muimba

Mbalame zimatsimikizira ukhondo m'chilengedwe chifukwa zimadya zovunda, mwachitsanzo, nyama zakufa. Mitu yawo yadazi ndi makosi opanda kanthu zimapangitsa mbalame zamphamvu zodya nyamazi kukhala zosaneneka.

makhalidwe

Kodi miimba imawoneka bwanji?

Mbalame ndi gulu la mbalame zazikulu mpaka zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimadya kwambiri nyama zakufa. Zimakhala zodziwika kuti pafupifupi zamoyo zonse zapamutu ndi pakhosi zimakhala zopanda nthenga. Ali ndi mlomo wamphamvu komanso zikhadabo zolimba Komabe, ofufuza apeza kuti miimbayo imapanga magulu awiri ogwirizana pang’ono. Ibaalu Bakaindi Bakasimpe naa Buzuba Bupya. Mimbulu ya Old World ndi ya banja ngati hawk ndipo imapanga magulu awiri ang'onoang'ono kumeneko. Imodzi ndi ya mbalame za ku Old World (Aegypiinae), zomwe zimaphatikizapo miimba yakuda ndi griffon vultures.

Lachiwiri ndi banja laling'ono la Gypaetinae, lomwe limadziwika bwino kwambiri ndi Mbalame Za Ndevu ndi Mphungu Waku Egypt. Awiriwa amasiyana ndi miimba ina ya Old World ndi nthenga zawo zamutu ndi khosi, mwachitsanzo. Mphungu za Old World zimatha kukula mpaka kupitirira mita imodzi ndikukhala ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 290. Chodziwika kwa ambiri mwa iwo ndi nthenga zopangidwa ndi nthenga, zomwe khosi lopanda kanthu limatuluka.

Gulu lachiwiri lalikulu la miimba ndi miimba ya New World (Cathartidae). Zimaphatikizaponso Andean condor, yomwe imatha kukula mpaka masentimita 120 mu kukula ndikukhala ndi mapiko otalika mpaka 310 centimita. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale mbalame yaikulu kwambiri komanso imodzi mwa mbalame zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti mimbulu ya Old World imatha kugwira ndi mapazi awo, miimba ya New World ilibe chikhadabo chogwira, choncho sangathe, mwachitsanzo, kugwira nyama ndi zikhadabo za mapazi awo.

Kodi miimba amakhala kuti?

Mphungu za Old World zimapezeka ku Ulaya, Africa, ndi Asia. Milungu ya Dziko Latsopano, monga momwe dzina lawo likusonyezera, ali kwawo ku Dziko Latsopano, ndiko kuti ku America. Kumeneko amapezeka ku South ndi Central America komanso ku USA. Mphungu za Old World zimakhala makamaka m'malo otseguka monga steppes ndi theka-zipululu, komanso m'mapiri. Ngakhale kuti mimbulu ya Dziko Latsopano imakhalanso m’malo otseguka, imakhalanso m’nkhalango ndi m’nkhalango. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame ya turkey vulture imakhala m'zipululu ndi m'nkhalango.

Mitundu ina, monga ya black vulture, inali kupezeka m’dambo lokha. Masiku ano amakhalanso m’mizinda n’kumasakasaka zinyalala.

Ndi mitundu yanji ya miimba?

Mimbulu ya Old World imaphatikizapo mitundu yodziwika bwino monga Griffon Vulture, Pygmy Vulture, ndi Black Vulture. Mbalame zandevu ndi mbalame za ku Egypt zili m'gulu la Gypaetinae. Pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yokha ya miimba ya New World. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi condor yamphamvu ya Andean. Mitundu ina yodziwika ndi miimba yakuda, miimba ya Turkey, ndi miimba yachifumu

Kodi miimba imakhala ndi zaka zingati?

Mimbulu imatha kukalamba kwambiri. Mphungu za Griffon zimadziwika kuti zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 40, nyama zina zimakhala zotalika kwambiri. Andean condor amatha kukhala zaka 65.

Khalani

Kodi miimba imakhala bwanji?

Mphungu za Old World ndi New World zili ndi ntchito yofunika: ndi apolisi azaumoyo mwachilengedwe. Chifukwa chakuti ambiri ndi osakaza nyama, amatsuka mitembo ya nyama zakufa, kuletsa kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mimbulu ya Old World imatha kununkhiza bwino, koma imatha kuwona bwino ndikuzindikira mitemboyo ili pamtunda wa makilomita atatu. Miimba ya Dziko Latsopano ili ndi kanunkhidwe kabwinoko kuposa miimba ya Old World ndipo, ndi mphuno zawo zochunidwa bwino, imatha kuzindikira ngakhale nyama zowonda kuchokera pamtunda waukulu womwe umabisika pansi pa mitengo kapena tchire.

Pali kugawikana kwa ntchito pakati pa miimba ikafika pochotsa zovunda: mitundu yayikulu kwambiri monga miimba ya griffon kapena condors imabwera koyamba. Amagwiritsa ntchito manja owopseza kuti adziwe kuti ndi ndani mwa iwo amene amaloledwa kudya kaye, ndipo nyama zanjala kwambiri zimapambana. Zimakhalanso zomveka kuti miimba zazikuluzikulu zimadya poyamba: zimangokhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zong'amba zikopa za nyama zakufa ndi milomo yawo.

Mitundu ina ya miimba imakonda kudya nyama ya minofu, ina matumbo. Mbalame zandevu zimakhala ngati mafupa abwino kwambiri. Kuti atenge mafutawo, amawulukira m’mwamba ndi fupa n’kuligwetsera pamiyala kuchokera patali mpaka mamita 80. Kumeneko fupa limathyoka ndipo miimba imadya fupa lopatsa thanzi. Mimbulu yonse ndi yowuluka kwambiri. Amatha kuuluka kwa maola ambiri komanso kuyenda mtunda wautali. Ngakhale kuti miimba ina ya Old World ndi yaubwenzi ndipo imakhala m'magulu, miimba ya New World imakonda kukhala yokha.

Kodi miimba imaberekana bwanji?

Mbalame za Old World zimamanga zisa zazikulu pamitengo kapena pamiyala momwe zimaikira mazira ndi kulera ana awo. Koma mimbulu ya Dziko Latsopano, siimamanga zisa. Amangoikira mazira pamiyala, m’dzenje, kapena m’zitsa zamitengo.

Chisamaliro

Kodi miimba amadya chiyani?

Onse aŵiri a Old World vultures ndi New World vultures ali makamaka osakaza. Ngati sapeza zovunda zokwanira, mitundu ina imakhala ngati miimba yakuda m'chilimwe, komanso imasaka nyama monga akalulu, abuluzi kapena anaankhosa. Mbalame za New World nthawi zina zimaphanso nyama zazing'ono.