Kodi nchiyani chimapangitsa nkhumba kukhala choyamwitsa chotuluka m'mimba?

Mau Oyamba: Kumvetsetsa Zilombo Zoyamwitsa

Nyama zoyamwitsa ndi gulu la nyama zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafanana. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za nyama zoyamwitsa n’chakuti zimabereka zikakhala zazing’ono. Komabe, si ana onse obadwa m’njira yofanana. Ena amabadwa ali okhwima mokwanira ndi okonzeka kuyenda okha, pamene ena amabadwa osatetezeka kwambiri ndipo amafuna chisamaliro chowonjezereka kuchokera kwa amayi awo. Nyama zoyamwitsa za m'ma placenta zimagwera m'gulu lomaliza, ndipo zimayimira mitundu yambiri ya mammalian.

Kufotokozera Zilombo Zoyamwitsa: Kodi Iwo Ndi Chiyani?

Zilombo zoyamwitsa ndi gulu la zoyamwitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi njira yoberekera yapadera. Mosiyana ndi nyama zotchedwa marsupial, zomwe zimabereka ana osakula omwe amapitirizabe kukula kunja kwa thupi la mayiyo, zoyamwitsa za m’mimba zimakhala ndi chiwalo chotchedwa placenta chimene chimadyetsa mwana amene akukula m’mimba mwa mayiyo. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti nyama zoyamwitsa za m’mimba zibereke ana okhwima bwino omwe amatha kukhala bwinobwino m’malo awo. Nyama zoyamwitsa zoyamwitsa zimadziwikanso ndi mano awo, omwe ndi apadera pazakudya zapadera, komanso kuthekera kwawo kupanga mkaka kuti adyetse ana awo.

Kusintha kwa Zinyama Zoyamwitsa

Zilombo zoyamwitsa zoyamwitsa zinachokera ku gulu la zoyamwitsa zoyambirira zotchedwa therapsids. Nyama zimenezi zinkakhala m’nthawi ya Permian, yomwe inatenga zaka pafupifupi 298 mpaka 252 miliyoni zapitazo. Panthawiyi, nyengo yapadziko lapansi inali yotentha komanso yowuma, ndipo makontinenti ambiri padziko lapansi adalumikizana kudera lalikulu kwambiri lotchedwa Pangaea. Therapsids anatha kuzolowera malo osinthikawa mwa kupanga mano ndi nsagwada zapadera zomwe zimawalola kudya zakudya zamitundumitundu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mankhwala ochiritsira anasintha kukhala magulu osiyanasiyana a zinyama, kuphatikizapo monotremes, marsupials, ndi zinyama zoyamwitsa.

Kodi N'chiyani Chimachititsa Nkhumba Kukhala Nyama Yoyamwitsa?

Nkhumba zimatchulidwa kuti ndi zinyama zoyamwitsa chifukwa zimakhala ndi placenta yomwe imadyetsa ana awo omwe akukula. Nkhumba zili m'gulu la Artiodactyla, lomwe limaphatikizapo zinyama zina zokhala ndi ziboda zogawanika monga nswala, ng'ombe, ndi nkhosa. Mofanana ndi nyama zina zoyamwitsa zotuluka m’mimba, nkhumba ili ndi mano ndi nsagwada zapadera zomwe zimawathandiza kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Amathanso kutulutsa mkaka kuti adyetse ana awo.

The Placenta: Mbali yofunika ya Nkhumba

Phula ndi gawo lalikulu la nkhumba ndi nyama zina zoyamwitsa. Ndi chiwalo chapadera chomwe chimalola mwana wosabadwayo kulandira zakudya ndi mpweya kuchokera m'magazi a mayi. Phula limatulutsanso zinyalala m’mwana wosabadwayo ndipo zimathandiza kuchepetsa kutentha kwake. Phula limapangidwa kuchokera ku minofu ya amayi ndi mwana wosabadwayo, ndipo limamangiriridwa ku khoma la chiberekero. Mu nkhumba, thumba latuluka limaoneka ngati disiki ndipo m’mimba mwake muli pafupifupi masentimita 14.

Nkhumba ndi Zilombo Zina Zoyamwitsa: Zofanana

Nkhumba zimakhala ndi makhalidwe ambiri ndi zinyama zina zoyamwitsa. Ali ndi tsitsi kapena ubweya, amatulutsa mkaka wodyetsa ana awo, ndipo ali ndi mtima wa zipinda zinayi. Amakhalanso ndi diaphragm, yomwe ndi minofu yomwe imalekanitsa chifuwa cha m'mimba ndi m'mimba ndipo imathandiza kuti mpweya uzipuma. Mofanana ndi nyama zina za m’mimba, nkhumba ili ndi ubongo wokhwima kwambiri ndipo imatha kuphunzira ndi kuthetsa mavuto.

Kusiyana Pakati pa Nkhumba ndi Zilombo Zina Zoyamwitsa

Ngakhale kuti nkhumba zimagawana makhalidwe ambiri ndi zinyama zina za placenta, zimakhalanso zosiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, nkhumba ndi omnivorous, kutanthauza kuti zimadya zomera ndi zinyama. Izi ndi zosiyana ndi zinyama zina za m'mimba, monga ng'ombe, zomwe zimadya udzu. Nkhumba zimakhalanso ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yogayitsa chakudya kuposa nyama zina za m'mimba, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti atenge zakudya kuchokera ku zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhumba zimamva kununkhiza kwambiri kuposa nyama zina zambiri zoyamwitsa, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kupeza chakudya komanso kupewa adani.

Kufunika Kophunzira Zoyamwitsa Zoyamwitsa

Kuwerenga nyama zoyamwitsa zoyamwitsa ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse kusinthika kwa moyo Padziko Lapansi. Nyama zoyamwitsa zoyamwitsa zakhala ndi mbiri yakale komanso zovuta kumvetsa, ndipo zachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhalamo. Pophunzira za nyama zoyamwitsa zotuluka m’mimba, asayansi angaphunzire zambiri za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo padziko lapansili, komanso njira zimene zachititsa kuti zamoyo zisinthe m’kupita kwa nthawi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuphunzira zoyamwitsa zam'mimba kungatithandize kumvetsetsa zamoyo wamunthu komanso chisinthiko.

Kafukufuku Wamtsogolo pa Zinyama Zoyamwitsa

Palinso zambiri zoti tiphunzire zokhudza nyama zoyamwitsa za m'mimba ndi mmene zinasinthira. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo angayang'ane pakumvetsetsa njira zama genetic ndi thupi zomwe zimalola zoyamwitsa za placenta kukula ndikukula bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana. Asayansi amathanso kuphunzira momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyama zoyamwitsa, komanso maudindo omwe nyama zoyamwitsa zakhala zikuchita m'mbiri ya moyo wapadziko lapansi.

Kutsiliza: Kuyamikira Kusiyanasiyana kwa Moyo

Nyama zoyamwitsa zoyamwitsa zimayimira gulu la nyama zosiyanasiyana komanso zochititsa chidwi zomwe zasintha masinthidwe ake kuti zikhale ndi moyo komanso kuchita bwino m'malo awo. Kuyambira pa nkhumba kupita ku anamgumi mpaka anthu, nyama zoyamwitsa zoyamwitsa zakhala zikuchita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakupanga dziko limene tikukhalali masiku ano. Pophunzira zoyamwitsa zam'mimba, titha kuyamikiridwa mozama za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo Padziko Lapansi, komanso njira zovuta zomwe zapangitsa kuti zamoyo zisinthe ndikusintha pakapita nthawi.