UMary Allen
Ezi zinja zisebenza nzima zazifuyelwe iinkomo. Kwangaxeshanye, de kwaba ngoo-1980s, babengaziwa kangako ngaphandle kwelizwe labo lase-Australia – ngaphandle kokuba babethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle njengezinja ezisebenzayo. Ngokucinezela izilwanyana kwikhamandela, izinja zigcina umhlambi kunye. Olu didi lwenja luqaqambe kakhulu, lulangazelela ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye ludlamkile, luseta umgangatho wokuthobela kunye noqeqesho lobuchule kwaye luya luthandwa kakhulu njengesilwanyana sasekhaya.
Inja yenkomo yase-Australia - umfanekiso wohlobo
Imozulu eshushu yaseOstreliya ifuna inja eyomeleleyo neqinileyo. Izinja zokuqala ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, mhlawumbi zazifana nezinyanya ze-Old English Sheepdog ngenkangeleko kwaye zaziswa ngabahlali, zonganyelwe yimozulu enzima kunye nemigama emide ekufuneka beyihambile.
Ukuze kufuywe inja efanele iimeko ezichazwe apho, abafuyi baye bazama ngeentlobo eziliqela. I-Australian Cattle Dog yehla kwilifa elixubeneyo elibandakanya i-Smithfield Heeler (ngoku engasekhoyo), i-Dalmatian, i-Kelpie, i-Bull Terrier, kunye ne-Dingo (inja yasendle yase-Australia).
Le yantlukwano ephezulu yeentlobo zenza inja ekwaziyo ebonakala iphilela umsebenzi. Umgangatho wokuzala warekhodwa kwangoko ngo-1893. Inja yabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1903, kodwa kwathatha eminye iminyaka engama-80 ukuba yaziwe ngaphandle.
Abalandeli bolu didi bayamncoma ubukrelekrele bakhe kunye nokuzimisela kwakhe ukufunda. Ezi mpawu zilungileyo zenza i-Australian Cattle Dog ibe yinja ekhethekileyo yokusebenza, kodwa ibe yinja yosapho enzima.
NjengoBorder Collie, iNja yenkomo yase-Australia idinga umthambo omningi kunye nokuvuselela ingqondo: iyakuthanda ukusebenza. Okwenziwa ngulo “msebenzi” kuxhomekeke kumniniyo. Nokuba ibandakanya inja kwi-agility okanye imithambo yokuthobela okanye ukuyifundisa nje uthotho lwemidlalo entsonkothileyo, iNja yeenkomo yase-Australia iya kufunda ngokulula nangomdla.
Inja Yenkomo njengenja yendlu iqhele ukuba yinja yomntu omnye kodwa ikwazinikele kakhulu kusapho lwayo. Uyabakrokrela abantu abangabaziyo kwaye kufuneka aqeqeshelwe ukwamkela abantu abatsha kunye nezinye izinja kwasebuntwaneni.
I-Blue Heelers okanye i-Queensland Heelers: Imbonakalo
Inja yenkomo yase-Australia yinja eyomeleleyo, edibeneyo kunye ne-muscular enentloko ehambelana kakuhle, i-stop ecacileyo, kunye nokudlala kweempumlo ezimnyama.
Amehlo akhe antsundu antsundu, amile okweqanda kwaye anobukhulu obuphakathi kwaye engaphumanga okanye engatshongo nzulu, abonisa ukungabathembi abantu abangabaziyo. Iindlebe zime nkqo kwaye zitsoliswe ngokuphakathi. Zibekwe zahlulahlulwe banzi phezu kukakayi kwaye tikekele ngaphandle. Ingubo yayo igudileyo, yenza idyasi ephindwe kabini kunye ne-undercoat emfutshane, exineneyo. Idyasi ephezulu ixinene, kunye neenwele nganye zithe tye, zilukhuni, kwaye zilele phantsi; ngoko ke idyasi yeenwele ayinakungena emanzini.
Imibala yoboya iyahluka phakathi kwebhlowu - kunye neempawu ezimnyama okanye ezimdaka - kunye nobomvu kunye neempawu ezimnyama entloko. Umsila wayo, ofikelela malunga neehoki, uneseti ephakathi. Kwisilwanyana esiphumlileyo, siyajinga, ngelixa sihamba siphakanyiswa kancinci.
Uhlobo lweNja yeenkomo zase-Australia: Inkathalo
Idyasi ye-Heeler ayifuni ukugcinwa okuninzi. Kumnandi kwinja ukuba uyayibrasha kanye ngexeshana ukususa iinwele ezindala.
