Mary Allen
Axolotl ha e shebahale e le ntle feela ebile e sa tloaeleha; salamander ea Mexico e boetse e na le bokhoni bo ka hohelang: e khona ho pheta-pheta maoto le matsoho esita le likarolo tsa lesapo la mokokotlo nakong ea libeke.
Axolotl - salamander ea Mexico e phelang boholo ba bophelo ba eona metsing. Ke sebōpuoa se makatsang se ke keng sa aroloa ka pono hang-hang. Kae kapa kae pakeng tsa newt, salamander, le tadpole. Lebaka ke hobane e lula e le mothating oa larva bophelong bohle ba eona empa e ntse e hola ka thobalano. E bitsoa neoteny.
Axolotl e hola ho fihla ho 25 cm ka boholo le ho fihlela lilemo tse 25. Amphibian e bile teng ka lilemo tse ka bang limilione tse 350, empa ka palo e nyane feela: ho na le mehlala e mengata haholo e phelang lilaboratoring ho feta naheng.
Nako ea bophelo ea axolotl e nka nako e kae?
Nako ea bophelo ka karolelano - lilemo tse 10-15. Mmala le litšoaneleho - mefuta e 'maloa e tsebahalang ea mebala, ho kenyelletsa le sootho, botšo, albino, bohlooho, le bopinki bo hlakileng; mahlaka a kantle le lepheo la mokokotlo ka lebaka la neoteny. Baahi ba hlaha - 700-1,200 hoo e ka bang.
Li-axolotl li na le lilemo tse kae ka aquarium?
Kakaretso ea nako ea bophelo e ka ba lilemo tse 15. Liphoofolo li bile li tsejoa hore li fihlile Methusela lilemo tse 25. Nako e fokolang ke lilemo tse robeli ho isa ho tse leshome.
Na li-axolotl li ka phela lilemo tse 100?
Ka tloaelo li-Axolotl li phela lilemo tse 10-15 li le botlamuoeng, empa li ka phela lilemo tse fetang 20 ha li hlokometsoe hantle. Li-axolotl tsa khale ka ho fetisisa ha li tsejoe empa lilemo tsa tsona li ka li makatsa ha li ntse li fetoha liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng tse tloaelehileng kaha mefuta e meng ea li-salamander e na le nako e telele ea bophelo (ho feta moo ka tlase!)
Axolotl: phoofolo ea tonanahali ea metsing e nang le maqeba
Lebitso "axolotl" le tsoa ho Maaztec 'me le bolela ntho e kang "monster ea metsi". Phoofolo ena, e bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 25, e etsa maikutlo a khotso. Ka ho le letšehali le ka ho le letona la molala ho na le li-appendages tsa gill, tseo ka mefuta e meng li totobalitsoeng ka 'mala' me li shebahala joaloka lifate tse nyenyane.
Maoto a axolotl le lesapo la mokokotlo li ka hola hape
'Me ho na le ntho e' ngoe e etsang hore phoofolo e be e khethehileng: haeba e lahleheloa ke leoto, e ntse e hōla ka mor'a libeke tse 'maloa. E ka boela ea tsosolosa ka ho feletseng likarolo tsa mokokotlo le lisele tse lemetseng tsa retina. Ha ho motho ea tsebang hore na ke hobane'ng ha axolotl e khona ho holisa maoto le matsoho a felletseng ka lesapo, mesifa le methapo. Empa bo-rasaense ba bile tseleng ka nako e telele 'me ba se ba hlalositse boitsebiso bohle ba liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa axolotl.
DNA e fetang batho ka makhetlo a leshome
Boitsebiso bohle ba liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa axolotl bo na le li-base pairs tse limilione tse likete tse 32 'me ka hona li feta makhetlo a leshome ho feta genome ea motho. Ka hona, genome ea amphibian ke eona genome e kholo ka ho fetisisa e seng e hlalositsoe ho fihlela joale. Sehlopha se etelletsoeng pele ke mofuputsi Elly Tanaka oa Vienna, Heidelberg le Dresden se fumane liphatsa tsa lefutso tse 'maloa tse hlahang feela ho axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) le mefuta e meng ea li-amphibians. Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsena li sebetsa liseleng tse ntseng li inchafatsa.
