Chiyambi: Mbalame ya maambulera

Mbalame ya umbrella, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti umbrellabird yakutali, ndi mtundu wa mbalame zazikulu zomwe zili m'gulu la Cotingidae. Amatchulidwa kutengera mtundu wake wooneka ngati ambulera womwe umapezeka mwa amuna okha amtunduwu. Mbalame ya ambulera imapezeka m’nkhalango za m’zigwa za ku Central ndi South America ndipo imadziŵika ndi mikhalidwe yake yapadera ya thupi ndi kadyedwe kake.

Makhalidwe a thupi la mbalame ya maambulera

Mbalame ya ambulera ndi mbalame yaikulu yomwe imatha kufika masentimita 20 m'litali ndi kulemera kwa mapaundi 1.5. Amuna ndi aakulu kuposa aakazi ndipo amadziwika chifukwa cha mphuno yawo yapadera, yomwe imakhala ndi nthenga zazitali zakuda zomwe zimapanga mawonekedwe a dome pamutu pawo. Mphuno yaimuna imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukopa zazikazi panthawi yokweretsa. Koma zazikazi, zimakhala ndi kachidutswa kakang’ono ndipo zimakhala zofiirira. Amuna ndi aakazi ali ndi nthenga zazitali, zopyapyala zomwe zimalendewera kukhosi kwawo, zomwe zimatchedwa wattles, zomwe zimatha kutalika masentimita 14.

Kadyedwe ndi kadyedwe ka maambulera mbalame

Mbalame ya ambulera ndi mbalame ya omnivore yomwe imadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zipatso, tizilombo, ndi nyama zing'onozing'ono. Amadziwika kuti amadya zipatso monga nkhuyu, kanjedza, ndi zipatso. Amadyanso tizilombo monga ziwala, kafadala, ndi mbozi. Mbalame ya maambulera imadziwikanso kuti nthawi zina imadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ngati abuluzi ndi achule.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maambulera a mbalame

Mbalame ya maambulera imapezeka m’nkhalango za m’zigwa za ku Central ndi South America. Mitundu yake imachokera ku Panama kupita ku Bolivia ndi Brazil.

Malo ambalame ya maambulera: nkhalango zamvula

Mbalame ya maambulera imapezeka m’nkhalango za m’zigwa za ku Central ndi South America. Malo ake amakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, zomera zowirira, ndi mitengo yayitali. Mbalameyi imapezeka makamaka padenga la nkhalango, kumene imadya zipatso ndi tizilombo.

Makhalidwe a mbalame za maambulera

M’nkhalango za m’zigwa za ku Central ndi South America ndi kumene kumakhala mbalame za maambulera. Nkhalango zimenezi zimadziwika ndi chinyezi chochuluka, mvula yambiri, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ndi zinyama. M’nkhalangoyi muli mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame monga mbalame zotchedwa toucan, zinkhwe, ndi macaws.

Kufunika kwa malo a mbalame za maambulera

Nkhalango za m’zigwa za ku Central ndi South America ndi malo ofunika kwambiri kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ndi zinyama, kuphatikizapo mbalame za maambulera. Nkhalangozi zimapereka chithandizo chofunikira cha chilengedwe monga kuchotsera mpweya wa carbon, kulamulira madzi, ndi kukhazikika kwa nthaka. Komanso ndi kwawo kwa madera ambiri omwe amadalira nkhalango kuti apeze zofunika pamoyo wawo.

Zowopsa ku malo ambalame ambulera

Nkhalango za m’zigwa za ku Central ndi South America zili pangozi chifukwa cha ntchito zosiyanasiyana za anthu, kuphatikizapo kugwetsa nkhalango, kudula mitengo, ndi ulimi. Zochita zimenezi zachititsa kuti malo okhalamo awonongeke komanso kugawikana, zomwe zakhudza kwambiri mbalame za maambulera ndi zamoyo zina za m’nkhalango.

Kuyesetsa kuteteza malo a mbalamezi

Ntchito zoteteza malo okhala mbalamezi zakhala zikuyang'ana kwambiri njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kusankha malo otetezedwa, kasamalidwe ka nkhalango mosadukiza, ndi njira zosamalira zachilengedwe. Zoyesayesa zimenezi zakhala zachipambano m’kutetezera malo ena a mbalamezi, koma ntchito yowonjezereka ikufunika kuti athetse chiwopsezo chomwe chikuchitika m’nkhalango za m’zigwa za Central ndi South America.

Ntchito ya ambulera mbalame mu chilengedwe

Mbalame ya ambulera imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa zachilengedwe za m’nkhalango za m’zigwa za ku Central ndi South America. Monga nyama yamchere, imathandiza kufalitsa mbewu ndi kusunga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera m’nkhalango. Imagwiranso ntchito ngati chilombo cha tizilombo ndi tinyama ting'onoting'ono, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chilengedwe chisamayende bwino.

Kutsiliza: tanthauzo la malo okhala ambulera mbalame

Nkhalango zachigwa za ku Central ndi South America ndizo malo ofunikira a mbalame za maambulera ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya zomera ndi zinyama. Nkhalangozi zimapereka chithandizo chofunikira pazachilengedwe ndipo ndi komwe kumakhala madera ambiri amtunduwu. Komabe, iwo ali pachiopsezo ndi zochita zosiyanasiyana za anthu, ndipo kuyesayesa kowonjezereka kowatetezera kumafunika kuwatetezera.

Maumboni owonjezera pa maambulera mbalame ndi malo ake

• "Mbalame ya Umbrella." National Geographic Society, www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/umbrella-bird/.
• "Umbrellabird." The Cornell Lab of Ornithology, www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Umbrellabird/.
• "Mitsinje ya Lowland Rainforests." WWF, www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0123.