Mary Allen
Nkhandwe ndi nyama yolusa. Ndi mtundu wake womwe ndipo ndi kholo la agalu apanyumba amasiku ano. Nkhandwe zimakhalira limodzi m’magulu otchedwa mapaketi. Iwo ali ndi ulamuliro wokhwima ndipo amaimirira wina ndi mzake.
Pali subspecies zosiyanasiyana mimbulu. Ubweya wawo ukhoza kukhala wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri kumakhala imvi kuno. Izi ndizofanana ndi nkhandwe za ku Eurasian, zomwe zimakhala m'madera ambiri a ku Ulaya ndi Asia. Mimbulu imathanso kusiyanasiyana kukula ndi kulemera kwake. Yaikulu kwambiri ndi kukula kwa galu wamkulu wapakhomo ndipo kawirikawiri imalemera makilogalamu 60. Mimbulu imatha kununkhiza bwino komanso kumva bwino kwambiri.
Mimbulu imapezeka ku Europe, Asia, ndi North America. Mimbulu inatsala pang’ono kutheratu m’katikati mwa Ulaya. Masiku ano akuchulukanso chifukwa akutetezedwa m’mayiko ambiri. Kum'maŵa kwa Ulaya ku Balkan, Canada, Russia, kapena Mongolia mungapeze mimbulu yambiri kuposa m'mayiko athu.
Kodi nkhandwe zimakhala bwanji?
Nkhandwe zimamatira limodzi ndipo zimatha kupereka moyo wawo kuti ziteteze gulu lawo. Mimbulu iwiri ndi ana awo nthawi zonse amakhala pagulu. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala ana azaka zam'mbuyomu, mwinanso nyama zina zomwe zapeza malo mu paketi.
Mabwana omwe ali mu paketi ndi makolo. Ana akumvera iwe. Pamene mimbulu imanyamula kukhala mwaufulu, palibe utsogoleri wina. Izi zimangochitika mu ukapolo: nyama zina zimakhala ndi zonena zambiri kuposa zina.
Nyama zotsogola zimatchedwa alpha. Mutha kuwazindikira ndi mchira wawo wa tambala. Nyama ya omega ndi nyama yotsika kwambiri mu paketi. Mutha kuzindikira ndi mchira wokokedwa ndi makutu okhazikika. Chilembo cha alfa ndi choyamba ndipo omega ndi chomaliza mu zilembo zachi Greek.
Mimbulu nthawi zonse imasaka m'magulumagulu. Amatha kuthamanga kwambiri komanso amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Amasankha nyama yofooka kwambiri ndipo amaisaka mpaka itagwa. Kenako amachizungulira, ndipo mtsogoleriyo analumphirapo n’kumupha.
Nkhandwe zimakumana pakati pa Januwale ndi Marichi. Yaikazi imanyamula ana ake pamimba pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Phukusi limakumba dzenje kapena kukulitsa dzenje la nkhandwe. Kumeneko nthawi zambiri mayi amaberekera ana aang’ono anayi kapena asanu ndi mmodzi. Amamwa mkaka wa amayi awo kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi itatu.
Panthawi imeneyi, paketiyo imapatsa mayi chakudya. Amatafuna chakudya cha ana agaluwo n’kuchiika mwachindunji m’kamwa mwa anawo. N’chifukwa chake agalu athu amakonda kunyambita pakamwa pa anthu. Nthawi zina nkhandwe zazing'ono zimatafuna chakudya cha okalamba pomwe sangathenso kuchita okha.
Imodzi ndi imodzi, ana anyamawo amachoka m’dzenjemo pamodzi ndi amayi awo. Pa miyezi isanu amakhala ndi mano ndipo amatha kudya okha. Akakhala ndi chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo, amasiya paketiyo ndikuyang'ana wokwatirana naye ndi gawo latsopano. Kenako adapeza gulu latsopano la nkhandwe.
