Mary Allen
Selelekela: Ho Utloisisa Taba
Joaloka mong'a phoofolo ea lapeng, e ka ba ho sithabetsang ho bona ntja ea hau e bontša mabifi ho katse ea hau. E ka ferekanya le ho ameha, haholo-holo haeba liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng li 'nile tsa lumellana pele. Leha ho le joalo, ke habohlokoa ho utloisisa hore mabifi pakeng tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng ha se ntho e tloaelehileng, 'me ke habohlokoa ho rarolla bothata bona ho netefatsa polokeho le boiketlo ba liphoofolo tsohle tse ruuoang lapeng tse amehang.
Ho na le mabaka a fapaneng a hore na ke hobane'ng ha ntja ea hau e ka bontša mabifi ho katse ea hau, ho kenyelletsa le litaba tsa bongaka, mathata a boitšoaro, kapa maemo a tikoloho. Ho bohlokoa ho tseba sesosa sa bohloeki ho fumana tharollo e nepahetseng. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba mabaka a ka 'nang a etsa hore ntja ea hau e be mabifi ho katse ea hau le ho fana ka tharollo e sebetsang ea ho rarolla bothata bona.
Ho Hlahloba Boitšoaro ba Ntja ea Hao
Mohato oa pele oa ho sebetsana le mabifi a ntja ea hau ho katse ea hau ke ho hlahloba boitšoaro ba ntja ea hau. Sheba 'mele oa ntja ea hau le liketso tsa eona ho katse ea hau. Na ntja ea hau e ntse e rora, e bohola, kapa e lla katse ea hau? Na ntja ea hau e bontša matšoao a tšabo kapa matšoenyeho? Ke habohlokoa ho utloisisa boitšoaro ba ntja ea hau ho fumana sesosa sa ho ba mabifi.
Hape ke habohlokoa hore u nahane ka liphetoho leha e le life tsa morao-rao tse mabapi le kemiso ea ntja ea hau kapa tikoloho. Na ho bile le phetoho lijong tsa ntja ea hau, mokhoa oa ho ikoetlisa, kapa maemo a bophelo? Lintja li ka lemoha liphetoho tse teng tikolohong ea tsona, 'me liphetoho tsena li ka baka mabifi ho liphoofolo tse ling tsa lapeng.
Ho Lekola Boitšoaro ba Katse ea Hao
Le hoja ho ka 'na ha bonahala eka ntja ea hau ke mohatelli ea ka sehloohong, ke habohlokoa hore u hlahlobe le boitšoaro ba katse ea hau. Na katse ea hau e hlohlelletsa mabifi ka ho lla kapa ho sotha ntja ea hau? Na ho na le nalane ea likhohlano lipakeng tsa liphoofolo tsa lapeng? Ho utloisisa boitšoaro ba katse ea hau ho ka thusa ho tseba lintho tse ka u susumetsang hore ntja ea hau e be mabifi.
Ho bohlokoa hape ho nahana ka bophelo bo botle ba katse ea hau. Haeba katse ea hau e utloa bohloko kapa e sa phutholoha, e ka 'na ea e-ba le monyetla o moholo oa ho otla ntja ea hau, e leng se ka etsang hore ntja ea hau e be mabifi. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho isa katse ea hau ho ngaka ea liphoofolo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ho thibela mathata leha e le afe a bongaka a ka bakang mabifi.
Lintho tse ka Tsosang Boitšoaro bo Bohale
Ho na le lintho tse 'maloa tse ka etsang hore ntja ea hau e be mabifi ka tšohanyetso ho katse ea hau. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa ho lebela lisebelisoa, ho ba le sebaka, tšabo kapa ho tsieleha. Ho lebela lisebelisoa ho etsahala ha lintja li e-ba le lijo, lintho tsa ho bapala kapa lintho tse ling, e leng se lebisang boitšoarong bo mabifi ho liphoofolo tse ling tsa lapeng.
Territorialism ke sesosa se seng se tloaelehileng sa ho ba mabifi pakeng tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Lintja li ka 'na tsa sireletsa sebaka sa tsona sa bolulo' me tsa bona liphoofolo tse ling tse ruuoang lapeng e le tšokelo sebakeng sa tsona. Tšabo le ho tsieleha li ka boela tsa lebisa ho mabifi ho lintja, haholo-holo haeba li ikutloa li sokeloa kapa li sa phutholoha tikolohong ea tsona.
Ho tseba lintho tse ka bakang pefo ea ntja ea hau ho ka u thusa ho fumana tharollo e nepahetseng ea ho rarolla bothata.
Mathata a Bongaka a ka Bakang Bokhopo
Litaba tsa bongaka li ka boela tsa etsa hore lintja li bontše boitšoaro bo mabifi ho liphoofolo tse ling tsa lapeng. Bohloko, bokuli, kapa mathata a methapo a ka etsa hore lintja li itšoare ka mabifi. Haeba ntja ea hau e se e qalile ho bontša mabifi ho katse ea hau, ke habohlokoa hore u ise ntja ea hau ho ngaka ea liphoofolo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea bongaka e le hore ho ka 'na ha e-ba le mathata leha e le afe a bongaka a ka bakang mabifi.
