UMary Allen
Imisundululu zii-omnivores, kodwa ikhetha ukutya intsalela yezityalo ezifileyo esele zikhoniwe kwaye ziboliswe kwangaphambili zii microorganisms.
Ngaba iintshulube zi-omnivores?
Imisundululu zii-omnivores, kodwa ikhetha ukutya intsalela yezityalo ezifileyo esele zikhoniwe kwaye ziboliswe zii microorganisms.
Ngaba iintshulube zizilwanyana ezitya inyama?
Imisundululu ihlala kumhlaba wamahlathi kunye namadlelo, apho igrumba umhlaba kwaye itye iintsalela zezityalo ezifileyo ezigqunywe zii-microorganisms. Njengeemnivores, imisundululu itya inkunkuma eyifumana kufutshane neminyango yemingxuma yazo.
Itya ntoni imisundululu?
Umbungu womba kwaye utye phantse ngokuqhubekayo. Itya amagqabi, inkunkuma yezityalo ezifileyo kunye ne-microorganisms. Utya malunga nesiqingatha sobunzima bakhe yonke imihla. Ngobusuku obunye, lo mbungu utsalela amagqabi amalunga nama-20 emhadini wawo uze uwancamathele ngomdaka wawo.
Ngaba iintshulube ziyimifuno?
Umbungu awutyanga mifuno kwaye utya umhlaba kunye nobutyobo bezityalo.
Yintoni engenakutyiwa yimibungu?
Ityhefu, i-antibacterial, i-omile, i-woody, amathambo, iikhemikhali, ubisi, i-citrus, inyama, isonka kunye neemveliso zengqolowa, iphepha elicwebezelayo, ukutya okuphekiweyo, okufakwe emanzini kunye netyuwa akufanele kuhambe kwibhokisi yeembungu.
Ngaba umbungu unentliziyo?
Imisundululu ayinawo nawaphi na amalungu okujoja okanye okubona, kodwa ineentliziyo ezininzi! Ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, kukho izibini ezintlanu zeentliziyo. Umbungu wenza amakhonkco angama-180, lawo abizwa ngokuba ngamacandelwana, kunye nezibini zeentliziyo zibe ngamacandelo esixhenxe ukuya kwishumi elinanye.
Ngaba umbungu unengqondo?
Nombungu unengqondo kunye namalungu ambalwa angavele akhule. Nangona kunjalo, liyinene elokuba umbungu ophulukene nomsila – mhlawumbi ngenxa yobuchule bomsebenzi wegadi – ungaphila.
Ngaba umbungu unokuluma?
"Kodwa imisundululu ayiyomolluscs kwaye, ngokungafaniyo neenkumba, ayifuni zakhiwo zamazinyo ukuze zitye," utshilo uJoschko. Ngenxa yokuba le ntshulube “ingafunquli” amagqabi, iyenza ithambe loo nto ngendlela entsonkothileyo kumlomo wayo ongenamazinyo, itsho njalo ingcali.
Ngaba intshulube ibuhlungu?
Banamalungu eemvakalelo abanokuthi ngawo babone izinto ezivuselela iintlungu. Kodwa mhlawumbi uninzi lwezilwanyana ezingenamqolo azizazi iintlungu ngenxa yokwakheka kobuchopho bazo – hayi nemisundululu kunye nezinambuzane.
Yintoni efunwa ngumbungu ukuze uphile?
Emini, le ntshulube ihlala kumhlaba opholileyo nofumileyo. Ngoko bayaliphepha ilanga nembalela. Imfuno yokufuma ephezulu yemisundululu inxulumene nokuphefumla kwayo. Ukufunxwa kweoksijini kunye nokukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside kwenzeka ngesikhumba esibhityileyo, esifumileyo kunye nesibhityileyo.
Ngaba umbungu unamazinyo?
Kodwa ubusazi ukuba iintshulube azinamazinyo kwaye azityi ngcambu, ngoko ungaziyekela kwiinkukhu ukuba zizibambe ngokwazo.
Uphila ixesha elingakanani umbungu?
