Maria Allen
#13 Difficulty breathing and wheezing
Due to small nostrils and narrow nasal passages, there is a strained (forced) inhalation. The disproportionate mucosal folds and the overly large soft palate also contribute to this. Difficulty breathing through to shortness of breath and collapse can be the result.
#14 Skin irritation and inflammation
Excess skin causes skin folds to form on the bridge of the nose, which triggers painful skin inflammation.
#15 Eye diseases and blindness
Due to the change in the facial skeleton, the eye sockets are flattened. As a result, the eyes are less protected and the dogs have the "cute googly eyes". In an emergency, the eyeballs protrude (exophthalmos). Squinting is also often observed. The consequences are a restriction of the field of vision and thus reduced eyesight. The skin folds can also cause the eyelids to curl up (entropion). The lid gap can no longer be closed and the eye is unprotected. Consequences are dehydration or even pigmentation of the cornea. The dog can go blind as a result.