Mary Allen
Popeza madzi amchere amawononga thupi, nsomba za m’madzi amchere zimamwa. M'madzi opanda mchere, kuchuluka kwa osmotic kumapangitsa kuti nsomba zimire, chifukwa zilibe njira yochotsera madzi ochulukirapo. Koma nsomba ya m’madzi opanda mchere inkauma m’madzi amchere.
Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani nsomba yam'madzi ilowa m'madzi amchere?
Nsomba zambiri za m'madzi opanda mchere sizingakhale ndi moyo m'madzi a m'nyanja, koma nsomba zambiri za m'nyanja zimapita kumapiri kapena kumunsi kwa mitsinje, kwa nthawi yochepa. Pafupifupi mitundu 3,000 ya nsomba monga salimoni, sturgeon, eels kapena sticklebacks zimatha kukhala m'madzi opanda mchere komanso m'madzi am'nyanja pakapita nthawi.
Kodi nsomba zimapulumuka bwanji m'madzi amchere?
Ndikofunika kwa nyama za m'nyanja kuti kupanikizika m'maselo awo - otchedwa osmotic pressure - kumatsutsana ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi akunja kuti athe kupulumuka m'madzi amchere. Apo ayi, maselo awo amatha kuphulika kapena kuphulika.
N'chifukwa chiyani nsomba zimalekerera madzi amchere?
Kuchuluka kwa mchere wosungunuka m'thupi la nsomba ndipamwamba kuposa m'madzi a mitsinje kapena nyanja. Chifukwa chake, molingana ndi mfundo ya osmosis, nsomba zokha - komanso mosadziwa - zimamwa madzi ochulukirapo kuposa momwe zimafunikira. Amachotsa madzi owonjezerawa ndi mkodzo wosungunuka kwambiri - "amasiya madzi".
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ku maselo a nyama mumchere ndi madzi abwino?
Nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'madzi amchere zimakhala ndi mchere wambiri m'maselo awo kusiyana ndi madzi amchere omwe amawazungulira. Choncho, nsombazi zimatchedwanso hypoosmotic. Chifukwa cha osmosis, madzi amatuluka m'maselo. Kuthamanga kwa madzi kumachitika motsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere wosungunuka.
N’chifukwa chiyani nsomba za m’madzi amchere sizifa ndi ludzu?
Nsomba za m’madzi amchere zili ndi mchere mkati mwake, koma kunja kwake zimazunguliridwa ndi madzi okhala ndi mchere wambiri, womwe ndi nyanja yamchere. Choncho, nsomba nthawi zonse imataya madzi kunyanja. Akhoza kufa ndi ludzu ngati sakanamwa mosalekeza kuti awonjezere madzi otayikawo.
Kodi nsomba za salimoni zimatha bwanji kukhala m'madzi abwino komanso amchere?
Nsomba zam'madzi ndi zamchere zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Komabe, izi zimatha kusintha kuchokera ku dongosolo lina kupita ku lina pamitundu ina. Nsomba zoyenda mtunda wautali monga salimoni zimatha kusintha kagayidwe kake, mwachitsanzo, kuchoka mumchere kupita kukudya mchere kudzera muzakudya.
Kodi nsomba imatha kuphulika?
Koma nditha kungoyankha funso lofunikira pamutuwu ndi YES kuchokera pazomwe ndakumana nazo. Nsomba zimatha kuphulika.
Ndi nsomba ziti?
Odziwa bwino maphunzirowa ndi nsomba za salimoni, zomwe zimasiya madzi a m'nyanja kuti zibereke ndi kusambira m'mitsinje yamadzi opanda mchere kupita kumene anabadwira.
Kodi nsomba imatha kugona?
Pisces, komabe, sichinatheretu m'tulo tawo. Ngakhale kuti amachepetsa chidwi chawo, sagwera mu gawo la tulo tofa nato. Nsomba zina zimagona cham’mbali kuti zigone, mofanana ndi mmene ife timachitira.
Kodi nsomba zimamwa bwanji madzi?
Nsomba za m'madzi nthawi zonse zimatenga madzi kudzera m'matumbo ndi m'thupi ndikutulukanso kudzera mumkodzo. Choncho nsomba ya m'madzi opanda mchere siyenera kumwa, koma imadya chakudya pamodzi ndi madzi kudzera m'kamwa mwake (pambuyo pake, imasambiramo!).
Kodi nsomba zingakhale ndi ludzu?
Nsomba za m’madzi amchere zimafunika kumwa kapena zidzafa ndi ludzu. Nsomba za m’madzi amchere zimafunika kumwa kapena zidzafa ndi ludzu. Anthu amakhala ndi pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya madzi, omwe amawatulutsa kudzera mu thukuta kapena pokodza ndipo amafunikiranso kusintha.
Kodi nsomba zimatulutsa bwanji mkodzo?
Pofuna kusunga malo awo amkati, nsomba za m'madzi opanda mchere zimayamwa Na+ ndi Cl- kudzera m'maselo a chloride pamatumbo awo. Nsomba zam'madzi zimatenga madzi ambiri kudzera mu osmosis. Zotsatira zake, amamwa pang'ono ndikukodza pafupifupi nthawi zonse.
Kodi nsomba zapakati pa nyanja ndi madzi abwino mumazitcha chiyani?
Mitundu yomwe imasamuka nthawi zonse pakati pa nyanja ndi madzi abwino imatchedwa amphidromic pamene kusamuka kumeneku sikuli kwa kubalana. Zifukwa za kusamuka kumeneku ndi kudya kapena nyengo yozizira.
Ndi nsomba iti yomwe imakhala mumchere ndi madzi abwino ndipo ndiyotchuka kwambiri kusuta?
Mudzapeza nsomba zambiri za sturgeon, eel za mitsinje, nsomba za salimoni, ndi zosungunulira.
Kodi nsomba imatha kutuluka thukuta?
Kodi nsomba zimatha kutuluka thukuta? Ayi! Nsomba sizituluka thukuta. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, nsombazi sizingathe kuzizira mpaka kufa m'madzi ozizira, chifukwa nsomba ndi nyama zozizira, mwachitsanzo, zimasintha kutentha kwa thupi lawo ndipo motero kayendedwe kake ka thupi ndi kagayidwe kake kamakhala kogwirizana ndi kutentha komwe kuli.
Kodi nsomba ili ndi impso?
Impso zofiira zakuda za nsomba zimakhala zazitali komanso zopapatiza ndipo zimathamanga pansi pa msana kupita ku ma ureters awiri, omwe amatsegula chikhodzodzo. Ntchito ya impso ndi kutulutsa madzi ndi mkodzo.
Kodi nsomba ndi nyama?
Nsomba ndi zamagazi ozizira, zamoyo zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi mamba ndi mamba. Mosiyana ndi zamoyo zambiri zapamtunda, nsomba zimayenda mozungulira msana wawo. Nsomba za mafupa zimakhala ndi chikhodzodzo chosambira.