Mathata a Boitšoaro a ka Bakang Bokhopo
Litaba tsa boitšoaro li ka boela tsa etsa hore lintja li bontše boitšoaro bo mabifi ho liphoofolo tse ling tsa lapeng. Ho hloka botsoalle, tšabo, matšoenyeho, kapa phihlelo e sithabetsang ho ka etsa hore lintja li itšoare ka mabifi ho liphoofolo tse ling tse ruuoang lapeng. Ho sebetsana le litaba tsena tsa boitšoaro ka koetliso, botsoalle, le matlafatso e ntle ho ka thusa ho rarolla bothata ba ho ba mabifi.
Litharollo tse ka khonehang tsa ho ba mabifi
Ho na le litharollo tse fapaneng tse ka thusang ho rarolla bothata ba likhohlano lipakeng tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa ho thethefatsa maikutlo, ho thibela boemo, koetliso le meriana. Ho lahleheloa ke maikutlo ho kenyelletsa ho pepesetsa ntja ea hau nthong e susumetsang e bakang mabifi ka mokhoa o laoloang le o sireletsehileng ho fokotsa tšabo le matšoenyeho.
Counter-conditioning e kenyelletsa ho ruta ntja ea hau ho amahanya liphihlelo tse ntle le tšusumetso e bakang mabifi. Koetliso e ka boela ea atleha ho sebetsana le pefo ka ho ruta ntja ea hau ho itšoara ka tsela e loketseng haufi le liphoofolo tse ling tse ruuoang lapeng. Maemong a mang, meriana e ka 'na ea hlokahala ho rarolla mathata a ka sehloohong a bongaka kapa a boitšoaro a bakang mabifi.
Ho Batla Thuso ea Litsebi
Haeba u sa tsebe hantle hore na u ka sebetsana joang le mabifi a ntja ea hau ho katse ea hau, ke habohlokoa ho batla thuso ea litsebi. Setsebi kapa mokoetlisi ea tšoanelehang oa lintja a ka u thusa ho tseba sesosa sa pefo le ho fana ka tharollo e sebetsang ho rarolla bothata. Thuso ea litsebi e ka boela ea hlokahala haeba pefo e le matla kapa haeba ho na le kotsi ea ho lematsa liphoofolo tsa lapeng.
Ho Etsa bonnete ba Polokeho Bakeng sa Liphoofolo Tsohle Tse Kenyellelitsoeng
Ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa polokeho ea liphoofolo tsohle tse ruuoang lapeng tse amehang nakong ea tharollo ea likhohlano. Boloka liphoofolo tsa lapeng li arohane nakong ea koetliso le ts'ebetso ea ho thibela maikutlo ho thibela liketsahalo tse mabifi. Ho bohlokoa hape ho hlokomela liphoofolo tsa lapeng ha li le 'moho ho thibela likhohlano tse ka bang teng.
Ho Thibela Liketsahalo Tsa Bokhopo Tse Tlang
Ho thibela liketsahalo tsa nakong e tlang tsa mabifi ho hloka koetliso e tsitsitseng le botsoalle. Ruta ntja ea hau boitšoaro bo nepahetseng mabapi le liphoofolo tse ling tse ruuoang lapeng 'me u putse litšebelisano tse ntle. Koetliso e tsitsitseng le matlafatso e nepahetseng li ka thusa ho thibela liketsahalo tsa nakong e tlang tsa mabifi.
Bohlokoa ba Koetliso e tsitsitseng
Koetliso e tsitsitseng e bohlokoa ho sebetsana le tlhekefetso pakeng tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Ho nka nako, mamello le botsitso ho fetola boitšoaro ba ntja ea hau. Ho bohlokoa ho lula u khobile matšoafo, u na le tšepo, 'me u na le mamello nakong eohle ea koetliso.
Qetello: Ho Fumana Qeto
Qetellong, mabifi pakeng tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng ha se ntho e tloaelehileng, 'me ke habohlokoa ho rarolla bothata ho netefatsa polokeho le boiketlo ba liphoofolo tsohle tse ruuoang lapeng tse amehang. Ho utloisisa sesosa sa ho hlekefetsa ntja ea hau ho katse ea hau ke habohlokoa ho fumana tharollo e nepahetseng. Ebang ke taba ea bongaka kapa bothata ba boitšoaro, ho na le litharollo tse sa tšoaneng tse ka thusang ho rarolla bothata ba ho ba mabifi. Batla thuso ea litsebi ha ho hlokahala, 'me u netefatse tšireletseho ea liphoofolo tsohle tse ruuoang lapeng tse amehang nakong ea ho rarolla mabifi. Ka koetliso e tsitsitseng le matlafatso a nepahetseng, hoa khoneha ho rarolla mabifi le ho khothalletsa likamano tse ntle pakeng tsa liphoofolo tsa lapeng.