Mary Allen
Mphepo yamkuntho ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la kusefukira kwa madzi. Amapangidwa pamene mphepo yowonjezereka ikuwomba mkati mwa mafunde abwinobwino. Zotsatira zake, madzi amakwera kwambiri kuposa momwe amakhalira.
Ngati mphepo yamkuntho imayendetsa madzi kumphepete mwa nyanja ndikulowanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja, amakwera kuposa momwe amakhalira kumeneko. Madzi akakwera kupitirira mita imodzi ndi theka kuposa mafunde amphamvu, amatchedwa mphepo yamkuntho. Kuchokera mamita awiri ndi theka mmodzi amalankhula za mphepo yamkuntho yamkuntho. Ngati madziwo ndi okwera mita ina, amatchedwa mphepo yamkuntho yoopsa kwambiri. Mphepo yamkuntho yopepuka imachitika kangapo pachaka, mvula yamkuntho imachitika pakatha zaka zingapo.
Makamaka mphepo yamkuntho imachitika pamene mphepo yamkuntho imakhala kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngati madziwo apitirira kwa mafunde angapo okwera ndi otsika, madzi amatha kubwereranso pang'ono pa mafunde otsika. Pamafunde amphamvu otsatirawa, amathamanga kwambiri kuposa kale.
Izi zinali choncho, mwachitsanzo, ndi mphepo yamkuntho ya February 1962. Imatchedwanso “Chigumula cha Hamburg” chifukwa chakuti ku Hamburg kunali chiwonongeko chachikulu ndi imfa zambiri. Pa nthawiyo, mlingo wa madzi wa mamita asanu ndi masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri pamwamba pake umatanthauza madzi okwera. Pambuyo pa kusefukira kwa madzi, ma dyke adakwezedwa paliponse, kotero kuti pambuyo pake mvula yamkuntho ingapo yamphamvu kwambiri sinawononge chilichonse.
Mphepete mwa nyanja ya North Sea mu mawonekedwe ake apano idapangidwanso ndi mvula yamkuntho yambiri. Nyanja inadzaza madera ambiri amtunda. Munthu adatenganso ndikuteteza dzikolo kudzera m'miyendo. Popanda mabwalo, mbali zazikulu za kumpoto kwa Germany ndi Netherlands zikanasefukira. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, asayansi amayembekezera kuti madzi a m’nyanja apitirizabe kukwera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mvula yamkuntho idzachitikanso m'tsogolomu. Chifukwa chake ma leve ayenera kukwezedwa kwambiri, apo ayi anthu adzapereka gawo lina la dzikolo.