Stickleback

Dzinali limachokera ku nsana yomwe imanyamula pamsana pake.

makhalidwe

Kodi sticklebacks amawoneka bwanji?

Kwa zaka zambiri, ndodo yokhala ndi mipiringidzo itatu ndi nsomba yosaoneka bwino, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala mainchesi 2 mpaka 3, siliva wamtundu, ndipo imakhala ndi misana itatu kumbuyo kwake. Chipsepse chake chamkati chimakhalanso ndi spike. Iye akhoza kuyika spikes izi molimba, kuwasandutsa iwo kukhala chida chenicheni.

Pa nthawi yobereka mu kasupe, amuna amtundu wa stickleback amavala "chovala chaukwati" chawo: chifuwa ndi mimba zimasanduka lalanje kukhala zofiira, kumbuyo kumanyezimira mobiriwira mobiriwira. Amuna akawona mdani kapena ngati amakonda kwambiri yaikazi, mitundu yawo imawala kwambiri.

Kodi zomata zimakhala kuti?

Msana wa nkhono zitatu umakhala kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi; kuchokera ku North America kupita ku Europe kupita ku Asia. Zinthu zambiri zimakhala zosiyana ndi zomata: pamene nsomba zina zimamva kukhala kwawo mumchere kapena madzi abwino, zomata zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'mitsinje ndi nyanja.

Ndi mitundu yanji ya stickleback ilipo?

Pali magulu awiri a zopinga zopota zitatu: imodzi yamoyo m'nyanja, ina m'madzi abwino. Sticklebacks okhala m'nyanja amakula pang'ono - pafupifupi 11 centimita. Msana wa msana wa mipiringidzo isanu ndi inayi ndi wocheperako pang'ono kuposa wopota katatu ndipo uli ndi misana isanu ndi inayi mpaka khumi ndi imodzi. Palinso nsomba ya m’nyanja yotchedwa stickleback, yomwe imakhala m’nyanja mokha, komanso ya m’mbuyo inayi yomwe imapezeka kugombe lakum’mawa kwa North America.

Kodi zomata zimakhala ndi zaka zingati?

Sticklebacks ali pafupi zaka 3.

Khalani

Kodi zomata zimakhala bwanji?

Nkhuku sizimavuta kwambiri: nthawi zina zimasewerera m'madzi omwe mulibe ukhondo. M’zaka zina, angapezeke m’mphepete mwa nyanja m’magulu akuluakulu okhala ndi mamiliyoni a nyama. M'madzi abwino, amakonda kwambiri mitsinje yoyenda pang'onopang'ono ndi nyanja momwe zimamera zomera zambiri zam'madzi. Kumeneko, ana awo amatha kubisala bwino kwa adani anjala.

Zonse zomata zimachokera kunyanja. M'nyengo yozizira, madzi akawotha ndipo masiku akutalika, mbalame zotchedwa sticklebacks, zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zimayamba kusamuka kwautali. Amasambira mpaka ku mitsinje kenako mpaka kumtunda kukafika kumene amaswana. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe amasambira kubwerera kunyanja. Nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'madzi abwino zimadzipulumutsa kusamuka kosautsaku: zimakhala m'nyanja imodzi kapena mtsinje chaka chonse.

Anzanu ndi adani a msana wokakamira

Nthawi zina zomata zimadyedwa ndi eel kapena pike - koma zilibe adani ochulukirapo. Iwo ali ndi ngongole iyi chifukwa cha misana yawo yakuthwa, yolimba, yomwe amatha kuimitsa ndi kukonza. Palibe nsomba yomwe ingayerekeze kuyika manja pa zilombo zobaya izi.

Kodi zomangira zimaberekana bwanji?

Amuna aamuna akakhala amitundu yowala m’nyengo ya masika ndipo zazikazi zitakonzeka kuikira mazira, mwambo wokweretsa msana wa msana umayamba. Ndipo kachiwiri chinthu china chimakhala chosiyana ndi zomata kusiyana ndi nsomba zina: kumanga chisa ndi kulera ana ndi ntchito ya mwamuna! Abambo ambalamba amakumba dzenje pamtunda wamchenga ndi zipsepse za pachifuwa. Kenako amamanga chisa ndi zomera za m’madzi, zimene amamatira mwamphamvu ndi madzi a mu impso.

Mwana wamwamuna wa stickleback atangowona mkazi yemwe mimba yake ili ndi mazira, amayamba kuvina kwake: amasambira m'mbuyo ndi m'mbuyo mu zigzags - chizindikiro chomwe palibe mkazi amene angakane. Imasambira kwa mwamuna, yemwe tsopano amabwerera ku chisa pa liwiro la mphezi - yaikazi nthawi zonse kumbuyo.

Msana yaimuna ikalowetsa mutu wake pakhomo la chisa, imauza yaikazi kuti isambira m’chisamo. Tsopano ng'oma yokakamira imalira mphuno yake pamimba yaikazi - ndipo kuyikira kwa mazira kumayamba. Pang'onopang'ono akazi angapo aikira mazira 1000 pachisa, onse amathamangitsidwa ndi yaimuna.

Kuti mazirawo akule bwino, yaimuna mobwerezabwereza imakondera madzi atsopano, okhala ndi okosijeni kudzera pachisa ndi zipsepse za pachifuwa. Anawo amaswa pambuyo pa masiku asanu ndi limodzi kapena khumi. Koma ngakhale zili choncho, atate wothira ndodo amasamalirabe bwino ana ake: Zikachitika ngozi, amawatengera ana aang’ono kukamwa pake n’kuwabweretsanso kuchisa mpaka atakula moti angathe kupulumuka okha m’malo obisalamo. zomera zam'madzi.