Ulwazi lwenja yenkomo: isimilo
Inja yenkomo yase-Australia ikrelekrele kakhulu kwaye izimisele ukusebenza, icaphukile, ayifane ikhonkothe, inyaniseke kakhulu, inesibindi, iyathobela, ilumkile, inethemba kwaye iyasebenza. Iimpawu zayo zinokulandelwa kwimvelaphi yayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kokuqala. Xa iqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo, iHeeler ayifuni ukuzingela okanye ukukhonkotha, isoloko ithe qwa kodwa ayikhe ibe novalo okanye ibe ndlongondlongo.
Ilumkile kwaye ikhaliphile, iNja yeNkomo yase-Australia ibisoloko ingenaloyiko. Ngenxa yethuku alizuz’ ilifa elikhuselayo, ukhusela umzi wakhe, ifama, nentsapho yakhe, nomhlambi weenkomo aziphathisiweyo. Ubonisa ukungabathembi ngokwendalo abantu abangabaziyo kodwa useyinja enobubele nethambileyo.
Ulwazi lwenja ye-blue heeler: ukukhuliswa
Inja yaseOstreliya yenkomo yinja ekrelekrele nekrelekrele ezimisele kakhulu ukufunda kwaye iyakuthanda ukusebenza. Ukukhuliswa kwakhe ke ngoko kufanele kube lula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awuyihoyi ngokwaneleyo le nja, iya kuba inganeliseki.
I-Agility ngumdlalo olungele olu hlobo. Kodwa inokuba yibhola yempukane, i-agility, ukuthobela, ukulandelela, i-Schutzhund ezemidlalo (i-VPG (uvavanyo olujikelezayo lwezinja ezisebenzayo), umdlalo we-SchH, umdlalo we-VPG, umdlalo we-IPO), okanye eminye imidlalo onokuthi uyigcine iNja yeNkomo yase-Australia. ndixakekile nge. Ngokujongana ngokunyanisekileyo nale nja umntu ufezekisa ukuba uhlala elinganisela kakhulu.
Inja yenkomo yase-Australia ekruqukileyo inokudinwa ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko uye wazimisela ukuzifunela umsebenzi, nto leyo engasoloko ihamba kakuhle.
ukuhambelana
Inja yenkomo yaseOstreliya iziphatha kakuhle nezinye izinja, ezinye izilwanyana zasekhaya, okanye abantwana. Imfuneko yokuziphatha okunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kukuba izinja zihlalisana kakuhle kwaye ziqhelekile.
intshukumo
Izilwanyana ezikwiqela lezilwanyana ezibandakanya iNja yeenkomo zase-Australia zifuna umthambo omninzi kunye nomsebenzi wokugcina imizimba yazo ikwimo entle. Ngoko ke ukuba ujonge inja ethangeni ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba wenze okuninzi, le nja lukhetho olungalunganga.
Izinto ezizodwa
Iinjana zolu didi zizalwa zimhlophe, kodwa amabala emathupheni anika isalathiso sombala wedyasi oza kulindeleka kamva.
ibali
Abantu baseOstreliya babiza inja yabo yeenkomo ngentlonipho nokuncoma “njengomhlobo osenyongweni womntu osehlathini”. Inja yenkomo yase-Australia ibambe indawo ekhethekileyo kwiintliziyo zabantu base-Australia. Inja yaseOstreliya inamagama nobuso obuninzi. Waziwa ngamagama e-Australian Heeler, Blue okanye Red Heeler, kodwa neeHolo Heeler okanye Queensland Heeler. Inja yenkomo yase-Australia ligama layo elisemthethweni.
Imbali yeNja yenkomo yase-Australia idibaniswe ngokusondeleyo kwimbali yase-Australia kunye nabanqobi bayo. Abaphambukeli bokuqala bahlala kwiindawo ezijikeleze isixeko sanamhlanje iSydney. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, aba bafuduki beza neenkomo kunye nezinja zeenkomo ezinxulumene nazo ukusuka kwilizwe labo (ingakumbi eNgilani).
Izinja ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle zenze umsebenzi wazo ngokwanelisayo ekuqaleni, nokuba imozulu yaseOstreliya ichaphazele izinja. Akuzange kube kudala abahlali baqala ukwanda emantla eSydney ngaphaya kweHunter Valley nasezantsi ukuya kwiSithili sase-Illawarra apho kwavela iingxaki ezinzulu.
