Mary Allen
"Ha, ndimaganiza kuti masamba ndi mbewu?!", "Kodi tsambalo lasunthadi?" Kapenanso, “Zimenezi n’zosadabwitsa!” Ndi mawu omwe mumatha kumva pafupipafupi mukakumana koyamba ndi Masamba Oyenda. Kapena monga momwe wophunzira wanga wakale ananenera mwachidule kuti: “Wow! Full LOL ".
Kuyenda Masamba?
Masamba oyenda ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe sitingasiyanitsidwe ndi masamba "enieni" akunja (makamaka m'masamba, osasiya m'nkhalango!) Komanso amasangalatsa m'makhalidwe awo. Mwachitsanzo, zikaulutsidwa ndi mphepo, zimagwedezeka uku ndi uku ngati masamba amphepo. M'kati mwa chisinthiko, kubisala, komwe kuli kolondola mwasayansi monga "mimetic", kwakhala kwangwiro ndipo kumateteza ku zilombo. Zoonadi, amene sanadziŵike sadzakhala pamwambi wamwambi.
Masamba oyenda ndi obisika kwambiri moti ngakhale alimi odziwa zambiri amavutika kuona tizilombo tomwe tikuyenda m'masamba. Mwa njira, kutsatira ndi ntchito yomwe imakhala yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa nthawi zonse. Ndipo ngati mumachita mozama ndi banja ili la tizilombo, mumaphunziranso kuyang'anitsitsa - chinthu chomwe sichili chachibadwa mu nthawi yathu yofulumira. Kuphatikiza pa chidwi chomwe amakhala nacho pa anthu, masamba oyenda alinso ndi mwayi waukulu: Ndiosavuta kuwasamalira ndipo ndi oyeneranso oyamba kumene ku terraristics.
Masamba oyenda samangoyenda masamba, chifukwa mkati mwa banja ili la tizilombo, pafupifupi mitundu 50 imasiyanitsidwa, kapena mitundu yambiri yakhala ikufotokozedwa mwasayansi mpaka pano. Popeza kuti msonkho watsopano umapezeka nthawi zonse, tingaganize kuti chiwerengerocho chidzawonjezeka m'tsogolomu.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira masamba oyenda, komabe, si mitundu yambiri yomwe imakayikira. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yomwe imapezeka ku Germany terrariums mwina ndi Phyllium siccifolium yochokera ku Philippines. Asayansi ena amaganiza kuti zamoyozi, zomwe zimasungidwa ku Ulaya, ndi zamoyo zosiyana zomwe zimatha kutchedwa Phyllium philippinicum. Komabe, malingaliro awa sagawidwa ndi akatswiri onse. Otsutsa amatsutsa kuti msonkho wotsirizayo ndi wosakanizidwa wosadziwika. Zikhale momwe zingakhalire: Ngati mukuyang'ana Masamba Oyenda pamasamba oyenerera, nyama zimaperekedwa pansi pa mayina onse awiri omwe angathe kusamalidwa ndi mikhalidwe yoweta yomwe ili pansipa.
Pa Biology ndi Biological Systematics
Banja la masamba oyenda (Phylliidae) ndi la dongosolo la mizimu yowopsya (Phasmatodea, gr. Phasma, ghost), yomwe imaphatikizansopo zoopsa zenizeni komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pankhani ya masamba oyenda, amuna ndi akazi amawonekera mosiyana kwambiri. Dimorphism ya kugonana ya Phyllium imasonyezedwa, mwa zina, mu mphamvu yake yowuluka. Zazikazi zosauluka zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri komanso zolemera kuposa zazimuna zowuluka ndipo zimakhala ndi mapiko olimba kwambiri. Amuna amakhala ocheperako, opepuka kulemera kwake, ndipo mapiko ake am'tsogolo ndi ang'onoang'ono. Masamba oyenda ena amatha kupanga namwali (parthenogenesis), i. H. Akazi amatha kubereka ngakhale opanda mwamuna. Parthenogenesis imatengedwa kuti yatsimikiziridwa mu Phyllium giganteum ndi Phyllium bioculatum.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro achilengedwe, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwona kusinthika kwa miyendo kapena kuwona momwe masamba oyenda amafa (reflex of dead-dead reflex imadziwika kuti thanatose) akamawopsezedwa.
