Mary Allen
Mphamvu yaikulu ya galu ndiyo kununkhiza. Kaŵirikaŵiri amanenedwa kuti kununkhiza kwa galu kumaposa kwa anthu. Koma kodi ndi zoona?
Mphuno yake itatsala pang'ono kumatira pansi, galuyo amafufuza dziko m'njira yakeyake, kudzera mu fungo lake. Mphuno yosangalatsa ya galuyo imatenga zambiri mwazinthu zonse zakunja. Ndi maphunziro, agalu angaphunzire kuyang'ana pa fungo limodzi lokha, lomwe ndi gwero losaneneka kwa ife anthu pamene, mwachitsanzo, kusaka ndi kufunafuna mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Umu ndi Momwe Mphuno Imagwirira Ntchito
The galu bwino anayamba mphuno ali angapo wosangalatsa kwachilengedwenso ntchito. Pamphuno yonyowa imathandiza kusonkhanitsa ndi kusungunula tinthu ting'onoting'ono tonunkhira ndipo galu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphuno iliyonse payekha kuti athe kusiyanitsa mosavuta komwe kumachokera fungolo. Agalu amapuma ndi kutuluka kudzera munjira ziwiri zosiyana, izi zikutanthauza kuti galu amatha kusunga fungo ngakhale pamene akutuluka, mosiyana ndi ife anthu kumene fungo limatha mpaka titapumanso.
Mkati mwa mphuno ya galuyo muli mabowo awiri olekanitsidwa ndi chichereŵechereŵe. M'mabowo, pali zomwe zimatchedwa mussels, zomwe zimakhala ngati labyrinth zomwe zimakhala ndi zigoba zomwe zimakutidwa ndi ntchofu. Ntchentche mkati mwa mphuno imakwaniritsa ntchito yofanana ndi yonyowa kunja. Kuchokera ku nkhono za m'mphuno, mafuta onunkhira amatengedwa kupita ku olfactory system.
Dongosolo la kununkhiza ndilo likulu la fungo la galu, kumene kuli zolandirira fungo la 220-300 miliyoni. Kenako zolandilira zinthu zimapatsira chidziŵitso ku mbali ina ya ubongo wa galuyo, imene ili pafupifupi kuŵirikiza kanayi kuposa ya anthu.
Kununkhira koyipa kwa munthu, nthano yakalekale
Kaŵirikaŵiri amanenedwa kuti kununkhiza kwa galu kuli bwino kuŵirikiza ka 10,000-1,100,000 kuposa kwa anthu. Koma wofufuza za ubongo John McGann amakhulupirira kuti kununkhiza kwa galuyo sikuposa mphamvu ya fungo ya munthu. Mu kafukufuku (https://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6338/eaam7263) lofalitsidwa mu magazini Science (https://science.sciencemag.org/) mu May 2017, McGann ananena kuti maganizo oipa a anthu kununkhiza ndi nthano yakale yomwe yakhalapo kuyambira zaka za zana la 20.
“Pamene fungo la fungo la anthu ndi nyama zina zoyamwitsa zayerekezeredwa m’maphunziro, zotulukapo zake zakhala zosiyana mowonekera bwino malinga ndi fungo limene lasankhidwa. Mwina chifukwa nyama zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zolandilira fungo losiyanasiyana. M’kafukufuku amene fungo labwino lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito, anthu achita bwino pa fungo linalake kuposa makoswe ndi agalu a mu labotale, komanso achita moipitsitsa kwa ena. Mofanana ndi nyama zina zoyamwitsa, anthu amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fungo ndipo tikhoza kutsatira fungo la kunja. ”
Kusinthidwa kuti munthu apulumuke
Anthu ndi abwino kuposa agalu akamamva fungo la fungo la dothi, madzi osasunthika, kapena chakudya chomwe chaola kapena kuwola. Chomwe ali nacho ndi chakuti ali ndi chinthu chotchedwa geosmin ndipo onse akhoza kukhala ovulaza kwa ife.
“Mukathira dontho limodzi la geosmin m’dziwe losambira lokhazikika, munthu amamva fungo lake. Kumeneko ndife abwino kuposa galu ", akutero Johan Lundström yemwe ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo komanso wofufuza za fungo ku Karolinska Institutet ku Stockholm.
Wolimbikira komanso wolunjika
Komabe, galu mosakayika ndi bwino kulekanitsa ndi mosalekeza kuyang'ana pa fungo linalake komanso bwino kunyamula fungo limene siligwirizana ndi moyo wa zamoyo. Magwiridwe a mphuno ya galu ndi ambiri, kuyambira kutsata zigawenga, kupeza mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mabomba ophulika mpaka kutulutsa alamu apulosi asanayambe.
Poyeserera kutsatira masewera, kusaka chanterelle, kapena ntchito ya mphuno, mutha kulimbikitsa malingaliro ofunikira kwambiri agalu wanu ndikupeza galu wosangalala. Mwina mutha kutenga mwayi ndikuyesa kununkhiza kwanu nthawi yomweyo?