Mary Allen
Muzokonda za aquarium, zonse zimatengera madzi mu thanki. Ngati angafanane ndi anthu okhala m'dziwe, zonse zidzayenda bwino, koma ngati mtengo sukuyenda bwino, dongosolo lonselo likuwopseza kugwetsa. Apa mutha kudziwa kuti ndi mfundo ziti zomwe zikuyenera kusiyanitsa komanso momwe mungawasungire.
Madzi Si Madzi Nthawi Zonse
M'chilengedwe, pali malo ambiri momwe zolengedwa zapansi pamadzi zimawononga. Kuchokera kuzinthu zovuta monga madzi a m'nyanja kapena madzi amchere, munthu akhoza kupanga masitepe ang'onoang'ono, mwachitsanzo ndi kugawanika kukhala "matanthwe", "madzi otseguka" ndi "madzi a brackish"; pamadzi opanda mchere, munthu amakumana ndi magulu monga "madzi osasunthika" kapena "madzi oyenda okhala ndi mafunde amphamvu". M'madera onsewa, madzi ali ndi makhalidwe enieni, omwe amadalira zinthu monga nyengo, zigawo, ndi kuwonongeka kwa organic ndi organic.
Nkhani Yapadera: Mtengo Wamadzi mu Aquarium
Tikayang'ana dziko lapansi mu aquarium, chinthu chonsecho chimakhala chapadera kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi chilengedwe, beseni ndi dongosolo lotsekedwa, lomwe silimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilengedwe ndi nyengo; Kupatula apo, dziwe lili mnyumbamo ndipo silimakumana ndi mphepo ndi nyengo. Mfundo inanso ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi: Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi, zolakwika zazing'ono, zosintha kapena kusintha kumakhudza kwambiri madzi kuposa momwe zikanakhalira, mwachitsanzo, m'nyanja ya 300m² - osasiyapo poyera. nyanja.
Ndikofunikira kuyambira pachiyambi kuti musankhe zosungira za aquarium yanu kuti nsomba ndi zomera zikhale ndi zofunikira zomwezo pa malo awo. Sizimagwira ntchito kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana. Ngati muli ndi kusankha kwa anthu okhala padziwe omwe ali ndi chilengedwe chofanana, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa zolondola zamadzi musanayambe. Sikofunikira kutengera mtundu wamadzi amtundu wa 100%. Izi sizingatheke ngakhale m'madzi am'madzi abwinobwino, ndipo ambiri okhalamo mwina adzakhala ana omwe sanakulire m'malo achilengedwe. Cholinga chomwe chalengezedwa ndichofunika kwambiri kukhala ndi madzi okhazikika omwe amafanana ndi zosowa za nsomba ndi zomera kuti mulingo wathanzi ukhale mu thanki pakapita nthawi.
Makhalidwe 7 Ofunika Kwambiri a Madzi
Nitrate (NO3)
Pothyola masamba a zomera zakufa kapena ndowe za nsomba, mwachitsanzo, ammonium (NH4) ndi ammonia (NH3) amapangidwa mu Aquarium. Ammonia ndi poizoni kwambiri. Mwamwayi, pali magulu a 2 a mabakiteriya omwe amasintha pang'onopang'ono zinthuzi. Gulu loyamba limawatembenuza kukhala poizoni wa nitrite (NO2). Gulu lachiwiri limagwiritsa ntchito nitrite ndikusandutsa nitrate yopanda vuto (NO3). Nitrate yochulukirapo mpaka 35 mg / l imakhala yodziwika bwino m'madzi amadzi okhazikika ndipo sichivulaza nsomba zanu. Ndipo ndizopindulitsa pakukula kwa zomera zanu: Zimawapatsa nayitrogeni wambiri, yemwe amafunikira kwambiri. Koma samalani: kuyika kwambiri kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa. Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, koma muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mtengo uwu kuti mukhale otetezeka.
Nitrite (NO2)
Nitrite (NO2) imatha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha nsomba zanu ndi anthu ena okhala m'madzi. Izi siziyenera kuzindikirika mu aquarium poyesa madzi okhazikika. Ngati zichitika, muyenera kufunafuna mwachangu aquarium yanu kuti mupeze mawanga owola. Zomera zakufa ndi nsomba zakufa m'dziwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa khalidwe la madzi. Chotsani ndikusintha madzi pang'ono (pafupifupi 80%). Musadye kwa masiku atatu otsatira ndipo muyenera kusintha madzi 3% tsiku lililonse. Zitachitika ngozi, yang'anani kuchuluka kwa madzi kamodzi patsiku kwa masiku osachepera 10. Kuchulukitsitsa kochulukira kosungirako kumawonetsa chiwopsezo cha kuchuluka kwa nitrite.
Pali nthawi imodzi yokha pamene kuwonjezeka kwa nitrite m'madzi kumaloledwa ndi kofunikira: gawo lothamanga. Mtengowo umakwera mofulumira mkati mwa masiku angapo ndikugwanso. Apa wina amalankhula za "nsonga ya nitrite". Ngati nitrite sichidziwikanso, nsomba zimatha kulowa mu thanki.