Ubomi babo obuqhelekileyo buphakathi kweminyaka emithathu nesibhozo. I-9 ukuya kwi-30 yeesentimitha ubude be-dewworm okanye umhlaba oqhelekileyo (i-Lumbricus terrestris, eyayifudula ibizwa ngokuba yi-vermis terrae) mhlawumbi lolona hlobo lwaziwa kakhulu lwe-annelid yemveli, kunye ne-6 ukuya kwi-13 yeesentimitha zombungu womgquba ubude (Eisenia fetida).
Injani incasa yombungu?
Zinokugqwaliswa ngomphunga, ziqhotswe okanye ziqhotyiswe- kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo zinencasa eyona igcadiweyo, enjengeetshiphusi ezikrwada. Incasa yi nutty kancinane.
Ngaba ungayitya imisundululu ikrwada?
Igama elithi “esculentus” (= etyiwayo) libonisa ukuba isiko lokutya iindidi ezithile zemisundululu kudala kakhulu. Abemi bomthonyama baseNew Guinea batya nje le misundululu ityiwayo ikrwada, ngelixa izizwe zaseMzantsi Afrika ziqhotsa.
Yintoni engayithandiyo imisundululu?
Ngenxa yokuba iintshulube zomhlaba azithandi izichumisi zamaminerali kwaye zishiya umyezo. Enye into encedayo: Ukonakalisa entwasahlobo. Galela isanti erhabaxa kwiindawo ezingenanto zengca.
Ngubani otya umbungu?
Iintshaba: iintaka, iimoles, amasele kunye namaxoxo, kodwa kunye nelanga - iyomisa imisundululu.
Kutheni le nto imisundululu iphuma ebusuku?
Olunye uhlobo luphefumla ioksijini eninzi ebusuku kunasemini. Kumhlaba onamanzi, isafumana ioksijini eyaneleyo okwethutyana, kodwa ukuba amanzi eme okwethutyana, isiqulatho seoksijini siyehla. Emva koko iintshulube ziba neengxaki zokuphefumla kwaye zize phezulu ebusuku xa kunetha.
Ngaba uyayiva imisundululu?
Umbungu awuva, kodwa ukuba uthe wacofa umhlaba uya kuva ukungcangcazela.
Ngaba iintshulube ziyi vegan?
Kwi-vegans, imeko icacile: iimveliso zezilwanyana zalo naluphi na uhlobo zichazwa ngaphandle kwesidlo se-vegan. Oku kusebenza kwakhona ngaphandle kokukhetha kwizinambuzane (kwaye ngokunjalo nakwi-additive carmine ebomvu, i-E 120, esetyenziswa njengombala wokutya kwaye ifunyenwe kwizinambuzane zesikali).
Ngaba imibungu inetyhefu ebantwini?
Nangona kunjalo, imisundululu ekrwada – njengesushi yabantwana egadini – ayinabungozi kwaphela empilweni. Umbungu unokuthwala intshulube ye tapeworm okanye imibungu yegolide. Xa sele ukwinginginya entsha - umntu ongaqinisekanga - ezi zifunxi-gazi zinokukhokelela kwizigulo ezimandundu.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa umbungu wahlulwe?
Umbungu omnye awusoze ube mibini ngokwahlukana. Ingxaki ephambili yintloko: I-worm iquka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-180 yamacandelo amise okwesangqa, kwaye ukuba unqumle ngaphezu kweshumi elinesihlanu kuwo ekupheleni kwentloko, umsila oseleyo awuyi kukhula intloko entsha - ngoko ke kufuneka ife. .
Kutheni le nto imisundululu ineentliziyo ezili-10?
Kuba kukho i-arcs ezili-10 zizonke, umntu unokuthi kwakhona umbungu uneentliziyo ezili-10. Ukongeza kwiipere ezi-5 zeentliziyo ezisecaleni, imithambo yegazi ngasemva nayo icinezelwe kancinci. Oku kukwakhuthaza ukuhamba kwegazi. Igazi limpompoza kumqolo wenqanawa ukusuka entloko ukuya ekupheleni kombungu.
Ngaba umbungu uyakuva?
Impendulo kumbuzo womphandi wethu: Emva kovavanyo lwethu, sinokuphendula umbuzo womphandi wethu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Umbungu ungaziva kakuhle kakhulu.
Ngaba umbungu unamehlo?
