla liye kutsho kuma-20 ukuya kuma-23°C.
Ingaba inamba eneendevu ifuna ukulala ixesha elingakanani?
Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi baye bafumanisa ezinye iiyantlukwano: umjikelo wokulala wamacilikishe, umzekelo, uqhelekile kwaye uyakhawuleza: kwiqondo lobushushu le-27 degrees Celsius, umjikelo wokulala uhlala malunga nemizuzwana engama-80. Ngokwahlukileyo, ihlala malunga nemizuzu engama-30 kwiikati kwaye malunga nemizuzu engama-60 ukuya kwengama-90 ebantwini.
Zeziphi iziqhamo ezinokutyiwa ziidragons ezineendevu?
Iziqhamo ezicetyiswayo zedragoni ezineendevu ngama-apile, iimango, kunye namaqunube. Iikhukhamba, iitumato, iipepile, kunye namaqunube. Kufuneka uhlale kude neziqhamo ze-citrus kunye nezinye iziqhamo ezinomxholo ophezulu we-asidi.
Ungakwazi ukuthatha iidragons ezineendevu esandleni sakho?
Izilwanyana zinyamezela ukuchukunyiswa kuphela kuba zihlala zizolile kakhulu. Ngokomgaqo, nangona kunjalo, iidragons ezineendevu zihlala kwindawo yazo yokuhlala, eyi-terrarium kule meko. Kufuneka zikhutshwe kuphela kutyelelo lwezilwanyana okanye zifakwe kwindawo ebiyelweyo yangaphandle.
Ingaba inamba eneendevu ingaluma?
Iidragons ezineendevu zinokuluma kuba zinamazinyo. Amathuba okuba inamba eneendevu ikulume mancinci kakhulu kuba zizirhubuluzi ezolileyo kwaye ziqhele ukujongana nabantu kwasekuzalweni.
Ixabisa malini inamba eneendevu ukuyigcina?
Kwaneendleko zesitya samanzi, i-substrate, okanye i-thermometer inokongeza ngokukhawuleza kwixabiso elicocekileyo. Ukuqala, kuya kufuneka ucwangcise malunga nee-euro ezingama-400.