Mary Allen
Tulips ndi amodzi mwa maluwa omwe timawawona m'mapaki ndi m'minda m'masika. Amapezekanso ngati maluwa odulidwa m'masitolo ambiri, nthawi zambiri amamangidwa mumaluwa. Amapanga mtundu wokhala ndi mitundu yopitilira 150 ya zomera.
Tulips amakula kuchokera ku babu pansi. Tsinde lake ndi lalitali komanso lozungulira. Masamba obiriwira amakhala oblong ndipo amapendekera mpaka pomwe. Pa maluwawo, tinthu tating’ono ting’onoting’ono tomwe timaonekera kwambiri. Amavala mitundu yoyera, pinki, yofiira, violet mpaka yakuda, komanso yachikasu ndi lalanje kapena angapo mwa mitunduyi.
Ma tulips amatha kusiyidwa m'munda atatha maluwa. Mbali za mbewu pamwamba pa nthaka zimauma ndi kusanduka bulauni. Mukawatulutsa mochedwa, babu amakhala pansi. A tulip adzakula chaka chamawa. Nthawi zambiri, amakhala angapo chifukwa anyezi amachulukana pansi.
Ma tulips poyambilira amamera kumapiri a Central Asia, komwe masiku ano amati Turkey, Greece, Algeria, Morocco, ndi kum'mwera kwa Spain. Dzinali limachokera ku zilankhulo za ku Turkey ndi ku Perisiya ndipo limatanthauza nduwira. Anthu amene anabwera ndi dzina lachijeremani limeneli mwina anamva kukumbutsidwa za mutu wa anthu a m’derali ndi mitengo ya tulips.
Kodi tulips amabereka bwanji?
Anyezi wamkulu wokhala ndi duwa amatchedwa "anyezi amayi". Pamene ikuphuka, mababu ang'onoang'ono otchedwa "mababu a ana aakazi" amamera mozungulira. Mukangozisiya pansi, zidzatulutsanso maluwa chaka chamawa. Kapetiyi imayamba kukhala yowirira komanso yowirira mpaka danga limakhala lopapatiza kwambiri.
Wamaluwa ochenjera amakumba mababu pamene therere lafa. Kenako mutha kusiyanitsa anyezi ndi mwana wamkaziyo ndi kuwasiya kuti aume. Ayenera kubzalidwanso m'dzinja kuti apange mizu m'nyengo yozizira. Mtundu uwu wa kufalitsa tulip ndi wosavuta ndipo mwana aliyense akhoza kuchita.
Kuberekana kwachiwiri kumachitika ndi tizilombo, makamaka njuchi. Amanyamula mungu kuchokera ku stamens wamwamuna kupita ku manyazi aakazi. Pambuyo pa umuna, njere zimamera mu pistil. Sitampu imakhala yokhuthala kwambiri. Mbewuzo zimagwera pansi. Mababu ang'onoang'ono a tulip adzakula kuyambira chaka chamawa.
Nthawi zina anthu amalowererapo pa kufalitsa kotereku. Amasankha mwanzeru mbali yaimuna ndi yaikazi n’kuivulira ndi manja. Izi zimatchedwa "crossbreeding", iyi ndi njira yoswana. Umu ndi momwe mitundu yatsopano yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imapangidwira. Palinso ma tulips opindika okhala ndi masamba opindika.
Kodi mtundu wa tulip ndi chiyani?
Ma tulips oyambirira anabwera ku Holland kokha pambuyo pa chaka cha 1500. Ndi anthu olemera okha omwe anali ndi ndalama zake. Choyamba, anasinthanitsa mababu a tulip wina ndi mzake. Kenako anapempha ndalama. Mitundu yapadera imakhalanso ndi mayina apadera, mwachitsanzo, "Admiral" kapena "General".
Anthu ochulukirachulukira adapenga za tulips ndi mababu awo. Zotsatira zake, mitengo idakwera kwambiri. Malo okwera kwambiri anali mu 1637. Anyezi atatu amitundu yodula kwambiri nthawi ina adagulitsidwa ma guilder 30,000. Mutha kugula nyumba zitatu zodula kwambiri ku Amsterdam pazimenezi. Kapena kunena kuti: Amuna 200 akanagwira ntchito kwa chaka chimodzi ndi ndalama zimenezi.
Komabe, posakhalitsa mitengo imeneyi inagwa. Anthu ambiri anasauka chifukwa anali atalipira ndalama zambiri zogulira mababu awo koma sakanatha kuwagulitsanso pamtengowo. Chifukwa chake kubetcha kwanu pamitengo yokwera kwambiri sikunagwire ntchito.
Panali kale zitsanzo za katundu wokwera mtengo. Chifukwa chimodzi cha zimenezi chinali chakuti anthu anagula katunduyo n’chiyembekezo chakuti pambuyo pake adzagulitsa pamtengo wokwera. Izi zimatchedwa "speculation". Ikafika mopambanitsa, imatchedwa "bubble".
Pali zofotokozera zambiri masiku ano chifukwa chake mitengo ya tulip idatsika mwadzidzidzi. Asayansi amavomereza kuti kuwira kongopeka kunaphulika pano kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri ndikuwononga anthu ambiri. Izi zidasintha kwambiri mbiri yazachuma.