Sei maziso egarwe ari pamusoro pemusoro waro?

Nhanganyaya: The Anatomy of a Crocodile

Makarwe zvipuka zvinoyevedza zvakararama kwemamiriyoni emakore. Dzinozivikanwa neshaya dzadzo dzine simba, ganda rakaomarara, uye miswe mirefu. Zvisinei, chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa pane garwe maziso aro. Kusiyana nemhuka dzakawanda, makarwe ane maziso pamusoro pemusoro wawo. Uku kuchinjika kwakasarudzika kwakafadza masayendisiti kwemakore, zvichitungamira kune hupfumi hwekutsvagisa pamusoro wenyaya.

Garwe Kuona: Sei Meso Avo Ari Pamusoro PeMusoro Wavo?

Kumira kwakaita ziso rengwena pamusoro pemusoro waro haisi tsaona. Imhaka yemamiriyoni emakore ekushanduka-shanduka. Makarwe anojairirwa kumararamiro emumvura, achipedza nguva yakawanda ari mumvura. Kuva nemeso pamusoro pemusoro wavo kunovabvumira kuchengetedza yakawanda yemuviri wavo yakanyura vachiri kukwanisa kuona zvakavapoteredza. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha pakuona mhuka uye zvikara.

Zvakanakira Kuva Nemaziso Pamusoro Pemusoro

Kuva nemaziso pamusoro pemusoro kunopa zvikomborero zvakati kuti kumakarwe. Chekutanga, zvinovatendera kuve nemunda wakafara wekuona, izvo zvakakosha kuti vararame munzvimbo yavo. Chechipiri, inovagonesa kuona pamusoro pepamusoro pemvura ivo vachiramba vakanyura. Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira pavanenge vachivhima mhuka kana kuedza kunzvenga zvikara. Chechitatu, kuva nemaziso pamusoro pemusoro kunovandudza kudzika kwavo kuona, izvo zvakakosha pakubata mhuka mumvura.

Basa reBinocular Vision mukuvhima Crocodile

Binocular vision ndiko kugona kushandisa maziso ese ari maviri pamwechete kugadzira imwe chete, ine mativi matatu-dimensional mufananidzo. Makarwe ane akanakisa mabinocular kuona, izvo zvinovatendera kuti vatonge nemazvo kureba kune mhuka yavo. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha pakuvhima mumvura. Meso avo akaiswa padyo pamwe chete, izvo zvinosimudzira kuona kwavo kwebinocular, zvichiita kuti vakwanise kutonga nemazvo nzvimbo uye kufamba kwemhuka yavo.

Kukosha Kwekuona Kwekutenderera muKupona Kwegarwe

Mukuwedzera kukuona kwawo kwakanakisisa kwebhainokura, makarwe anewo nzvimbo yakafara yekuona kweparutivi. Izvi zvinovabvumira kuona mafambiro uye zvinogona kuita zvikara zviri kure. Maziso avo akagadzirirwa kuona zvose zviri pamusoro nepasi pemvura, zvichivapa maonero akakwana ezvakatipoteredza.

Mamiriro eMaziso Engwena Anobata Sei Zvipfuwo Zvavo

Nzvimbo yemaziso egarwe ine simba guru pamhuka yadzo. Pakusvika kubva pasi, makarwe anogona kuramba akanyura zvakanyanya achiisa maziso awo pamusoro pemvura. Izvi zvinoita kuti dzisaonekwe nemhuka dzadzo, zvichidzipa mukana kana dzichivhima. Nzvimbo yemaziso avo inovabvumirawo kuona mhuka dziri kure, zvichiita kuti varonge kurwisa kwavo zvakanyanya.

Iko Evolution yeCrocodile Eye Placement

Iko kushanduka kwekuiswa kweziso rengwena inyaya inonakidza yanga iri nyaya yekutsvagisa zvakanyanya. Masayendisiti anotenda kuti nzvimbo yemaziso avo yakashanduka pamusoro pemamiriyoni emakore kuti ienderane nemhoteredzo yavo yemvura. Zvinokambaira zvekutanga zvakaita segarwe zvaigara panyika uye zvaive nemeso kumativi emisoro yazvo. Sezvo ivo vakashanduka kuti vawedzere kunyura mumvura, maziso avo akafamba akananga kumusoro wemisoro yavo, achivabvumira kuona zvakawanda zvezvakavapoteredza ivo vakanyura.

Meso Engwena Anofananidzwa Sei Nezvimwe Zvinokambaira?

Kuenzaniswa nezvimwe zvinokambaira, maziso engwena akasiyana. Zvizhinji zvinokambaira zvine maziso kumativi emisoro yazvo, izvo zvinovapa nzvimbo yakakura yekuona asi zvinodzikamisa kudzika kwavo kuona. Mukusiyana, makarwe ane nzwisiso yakadzama yakanakisa asi nzvimbo yakamanikana yekuona. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti maziso avo akaiswa padhuze, achibvumira kuona zviri nani binocular.

Hukama huri pakati peGarwe Ziso Position neHabitat

Mamiriro egarwe anoenderana nekwarinogara. Makarwe anogara mumvura yakashama anowanzoita kuti maziso awo akwire kumusoro pamusoro peaya anogara mumvura ine madhaka kana machakwi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti makarwe emvura yakavhurika anoda kuona pamusoro pemvura kakawanda kudzivirira njodzi.

Mhedzisiro Yekuita Kwevanhu paNgwena Kuiswa Ziso

Kuitwa kwevanhu kwakakanganisa huwandu hwengwena, izvo zvakanganisa nzvimbo yemaziso avo. Kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzinogara vanhu, kusvibiswa, uye kuvhima zvose zvakakonzera kuderera kwehuwandu hwemakarwe. Izvi zvamanikidza makarwe kuti ajairane nemhoteredzo itsva, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa nzvimbo yemaziso awo.

Mhedziso: Magadzirirwo Anonakidza eMakarwe

Makarwe zvisikwa zvinofadza zvakashanduka kwemamiriyoni emakore kuti zvienderane nenharaunda yavo yemumvura. Kuiswa kwavo kwemaziso kwakasiyana ingori imwe yezvigadziriso zvakawanda zvakavabatsira kurarama kwenguva yakareba. Kunzwisisa mabhenefiti ekuva nemeso pamusoro pemisoro yavo kunogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha mune maitiro uye ecology yeizvi zvinoshamisa zvinokambaira.

References: Tsvagiridzo uye Ongororo Yezvinyorwa

• Dinets, V. (2013). Crocodilian binocular vision: Ongororo yakajairika uye kuenzanisa nemamwe mapoka ereptilian. Chinyorwa cheExperimental Biology, 216(5), 788-799.
• Gans, C., & Gans, KD (1975). Biomechanics yejaw apparatus yegarwe remunyu: kushanduka kweiyo yakaoma system. Zoological Journal yeLinnean Society, 57(4), 303-328.
• Harman, AM, & Lange, AB (2007). Ziso rengwena: kukura kwayo, chimiro, uye basa. The Anatomical Record, 290(8), 935-953.
• Platt, SG, Mvura inonaya, TR, & Thorbjarnarson, JB (2010). Iyo ecology uye chimiro chemakarwe muRamsar Convention. Biological Conservation, 143(9), 1825-1832.