Intshayelelo: Ukuqonda Ukulunywa yikati yeeNyoka

Ukulunywa yikati yinyoka ebangela inkxalabo kwimimandla apho ezi nyoka zinobuhlungu zixhaphake khona. Oku kulunywa kunokukhokelela kwi-envenomation enzima, ebangela uluhlu olubanzi lweempawu kunye neengxaki. Kubalulekile ukuqonda uhlobo lwetyhefu yenyoka yekati kunye nonyango olukhoyo, ngakumbi ii-antivenin, ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokunyanga oku kulunywa.

Isishwankathelo seeNyoka zekati kunye netyhefu yazo

Iinyoka zekati, ezikwaziwa ngokuba ziintlobo zeBoiga, liqela leenyoka ezinobuhlungu obukhulu ezifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseAsia naseOstreliya. Ezi nyoka ziyaziwa ngemizimba yazo ebhityileyo, amehlo amakhulu, kunye nendalo ye-arboreal. Ubuhlungu babo buqulethe indibaniselwano enamandla ye-neurotoxins kunye ne-hemotoxins, okwenza ukulunywa kwabo kube yingozi ngakumbi. Ikakhulu baxhomekeke kwityhefu yabo ukuze bangakwazi ukuhamba amaxhoba kwaye bazikhusele.

Ukubaluleka kweeAntivenom kuNyango lokulunywa yinyoka

Ii-Antivenom zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunyangeni ukulunywa ziinyoka, kuquka nezo zibangelwa ziinyoka zekati. Xa zilawulwe ngokukhawuleza, zinokunciphisa iziphumo eziyityhefu zetyhefu yenyoka, zithintele ubungozi obungakumbi kwaye zinokusindisa ubomi. I-Antivenoms yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuchasana nemiphumo ye-venom, inika isiqabu esiyimfuneko kunye nokuvumela ukhuseleko lwendalo lomzimba ukulwa ne-toxins.

Ii-Antivenom: Ziyintoni kwaye Zisebenza Njani?

Ii-Antivenom ziveliswa ngokukhupha ubuthi kwiinyoka eziphilayo kunye nokutofa idosi encinci yayo kwizilwanyana, njengamahashe okanye iigusha. Ezi zilwanyana zenza amajoni omzimba ngokuchasene netyhefu, ethi emva koko ivunwe kwaye icocwe ukwenza ii-antivenin. Xa isetyenziswe kwixhoba lokulunywa yinyoka, ii-antivenin zibophelela kwaye zinciphise ityhefu yetyhefu, zithintele ukuba zibangele ingozi engakumbi. Le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba immunotherapy.

Imingeni ekuphuhliseni ii-Antivenom zokulunywa yikati yeeNyoka

Ukuphuhlisa ii-antivenin zokulunywa yikati kunemingeni emininzi. Ukwahluka okubanzi ekubunjweni kwetyhefu phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenyoka zekati kwenza kube nzima ukwenza i-antivenin yendalo yonke. Ukongeza, ukunqongophala kweenyoka zekati ekuthinjweni kunciphisa ukufumaneka kwetyhefu kuphando kunye nokuveliswa kwe-antivenin. Ngaphezu koko, uhlobo oluntsonkothileyo lwetyhefu yetyhefu lufuna uphando olubanzi kunye nokuqonda ukuphuhlisa ii-antivenin ezisebenzayo.

Uphando lwangoku kunye neenzame zoPhuhliso

Abaphandi basebenza ngenkuthalo ukujongana nemingeni ehambelana nokuphuhlisa ii-antivenin zokulunywa yikati yeenyoka. Ubuchule obuphezulu, obufana neproteomics kunye negenomics, busetyenziswa ukuhlalutya ukubunjwa kwetyhefu kunye nokuchonga ityhefu ethile. Olu lwazi lunceda ekuphuhliseni ii-antivenin ezijoliswe ngakumbi. Iinzame zentsebenziswano phakathi kwezazinzulu, iingcali ze-herpetologists, kunye neenkampani ezixuba amayeza nazo ziyakhuthazwa ukwandisa imveliso ye-antivenin kunye nokufumaneka.