"Hona joale re na le 'mapa oa liphatsa tsa lefutso oo re ka o sebelisang ho ithuta hore na mehaho e rarahaneng - ka mohlala, maoto - e ka hōla hape."
Sergei Nowoshilov, sengoli-'moho le eena oa thuto, e hatisitsoeng koranteng ea 'Nature' ka Pherekhong 2018.
Kakaretso ea axolotl genome e hlalositsoe
Ka lebaka la thepa ea eona, axolotl esale e le taba ea lipatlisiso ka lilemo tse ka bang 150. E 'ngoe ea likolone tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa axolotl e hlokomeloa ho Molecular Pathology Laboratory e Vienna. Bafuputsi ba fetang 200 ba etsa lipatlisiso tsa mantlha tsa biomedical setsing sena.
Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa Axolotl li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa
Ho sebelisa theknoloji ea PacBio ho tseba likarolo tse telele tsa genome, genome ea axolotl e ile ea hlalosoa ka ho feletseng. Ho ile ha hlokomeloa hore gene ea bohlokoa le e atileng ea nts'etsopele - "PAX3" - e haella ka ho feletseng ho axolotl. Mosebetsi oa eona o nkiloe ke lefutso le amanang le lona le bitsoang "PAX7". Liphatsa tsa lefutso ka bobeli li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ntlafatsong ea mesifa le methapo. Ha nako e ntse e ea, kopo e joalo e lokela ho ntlafatsoa bakeng sa batho.
Ha ho na li-axolotl tse setseng naheng
Ho lekanya hore na ke li-axolotl tse kae tse setseng naheng ho thata - bafuputsi ba bang ba beha palo e ka bang 2,300, empa e ka ba e fokolang haholo. Likhakanyo tsa ho tloha ka 2009 li behile likopi lipakeng tsa 700 le 1,200 feela. Sena se bakoa haholo-holo ke tšilafalo e khōlō ea sebaka seo liphoofolo li lulang ho sona Mexico, kaha li rata ho lula tsamaisong ea likhoerekhoere moo litšila tsa rōna li felloang teng. Empa hape le ka mefuta ea litlhapi tse tsoang linaheng tse ling tse ileng tsa hlahisoa ho ntlafatsa phepelo ea protheine ho baahi. Le hoja carp e tsitsitseng e rata ho hloekisa mahe, li-cichlids li hlasela li-axolotl tse nyenyane.
Phapang ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa Axolotl e ea fokotseha ka laboratoring
Mehlala ea ho qetela e lula Letšeng la Xochimilco le matšeng a mang a manyenyane ka bophirimela ho Mexico City. Axolotl e 'nile ea nkoa e le kotsing e kholo ho tloha ka 2006. Mehlala e mengata e mengata hona joale e lula libakeng tsa metsi, lilaboratori le liteishene tsa ho ikatisa ho feta naheng. Tse ling li bile li ruisetsoa lireschorenteng tsa Japane. Tse ling li ntse li tsoela pele ho sebelisoa bakeng sa lipatlisiso. Liphatsa tsa lefutso li fokotseha ha nako e ntse e ea, hobane mefuta e atisa ho kopanngoa le eona feela. Ha ho tsejoe hore na li-axolotl tsa ho ikatisa li ntse li e-na le litšobotsi tse tšoanang hantle le beng ka tsona ka tlhaho.
Ho boloka axolotl ka aquarium
Mexico, naha ea habo eona, axolotl e ratoa haholo ke phoofolo ea lapeng, e batlang e hlomphuoa. Mang kapa mang ea batlang ho tlisa li-amphibians tse nyane marakong a tsona a mane a ka etsa joalo habonolo hobane a matla haholo ebile a hanyetsa. Ho phaella moo, ho fapana le li-salamanders tse ling, li hloka feela aquarium mme ha ho "karolo ea mobu". Kaofela li tsoa ho bana, ho li tlosa naheng ho thibetsoe ka thata. Ba rata mocheso oa metsi oa likhato tse 15 ho isa ho tse 21 tsa Celsius, ka linako tse ling ho bata. Joale ba ka hlaphoheloa hamolemo mafung. Haeba u batla ho li boloka hammoho le li-axolotl tse ling, ho molemo ka ho fetisisa ka li-conspecifics tsa boholo bo tšoanang. Di ja haholoholo ka dijo tse phelang tse kang ditlhapi tse nyane, dikgopa, kapa makgalabe a manyane.