Kugawidwa Kwachilengedwe, Zakudya, ndi Moyo
Kugawidwa kwachilengedwe kwa Phylliidae kumachokera ku Seychelles kupita ku India, China, Philippines, Indonesia, ndi New Guinea mpaka kuzilumba za Fiji. Malo ogawa kwambiri ndi Southeast Asia. Phyllium siccifolium imapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaku India, China, Malaysia, ndi Philippines. M'nyumba zotentha komanso zotentha, tizilombo ta phytophagous (= kudya masamba) timadya masamba a guava, mango, rhambutane, koko, mirabilis, ndi zina zotero. kugwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso masamba a sessile ndi English oak.
Maganizo ndi Chisamaliro
Kugwiritsa ntchito terrarium ndikofunikira pakusunga ndi kusamalira masamba oyenda. Pachifukwa ichi, mabokosi a mbozi, magalasi a galasi, ndi ma terrarium osakhalitsa ndi abwino. Mulimonsemo, muyenera kulabadira mpweya wabwino. Nthaka imatha kuphimbidwa ndi peat kapena ndi gawo lapansi louma, lopanda organic (mwachitsanzo vermiculite, miyala). Zimakhalanso zomveka kusonyeza mapepala akukhitchini, chifukwa n'zosavuta kutolera mazira. Komabe, ntchito ikaphimbidwa pansi imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuposa momwe mpukutu wakhitchini umasinthidwa mlungu uliwonse. Nthawi zina chivundikirocho chimayenera kusinthidwa chifukwa chimbudzi cha nyama chimakhala chosawoneka bwino komanso chauve. Muyenera kusamala kuti musataye mazira mosayenera.
Simuyenera kusankha kukula kwa terrarium yaying'ono kwambiri. Kwa banja lachikulire, kukula kochepa kuyenera kukhala 25 cm x 25 x 40 cm (kutalika!), Ndi ziweto zambiri molingana ndi zambiri. Mwachidule ikani nthambi zodulidwa za forage zomera mu chidebe mu terrarium ndi m'malo nthawi zonse. Muyenera kupewa kuwola masamba ndi nkhungu nkhungu chifukwa cha matenda.
Kuyika kowonjezera kwa mbiya zamadzi sikofunikira, chifukwa tizilombo nthawi zambiri timamwa madzi ofunikira kudzera muzomera zomwe zimadya. Koma mutha kuwonanso nyama nthawi zambiri pakusunga, kumeza mwachangu madontho amadzi pamasamba ndi makoma. Makamaka akazi akuluakulu amafunikira kwambiri zamadzimadzi. Kutentha kwa terrarium kuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 20 ° C. Simuyenera kupitirira 27 ° C. 23 ° C ndi abwino. Apa mukhoza kuona mkulu mlingo wa ntchito nyama ndi matenda zimachitika kawirikawiri.
Kuti muchite izi, mutha kulumikiza nyali yotentha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chotenthetsera kapena mat. Ndi zithandizo ziwiri zomwe zatchulidwa komaliza, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti chidebe chomwe chili ndi zomera za forage sichimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi chotenthetsera, chifukwa madzi amatenthetsa kwambiri ndikuwola, ntchito yosafunikira (nthawi zambiri). kusintha kwa zomera zam'mera) ndipo mwina zimayambitsa matenda. M'zipinda zambiri zokhalamo, komabe kutentha kwamkati kwa terrarium kumatha kufikika kudzera mu kutentha kwapakati. Chinyezi chiyenera kukhala chapakati pa 60 mpaka 80%. Kuthirira madzi kuyenera kupewedwa chifukwa cha thanzi. Onetsetsani kuti mpweya ukuyenda mokwanira!
TIP
Pachifukwa ichi, ndikupangira kuti mutsirize madzi osungunuka mu terrarium tsiku ndi tsiku - ndi madzi apampopi pali ma deposits a limescale pamakoma a galasi - mothandizidwa ndi botolo lopopera. Simuyenera kupopera nyama mwachindunji, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kumanga chisa ndikuchulukana m'malo osawumitsa amadzi pa exoskeleton. Kapena, mungagwiritse ntchito ultrasonic fogger. Komabe, tanki yamadzi yofunikira iyenera kutsukidwa pafupipafupi komanso imatenga malo ochulukirapo. Koma akupanga fogger ndi yabwino kusamalira nyama kumapeto kwa sabata. Zomwe zimatchedwa rainforest spray systems nazonso zimatheka. Kuti muwone kutentha ndi chinyezi, muyenera kukhazikitsa thermometer ndi hygrometer mu terrarium.
Kutsiliza
Masamba oyenda ndi tizilombo tochititsa chidwi tomwe timatha kusamala bwino komanso totchipa kuwasunga, ndipo timatha “kumangirira” kwa zaka zambiri.