Ukufunyanwa kwendlela yokudlula kwiGreat Dividing Range ngowe-1813 kwavula amadlelo amakhulu ngasentshona. Ekubeni ifama inokugubungela amawaka eekhilomitha zeekhilomitha, ukufuywa kwezilwanyana okwahluke ngokupheleleyo kwakunikezelwa apha.
Kwakungekho mida ebiyelweyo kwaye, ngokungafaniyo nangaphambili, iinkomo zazilahlwa nje apho, ngokungafaniyo nangaphambili, iinkomo zazilahliwe kwaye zishiywe zizenzele. Loo nto yabangela ukuba imihlambi ibe neengcango zaza zayeka ukuqhelana nabantu. Izinja yayizizilwanyana ezimbuna ezazihlala kwiindawo ezixineneyo kumadlelo abiyelweyo, ezazifudula ziqhutywa. Oku kwatshintsha.
Eyaziwa ngokuba yi “Smithfields” okanye “Black-Bob-Tail”, inja yaseNgilani yayisetyenziswa ngabafuyi baseOstreliya bokuqala ukwenza umsebenzi wabo womhlambi. Ezi zinja azizange zijamelane ncam nemozulu, zazikhonkotha kakhulu, yaye zazicotha ngeenyawo ngenxa yokuhamba kwazo. USmithfields yenye yezinja zokuqala ezazisetyenziswa ngabafuyi xa belusa. Nangona kunjalo, babengasoloko behambelana kakuhle nomhlaba we-Down Under yase-Australia.
Timmin kaThixo Heeler Izinja
UJohn (uJack) Timmins (1816 – 1911) wawela iSmithfields yakhe kunye neDingo (inja yasendle yaseOstreliya). Ingcinga yayikukuthatha ithuba leempawu zedingo, ichule eligqithileyo, elinesibindi, umzingeli owomeleleyo oqhelene ngokugqibeleleyo nendawo akuyo. Ukuze aba baphambukeli bakwazi ukusebenzisa imimandla emikhulu yaseOstreliya ukuze kufuywe iinkomo, kwafuneka bazale inja efanelekileyo eyayizingisa, ikwazi ukumelana nemozulu, nesebenza ngokuzolileyo.
Izinja eziphuma koku kuwela zazibizwa ngokuba ziiTimins Heelers. Yayizizinja zokuqala zeenkomo zaseOstreliya, ezikhawuleza kakhulu kodwa ezolile. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobulukhuni bayo, le ntlobo yezilwanyana ayikwazanga ukuphumelela kwixesha elide kwaye yanyamalala kwakhona emva kwexeshana.
I-Heeler yeHolo
Umnini-mhlaba omncinci kunye nomfuyi weenkomo uThomas Simpson Hall (1808-1870) wangenisa iRough Collies ezimbini eziluhlaza ukusuka eSkotlani ukuya eNew South Wales ngo-1840. Wafumana iziphumo ezilungileyo ngokunqumla inzala yezi zinja zimbini ngedingo.
Izinja eziphuma kulo mnqamlezo zazibizwa ngokuba ziiHall's Heelers. Imixube ye-collie-dingo yayisebenza ngcono kakhulu kwiinkomo. Ezi zinja zazifunwa kakhulu njengoko zazimele ukuqhubela phambili okukhulu kwinto eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambili njengezinja zeenkomo eOstreliya. Imfuno yeenjana ibiphezulu ngokufanelekileyo.
UJack noHarry Bagust, abazalwana bazama ukuphucula izinja ngokudibanisa ngakumbi. Okokuqala, bawelela eDalmatian ukuze bandise uthando ebantwini. Ukongeza, basebenzise iBlack kunye neTan Kelpies.
Ezi zinja zaseOstreliya zazisa indlela yokusebenza eyongezelelekileyo kolu hlobo, nto leyo eyaba luncedo ekusetyenzisweni kwazo. Isiphumo yaba yinja esebenzayo, exineneyo yohlobo lwedingo enzima kancinci. Emva kokusebenzisa iiKelpies, akukho nto ingaphaya eyenziwayo.
Inja yenkomo yase-Australia yakhula yaba yeyona nja ibalulekileyo yokwalusa e-Australia kwisithuba senkulungwane ye-19. Udidi oluluhlaza (blue merle) lwaboniswa okokuqala ngo 1897. Umfuyi uRobert Kaleski waseka umgangatho wokuqala wokuzala ngo-1903.