Umbungu awuboni kakuhle njengabantu okanye ikati. Amehlo ombungu nawo akhangeleka ahluke kakhulu kwawethu. Kodwa lo mbungu “unamehlo” amaninzi, amancinci kakhulu (iiseli zezivamvo) angabonakali nangeglasi yokukhulisa.
Ngaba umbungu unabo ubuso?
Imisundululu ayinamehlo, ayinandlebe nampumlo. Nokuba aziboni nto, ziyakwazi ukwahlula ukukhanya nobumnyama. Iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezibekwe ngaphambili nangasemva kombungu ziyanceda koku. Kodwa oko kubanceda kuphela apho kukho ukukhanya.
Ngaba umbungu unokuqubha?
Imisundululu iziva ikhululekile emanzini. Azitshoni kuba ziyakwazi ukufunxa ioksijini emanzini. Kukho ioksijini eninzi emanzini amatsha, kanti amanzi emvula akanayo ioksijini eninzi kangako. Kunzima kubo ukuphefumla kumadibi.
Ngaba umbungu unalo ulwimi?
Kwicala le-ventral kwicandelo lokuqala kukho ukuvuleka komlomo, okuye konganyelwe yi-flap yentloko njengomlebe ongasentla. Imisundululu ayinamazinyo kwaye ayinazixhobo zokuhlafuna, igobe imilebe kuphela. Basenokuyolula njengolwimi ukuba balubambe balufunxe ekutyeni.
Mkhulu kangakanani owona msundululu mkhulu ehlabathini?
Owona msundululu mde wafunyanwa eOstreliya kwaye walinganiselwa kwi-3.2 yeemitha. Yeyosapho lweMegascolecidae (ukusuka kwi-Greek mega "enkulu" kunye ne-skolex "worm"), ehlala kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha nasemithini okanye ematyholweni.
Ngaba umbungu unawo umlomo?
Umbungu unomlomo ngaphambili kunye nomngxuma wokukhupha ilindle ekupheleni apho kuphuma khona ilindle. Ukusuka ngaphandle, zombini iziphelo zibukeka zifana kakhulu.
Mangaphi amaqanda abekwa ngumbungu?
Ukhwelana rhoqo ngonyaka kwaye avelise amaqanda amaninzi kwi-cocoon nganye (ukuya kwi-11). Isilwanyana esinye esikhule ngokwesondo sinokuvelisa ukuya kutsho kuma-300 ngonyaka. Umbungu oqhelekileyo, kwelinye icala, udla ngokudibana kanye kuphela ngonyaka, uvelisa amaqombolokoshe ama-5 ukuya kwali-10, ngalinye lineqanda elinye.
Uzalwa njani umbungu?
Ukudlula kwicandelo lomzimba, iiseli zeqanda ezivuthiweyo - ngokuqhelekileyo inye kuphela - ziphuma kwi-fallopian tube pore ukuya kwi-cocoon. Xa i-cocoon ifikelela kwiipokotho ze-seminal phambili phambili kwinqanaba le-9 kunye ne-10th, iiseli ze-sperm zeqabane ezigcinwe apho zifudukela kwi-cocoon kwaye zichumise iseli yeqanda.
Ngaba umbungu uneendlebe?
Umzimba wayo omde uyilwe zizihlunu ezimile okwesangqa nolusu, ibe ayinangqondo, ayinamehlo, okanye iindlebe. Kodwa kwisiphelo esingaphambili umlomo atya ngawo ukungcola.
Kutheni le nto imisundululu iphuma emhlabeni xa kunetha?
Xa imvula iqala ukuna, amanzi angena ngokukhawuleza kwimibhobho aze aqokelele apho. Ke ngoko, le misundululu ishiya le mingxuma kwimozulu yemvula kwaye ibalekele phezu komhlaba, kuba kungenjalo yayiza kurhaxwa emingxunyeni nakwimingxuma yayo.
Ngaba uyayiva ivumba leentshulube?
Umbungu awunampumlo, kodwa usenako ukunuka. Ngokusebenzisa iiseli zayo zezivamvo eluswini, ibona amavumba abangela i-caustic, njengoko la ebeka esichengeni ubomi bawo.