Ukufumaneka kweeAntivenom zokulunywa yikati yeeNyoka

Okwangoku, kukho ii-antivenin ezininzi ezikhoyo kunyango lokulunywa yikati yenyoka. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumaneka kwazo kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kummandla. Kwiindawo apho inyoka yekati iluma khona, abavelisi bendawo bavelisa i-antivenin ekhethekileyo kwiintlobo ezixhaphakileyo. Ezi antivenom zihlala zigcinwa kwizibhedlele kunye nezibonelelo zonyango kule mimandla ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko zokulunywa yinyoka.

Ukusebenza kunye neMida yeAntivenom ekhoyo

Ukusebenza kwee-antivenin ezikhoyo zokulunywa yikati yeenyoka kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile lwetyhefu kunye nokwahluka kwendawo. Ngelixa ezi antivenin zisebenza ngokubanzi ngokuchasene ne-neurotoxic kunye neziphumo ze-hemotoxic zetyhefu yekati yekati, ezinye iinguqulelo ekusebenzeni ziye zabonwa. Ngaphaya koko, ngenxa yobume obuntsokothileyo betyhefu, ii-antivenin azinakukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo zonke iimpawu kwiimeko ezimandundu, nto leyo efuna ukhathalelo olongezelelweyo lwenkxaso.

Iimpembelelo ezinokuthi zibe kho kunye neNgqwalasela yoKhuseleko

Ngelixa ii-antivenin zilunyango olusindisa ubomi, zinokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga ziqhelekile ukuba buthathaka kwaye zibandakanya ukuchasana nomzimba, okufana nerhashalala yolusu okanye umkhuhlane. Nangona kunjalo, ukuchasana okuqatha kunqabile kodwa kunokwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuba ii-antivenin zilawulwe phantsi kweliso labasebenzi bezonyango abaqeqeshiweyo abanokulawula ngokukhawuleza naziphi na iziphumo ezibi kwaye babeke iliso kwimeko yesigulana.

Ulawulo olululo kunye nomthamo wee-Antivenom

Ii-Antivenom kufuneka zilawulwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokulunywa yinyoka yekati ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kwazo. Umthamo kunye nendlela yokulawula ixhomekeke kubukhulu bokuluma kunye nemeko yesigulane. Iingcali zonyango zilandela izikhokelo kunye neeprothokholi ezimiselweyo ukumisela idosi efanelekileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ulawulo olukhuselekileyo lwee-antivenin. Ukujongwa ngokusondeleyo kweempawu ezibalulekileyo zesigulane kunye nokuphendula kunyango kubalulekile kwiziphumo ezizezona zilungileyo.

Ukufuna Uncedo lwezoNyango lokulunywa yikati yeeNyoka

Kwimeko yokulunywa yinyoka yekati, ukufuna uncedo lonyango olukhawulezileyo kubalulekile. Ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza kwezonyango, kubandakanywa nokulawulwa kwe-antivenin, kunokuphucula kakhulu i-prognosis yesigulane. Kubalulekile ukuthintela amalungu achaphazelekayo, ugcine isigulana sizolile, kwaye usithuthe usise kwesona ziko lezempilo likufutshane ngokukhawuleza. Ukuzinyanga okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango kufuneka ziphetshwe, njengoko zinokulibazisa unyango olufanelekileyo, ukwandisa umngcipheko weengxaki.

Isiphelo: Isidingo seeAntivenom ezisebenzayo

Ukulunywa ziinyoka zekati kuyingozi enkulu kubantu abahlala kwimimandla apho zifumaneka khona ezi nyoka. Uphuhliso kunye nokufumaneka kwee-antivenin ezisebenzayo zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni unyango olukhawulezileyo noluyimpumelelo lwamaxhoba olunywa yinyoka. Iinzame zophando eziqhubekayo, intsebenziswano yentsebenziswano, kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kuvula indlela yokuphucula i-antivenin enika iziphumo ezingcono kunye nokunciphisa iingozi ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nokulunywa kweenyoka zekati. Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuxhasa ezi nzame zibalulekileyo zokukhusela abantu kwiziphumo ezibi zetyhefu yekati.