Kodi nkhandwe ndizowopsa?
Pali nkhani zambiri za nkhandwe. Ena amati Nkhandweyo ndi yoipa ndipo imadya ana ang’onoang’ono. Chinachake chonga ichi chimapezekanso mu nthano ya Little Red Riding Hood. Nkhandwe imawonekeranso m’nthano zingapo. Dzina lake kumeneko ndi Isegrim.
Komabe, Nkhandwe imangoukira anthu pamene ikuwopsezedwa kapena ikatsala pang’ono kufa ndi njala. Mimbulu imakhala yamanyazi ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala kutali ndi anthu pokhapokha ngati itasokonezedwa kapena kuopsezedwa. Choopsa kwambiri ndi kuyandikira kwambiri mayi wokhala ndi ana. Nthawi zina nkhandwe amathanso kudwala matenda a chiwewe, mwa amene amasiya kuopa anthu.
Zitha kuchitika kuti mimbulu imasankha nkhosa kapena mbuzi kukhala nyama. Choncho, alimi ambiri amatsutsa kubwerera kwa nkhandwe. Nthawi zambiri abusa amaweta agalu kuti awateteze ku mimbulu. Agalu amenewa amakula limodzi ndi nkhosa ndipo amaziteteza ku mimbulu. Palinso abulu amene amaopseza mimbulu pokuwa kapena kuwaluma. Mipanda imatha kutetezanso ziweto za mlimi.
Sizoona kuti mimbulu imalira mwezi wathunthu. Komabe, amalira akafuna kuuza gulu lina kuti asayandikire. Nthawi zina amaitana wina ndi mnzake polira.
Ndi mitundu yanji ya nkhandwe yomwe ilipo?
Ngati magulu akuluakulu a nyama sasakanikirana ndi ena, amayamba kukhala ndi malingaliro awo m'mibadwo yambiri. Izi zingakhudze thupi, komanso khalidwe. Mitundu khumi ndi imodzi yamoyo ndi ziwiri zomwe zatha zimawerengedwa ngati nkhandwe. Komabe, zinthu sizili zophweka, chifukwa mitundu ina yamtundu wina imasakanikirananso. Nazi zofunika kwambiri:
Nkhandwe ya ku India ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Amafika mpaka ma kilogalamu makumi awiri. Ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa sichipezanso nyama. Nkhandwe ya Caspian kapena steppe wolf imakhalanso pakati pa Caspian ndi Black Sea. Ndizochepa kwambiri komanso zopepuka. Ilinso pachiwopsezo chachikulu, makamaka chifukwa anthu akuitsatira.
Nkhandwe ya tundra imakhala ku Siberia. Ndi yayikulu kwambiri komanso yoyera kwambiri, kotero sikophweka kuiwona mu chisanu. Ngakhale kuti amasakidwa, nthawi zonse pamakhala chiwerengero chofanana cha nyama. Nkhandwe yaku Russia ili kunyumba ku Russia. Ndiwogwirizana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe ya ku Eurasian, koma yokulirapo pang'ono. Amasakidwa ndipo amatha kugwira mwamphamvu manambala.
Nkhandwe ya ku Arctic imakhala ku Canada Arctic ndi ku Greenland. Nayenso ndi woyera. Ngakhale akusaka, akuchita bwino. Nkhandwe ya Mackenzie imakhala ku North America, makamaka kumpoto. Ndi wamtali kwambiri. Nthawi zina amasaka, koma sakhala pangozi. Nkhandwe yamatabwa imakhala ku Canada ndi USA. Amasakidwa ndipo ali pangozi. Nkhandwe ya ku Mexico imakhala kumwera kwenikweni. Zatsala nyama zosachepera makumi asanu ndipo zili pachiwopsezo cha kutha.
Chinthu chapadera ndi dingo ku Australia. Zinachokera ku agalu akuweta amtchire. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, agalu athu apakhomo ndi amtundu wa nkhandwe.