Mary Allen
DNA ishinda refu, yakatetepa zvikuru. Inowanikwa musero rimwe nerimwe remunhu mupenyu. Kazhinji inenge iri musero nucleus. Imomo muDNA munochengetwa magadzirirwo nemashandiro anoita chipenyu. DNA chidimbu chezita rekemikari refu.
Unogona kufunga nezveDNA sebhuku rine mirayiridzo yekuvaka chikamu chimwe nechimwe chechinhu chipenyu, semhasuru kana kuti mate. Uyezve, DNA inotaurawo kuti mativi acho anofanira kugadzirwa rini uye kupi.
DNA yakagadzirwa sei?
DNA inoumbwa nezvikamu zvishoma. Unogona kuzvifunga semanera akamonereka. Kunze kwekunze, ine tambo mbiri dzinomonereka dzakatenderedza mumwe se screw uye iyo iyo "rungs" yemanera inosungirirwa. Rungs dzine ruzivo chairwo, dzinonzi "mabhesi". Kune marudzi mana akasiyana azvo.
Iwe unogona kutaura kuti mabhesi ndiwo mavara emirairo yekuvaka. Nguva dzose mabhesi matatu pamwechete anoumba chimwe chinhu sezwi. Kana iwe uchigara uchibatanidza mabhesi mana mumapakiti evatatu, unogona kugadzira akawanda akasiyana "mazwi" ekunyora mirairo yekuvaka nawo.
DNA iri papi mumunhu mupenyu?
Mumabhakitiriya, DNA irin'i iri nyore: sekunge migumo yemanera etambo yakamonyoroka yakakoswa pamwechete kuita denderedzwa. Mavari, mhete iyi inongoyangarara mukati mesero yega yega iyo mabhakitiriya anogadzirwa naro. Mhuka nemiti zvinoumbwa nemasero akawanda, uye rinenge sero rose rine DNA. Mavari, iyo DNA inoshambira munzvimbo yakaparadzana yesero, iyo sero nucleus. Musero rega rega, mune rairo yekuvaka nekudzora chipenyu chose cherudzi urwu.
Muvanhu, kanera kadiki ketambo yeDNA yatinayo musero rega rega inosvika mamita maviri kureba. Kuti ikwane mukati memukati mesero, DNA inofanirwa kurongedzerwa idiki kwazvo. Muvanhu, yakakamurwa kuita zvidimbu makumi mana nezvitanhatu zvinonzi makromosomes. Mune imwe neimwe yemakromozomu, DNA inounganidzwa nenzira yakaoma kunzwisisa zvokuti inoguma yarongedzerwa zvakasimba. Kana mashoko ari muDNA achidiwa, kadikidiki keDNA kanobuditswa, uye michina miduku, mapuroteni, inoverenga mashoko acho nemimwe michina miduku yorongedzazve muDNA. Zvimwe zvipenyu zvinogona kuva nemachromosome akawanda kana mashoma.
Masero anopatsanura kuti awande. Kuti uite izvi, DNA inofanira kupetwa kaviri zvisati zvaitika kuitira kuti masero matsva maviri ave nechiyero chakafanana cheDNA sesero rimwe chete kare. Munguva yekupatsanurwa, ma chromosomes anogoverwa zvakaenzana pakati pemasero maviri matsva. Kana chimwe chinhu chisina kumira zvakanaka mune mamwe masero, izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kuzvirwere zvakadai seDown syndrome.