Mary Allen
Tundra ndi dera lomwe limapezeka kwambiri kumpoto kwenikweni. Amakhala m'dera lozizira kwambiri. Kumpoto kuli dera la polar. Chilimwe kuno chimatenga mwezi umodzi kapena itatu yokha ndipo sikutentha kwambiri. Nthawi yachisanu imakhala yaitali komanso yozizira kwambiri. Nthaka nthawi zonse imakhala yozizira, choncho imakhala ya permafrost. Kuchuluka kwa chipale chofewa si chachikulu kwambiri. Palinso madera ena a Tundra kumwera kwa dziko lapansi komanso kumapiri a Himalaya.
Kumpoto kwa tundra kumatchedwa "polar tundra". Kum'mwera kwa tundra kumatchedwa "nkhalango tundra". Imadutsa pa taiga. Mitengo monga spruce, larch, ndi birch imamerabe m'nkhalango ya tundra, koma mitengoyi siili pafupi. Pakati pawo kumamera mosses, lichens, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya udzu, heather, ndi zomera zina zambiri.
Nyama zina zoyamwitsa nthawi zina zimachokera ku taiga kupita ku nkhalango: mphalapala, mphalapala, mimbulu, lynx, zimbalangondo zofiirira, nkhandwe, akalulu, ndi ma martens, zomwe zimaphatikizapo akalulu ndi nyama zina zoyamwitsa. Zimbalangondo za polar, ng'ombe za musk, nkhandwe za ku arctic, mimbulu, akalulu a ku arctic, ndi akalulu a ku arctic amakhala ku polar tundra. Palinso mbalame zambiri ndi tizilombo, koma palibe amphibians ndi zokwawa.
Ku tundra, kudakali anthu achiaborijini. Ena mwa anthuwa akukhalabe ndi moyo ngati kale, ena amakhala amakono ndi magalimoto, mfuti, ndi zinthu zina. Kumapiri a ku Ulaya ndi ku Asia, ambiri mwa iwo amakhala ngati oyendayenda, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasunga nyama zamphongo. A Eskimos ku North America ndi Greenland amakhala makamaka kuchokera ku kusaka nyama zam'madzi, mwachitsanzo, anamgumi ndi ena.
Masiku ano tundra ili pangozi. Anthu ena amaweta mphalapala zochulukirachulukira, zomwe zimachititsa kuti msipu udye kwambiri, motero mbewu sizingamerenso mokwanira. Choopsa chachiwiri chili muzinthu zamchere zomwe anthu amafuna kutulutsa, makamaka mafuta ndi gasi. Chiwopsezo chachitatu ndi kuipitsa mpweya. Zomera zimafa chifukwa cha izi ndipo masheyawo sangathe kuchira. Pomaliza, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, tundra ikutentha kwambiri kuposa madera ena. Choncho taiga idzakula kwambiri kumpoto ndikuchotsa tundra.