Mary Allen
Mbalame yotchedwa harpy ( Harpia harpyja ) ndi mbalame yaikulu kwambiri, yomangidwa mwamphamvu. Mitunduyi imapezeka m’nkhalango zotentha za ku Central ndi South America, zisa za “zimphona zazikulu za m’nkhalango” zomwe zili pamwamba pa dengalo, ndipo zimadya kwambiri masilo ndi anyani.
Mphungu ya harpy imapezeka makamaka ku South America, m'mayiko monga Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, ndi kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa Argentina. Mitunduyi imapezekanso kumadera a Mexico ndi Central America, ngakhale kuti anthu ake ndi ochepa kwambiri.
Kodi azeze amakhala kuti?
Zimatenga zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zisanu ndi zitatu kuti mwanapiyewo akule msinkhu. Chiwombankhanga sichipezeka kawirikawiri kutchire. Amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha komanso m'nkhalango zotentha za Central ndi South America.
Kodi harpy ndi yoopsa bwanji?
Koma zimenezi n’zoopsa kwambiri kwa azeze,” anachenjeza motero Krist. Amathamanga kwambiri, akumenya mwamphamvu kwambiri popanda chenjezo lililonse. Kudzidalira kwakukulu, khalidwe laukali limene mbalame zodya nyamazi zimatetezera gawo lawo zimakhalanso ndi zotsatira kwa alonda.
Kodi mungawone kuti azeze?
M'malo osungira nyama ku Europe, azeze amatha kuwoneka ku Tierpark Berlin ndi ku French Zoo Beauval, kuphatikiza kusungidwa ku Nuremberg Zoo. Mu 2002, Harpy womaliza adaswa ku Nuremberg Zoo. Mkaziyo akukhalabe ku Nuremberg lero.
Kodi harpy wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi wamkulu bwanji?
Kuwonjezera pa kukhala imodzi mwa mbalame zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, harpy akhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi mbalame yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe imadya nyama. Mapiko a harpy amatalika mpaka mamita awiri ndipo zazikazi, zomwe zimalemera kuposa zazimuna, zimatha kulemera ma kilos asanu ndi anayi.
Kodi harpy ndi mphungu?
Pa ma kilogalamu asanu ndi anayi, harpy ndiye mtundu wa chiwombankhanga cholemera kwambiri chomwe chilipo masiku ano. Munthu wokhala m’nkhalango, moyo wake uli wofanana ndi wa nkhono kuposa chiwombankhanga chagolide. Mosiyana ndi mbalamezi, mbalame sizikhala pamwamba pa chakudya, koma sloths ndi anyani.
Kodi mbalame yoopsa kwambiri padziko lonse ndi iti?
Harpies ndi mbalame zamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mphamvu m'zikhadabo zawo ndi yaikulu kwambiri moti amatha kugwira ndi kupha nyama ndi mphamvu yopitirira ma kilogalamu 50.
Ndi mbalame iti yomwe imaimira imfa?
Chifukwa cha moyo wake wausiku, kadzidzi ankaonedwa ngati mbalame ya kumanda, mbalame yamaliro ndi mbalame yakufa. Maonekedwe ake anatanthauza nkhondo, njala, matenda ndi imfa.
Kodi kwatsala azeze angati?
Zamoyo zosakanizidwa zokhala ndi thupi la mbalame yodya nyama, mapiko a mbalame ndi mutu wa mkazi zinabweretsa zoipa ndi kuba ana ndi chakudya. Ndi kutalika kwa mita imodzi, chiwombankhanga cha harpy cha ku South America ndi chimodzi mwa mbalame zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zikuoneka kuti kwatsala makope 50,000.
Kodi mbalame yamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi iti?
Mbalame yotchedwa harpy ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimadya nyama padziko lonse lapansi ndipo mosakayikira ndi mbalame yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe imadya nyama. Thupi ndi lolimba kwambiri, mapiko ake ndi aafupi komanso otambasuka, pomwe mchira ndi wautali.
Kodi chiwombankhanga chimapha ndi chiyani?
Kudula mitengo ndi kuwombera ndizo ziwopsezo zazikulu ziwiri zomwe zingayambitse kupulumuka kwa Harpy Eagles.
Kodi mphungu zingati zatsala padziko lapansi?
Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti pali anthu ochepera 50,000 omwe atsala kuthengo. Kuwonongeka kosalekeza ndi kuwonongeka kwa Amazon ya ku Brazil chifukwa cha chitukuko cha anthu kungapangitse zamoyo kukhala pansi pa chitsenderezo chachikulu m'magulu ake akuluakulu.
Kodi chiwombankhanga chimasowa chotani?
Chiwombankhanga chimaonedwa kuti chili pangozi yaikulu ku Mexico ndi Central America, kumene chinachotsedwa m'madera ake ambiri; ku Mexico, kale ankapezeka kumpoto chakumpoto monga Veracruz, koma masiku ano mwina amapezeka kokha ku Chiapas mu Selva Zoque.
Kodi chiwombankhanga chinadya chiyani?
Mphungu ya Harpy (mfumu ya denga la nkhalango yamvula) ili pamwamba pa mndandanda wa chakudya pamodzi ndi Anaconda (mfumu ya madambo ndi nyanja) ndi Jaguar (mfumu ya nkhalango). Ilibe zilombo zachilengedwe.
Kodi chiwombankhanga champhamvu kwambiri ndi chiyani?
Harpy Eagles ndi ziwombankhanga zamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi zolemera 9 kgs (19.8 lbs.) Zokhala ndi mapiko otalika mamita 2 (6.5 mapazi). Mapiko awo ndi ofupika kwambiri kuposa mbalame zina zazikulu chifukwa amafunika kuyenda m'malo okhala nkhalango zowirira.
Kodi mphungu ingatenge munthu?
Ziwombankhanga zimadziwa kuti anthu akhoza kukhala oopsa, koma makamaka zimaopa kuti anthu ndi aakulu kwambiri kuposa iwo. Pachifukwa ichi, ziwombankhanga siziyesa kunyamula munthu. Adzafunika mphamvu kuchokera m'dzikoli kuti akweze munthu wamba yemwe amalemera pafupifupi mapaundi 150.
Kodi mbalame yamphamvu kwambiri ndi iti?
Mphungu ya harpy imatenga dzina la mbalame yamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti siili yaikulu kwambiri pandandanda, chiwombankhanga cha harpy chimatsimikizira kuti n’choyenerera kuzindikiridwa ndi mphamvu zake, liwiro lake, ndi luso lake.
Kodi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi iti?
Mbalame zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kukula ndi kulemera kwake, ndizosakayikitsa kuti nthiwatiwa. Mbalamezi zimatalika mpaka mamita 9 ndipo zimatha kulemera mapaundi 2.7 (makilogramu 287), malinga ndi San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance (itsegulidwa mu tabu yatsopano).
Ndi mbalame iti yomwe ingakweze munthu?
Miyala yawo ndi yayitali kuposa zikhadabo za chimbalangondo (kupitirira mainchesi asanu), ndipo kugwira kwake kumatha kuboola chigaza chamunthu mosavuta. Amadya kwambiri anyani ndi masilo, amanyamula nyama zolemera mapaundi 20 ndi zina zambiri.