Phindu la PH
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri kunja kwa aquarium ndi pH mtengo. Izi zikufotokozera kuchuluka kwa acidity komwe kumakhalapo m'madzi aliwonse. Imawonetsedwa pamlingo womwe umachokera ku acidic (pH 0- <7) mpaka yoyambira (pH> 7-14). Mtengo wosalowerera ndale uli pa pH mtengo wa 7. Mu aquarium (malingana ndi chiwerengero cha nsomba ndi zomera), mfundo zozungulira izi pakati pa 6 ndi 8 nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino. Koposa zonse, ndikofunikira kuti pH ikhale yosasintha. Ikasinthasintha, anthu okhala m'dziwelo amachita chidwi kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi nkhawa. Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kuyang'ana mtengo uwu kamodzi pa sabata. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, kuuma koyenera kwa carbonate kungathandize apa.
Kuuma kwathunthu (GH)
Kuuma kwathunthu (GH) kumawonetsa zomwe zili mumchere wosungunuka m'madzi - makamaka calcium ndi magnesium. Ngati zili pamwambazi, madziwo amati ndi ovuta; ngati ali otsika, madziwo ndi ofewa. Kuuma kwathunthu kumaperekedwa mu ° dH (= digiri ya kuuma kwa Germany). Ndikofunikira pazochitika zonse zamtundu wa aquarium ndipo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ngati mukufuna kuswana. Mofanana ndi pH mtengo, ndikofunikira apa kuti GH igwirizane ndi nsomba.
Kulimba kwa carbonate (KH)
Palinso "kuuma mtengo" mu Aquarium: Kulimba kwa carbonate (KH) kumawonetsa zomwe zili mu hydrogen carbonate yomwe imasungunuka m'madzi. Mtengo uwu watchulidwa kale pa mtengo wa pH chifukwa KH imagwira ntchito ngati chitetezo chake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imakhazikika pH ndikuletsa kusintha kuti zisachitike mwachangu. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kuuma kwa carbonate si mtengo wokhazikika. Zimakhudzidwa ndi njira zamoyo zomwe zimachitika mu aquarium.
Mpweya woipa (CO2)
Kenako, timafika ku carbon dioxide (CO2). Monga anthufe, nsomba zimadya mpweya pamene zikupuma ndipo zimatulutsa mpweya woipa ngati metabolism - mu aquarium izi zimapita m'madzi. Zilinso chimodzimodzi ndi zomera, mwa njira: zimadya CO2 masana ndipo zimatulutsa mpweya wothandiza kuchokera mmenemo, koma usiku ndondomekoyi imasinthidwa ndipo iwonso amakhala opanga carbon dioxide. Mtengo wa CO2 - monga pH mtengo - uyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse, chifukwa ukhoza kukhala ngozi yeniyeni kwa nsomba, kumbali ina, ndiyofunikira kwa zomera. Muyenera kuyang'ana pafupipafupi CO2, KH, ndi pH mtengo chifukwa zimakhudzana: Mwachitsanzo, kusinthasintha kwakung'ono kwa CO2 kumabweretsa kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa pH, makamaka ngati KH ili yotsika.
Oxygen (O2)
Oxygen (O2) mwina ndi yofunika kwambiri (yofunika) yamtengo wapatali mu aquarium, chifukwa popanda izo, ngakhale nsomba kapena zomera kapena mabakiteriya opindulitsa, omwe amachotsa madzi owononga, sangakhale ndi moyo. Oxygen imalowa m'madzi a dziwe makamaka kudzera mu zomera (masana), pamwamba pa madzi, ndi teknoloji yowonjezera monga ma aerators ndi miyala ya mpweya.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu Zosamalira Madzi
Tsopano popeza tayang'ana mwachidule zamtengo wapatali wamadzi, tikufuna kufotokoza mwachidule momwe zikhalidwezi zingakhazikitsire ndikuwongoleredwa m'njira yothandiza: zomwe ndi zowongolera ndi zowongolera madzi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muyang'ana pa malo osamalira madzi m'sitolo ya ziweto, pali mankhwala enaake a mtengo uliwonse wamadzi omwe amayenera kubweretsanso kumtengo wokwanira. Ndikofunika kutsindika kuti angathandize pamlingo wakutiwakuti: ngati, mwachitsanzo, mgwirizano pakati pa tanki ndi nsomba za nsomba ndizolakwika, ngakhale zopangira madzi zabwino kwambiri sizingathandizire kuti chilengedwe chikhale chokwanira kwa nthawi yaitali.
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti zowongolera ndi zowongolera madzi sizothandiza: zimangofunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala. Chifukwa chake, monga oyambira pachisangalalo cha aquarium, muyenera kuthana ndi vuto la mtengo wamadzi musanayambe kumenyana ndi zoziziritsa madzi zosiyanasiyana pambuyo pake kuti mupeze madzi abwino.