Mary Allen
Pankhani ya nkhono zamadzi, munthu amakumana ndi makampu awiri: Otsutsa amakhulupirira kuti nkhono ndizoyenera kulimbana ndi algae. Otsutsa, komabe, amawopa zomera zawo za m'dziwe. Mukhoza kupeza apa ubwino ndi kuipa kwa nkhono zamadzi.
Zambiri Za Nkhono
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 95,000 ya nkhono ndipo mitundu 40 yokha imakhala m'madzi opanda mchere; Nkhono zomwe zimakhala m'dziwe zimachepetsedwanso kukhala pafupifupi mitundu 10. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu 10 iyi nthawi zina sikophweka, ngakhale kwa akatswiri, chifukwa mawonekedwe a nyumba a mitundu ina amawoneka kuti amasiyana malinga ndi malo.
Ngakhale kuti nkhono zapamtunda zimawononga zomera za m’munda, nkhono za m’madzi zili ndi ubwino wake: Zimataya zomera zakufa. Zomera zathanzi zimamasulidwa kukukula kwa algae ndipo matope apansi amatsukidwanso mbali zina za mbewuyo.
Mwanjira imeneyi, mumathandizira kukhalabe ndi thanzi lachilengedwe m'dziwe. Nkhono zambiri zimadyanso zovunda ndipo motero zimalepheretsa madzi kugwa ndi nsomba zakufa kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Nkhono zonse zomwe zimakhala m’dziwe la m’mundamo zimatchedwa hermaphrodites, kutanthauza kuti zili ndi mazira ndipo zimatulutsa ubwamuna pa nthawi imodzi: Nkhono zikamakwerana, nkhono ziŵiri zimasinthanitsa umuna wake ndipo yaikazi pambuyo pake imaikira mazirawo pamasamba ndi tsinde la zomera za m’madzi.
Nkhono mu Dziwe la Garden
Mitundu yokhayo ya nkhono ndiyo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiwe amaluwa. Kumbali ina, amatha kulimbana ndi kutentha kwa m'deralo, ndipo kumbali ina, zamoyo zachilendo zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu: Ngati zitathawa m'dziwe, pali chiopsezo chakuti zidzachotsa zamoyo za m'deralo ndipo zamoyo zonse zapakhomo zidzatha. kugwa. Nthawi zambiri, nkhono sizingatengedwe kuchokera ku chilengedwe, koma zitha kugulidwa m'masitolo odziwa zambiri.
Vuto lalikulu ndilakuti nkhono zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito ngati ma trematodes: Awa ndi nyongolotsi zowononga zomwe simukufuna kukhala nazo m'dziwe lanu. Ngati mukukayika, choyamba muyenera kuika kwaokha nkhono zomwe mwagula kwa masiku angapo. Nthawi zambiri munthu amabwera ku dziwe la nkhono mosasamala, chifukwa nkhono za nkhono nthawi zambiri zimamatira ku zomera za m'madzi kapena zimayambitsidwa ndi mbalame zam'madzi.
Pokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso malo abwino a chilengedwe, mitundu ina ya nkhono imatha kuchulukana kwambiri. Posachedwapa pamene algae ali ochepa kwambiri pa nkhono zonse, zikhoza kuchitika kuti zidzaukira zomera zanu zapadziwe: Muyenera kulowererapo apa. Mutha kuzipha kapena kuzichotsa ku zomera ndi zakudya zowonjezera. Komabe, pamenepa, nkhono zimachulukana kwambiri ndipo mumalowa mu bwalo loipa. Zatsopano, mwachitsanzo, zitha kuthandiza pano podyera nkhono. Komabe, ngati muli ndi algae wambiri, muyenera kungosiya nkhonozo kuti zizichita.
Pond Nkhono
Nkhono zakudambo zimakula mpaka 5cm ndipo ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya nkhono zakubadwa. Lili ndi chivindikiro chokhazikika chimene chimatha kutseka nacho chigoba chake cha nkhono mwamphamvu. Ndi nkhono yokhayo ku Central Europe yomwe imathanso kusefa ndere ndi plankton zoyandama m'madzi. Izi zimapereka mwayi wapadera polimbana ndi algae. Ngati m'madzi muli algae wokwanira, amasiya zomera za m'madzi kumanzere, ndipo ngakhale ndere zikachepa, amakonda kudyetsa miyala pansi kwa maola ambiri. Siziwoneka kawirikawiri monga momwe zimakhalira pansi. Imapumanso kudzera m'matumbo, kotero ilibe chifukwa chobwera pamwamba. Mofanana ndi nkhono zambiri zakutchire, ndi yolimba ndipo imapulumuka m’matope apansi.
Amabereka nkhono zophunzitsidwa bwino. Choncho palibe chiopsezo cha kuswana kudyedwa ndi nyama zina. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndi mtundu wa nkhono wa ku Central Europe womwe ndi viviparous ("Viviparidae"). Ana amabadwa ndi kukula kwa centimita imodzi kotero kuti sakhalanso oyenera monga chakudya cha nsomba zazing'ono. Kuonjezera apo, njira yoberekera imeneyi sichititsa kuti anthu azichulukirachulukira mofulumira monga momwe zimakhalira pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi kutulutsa mazira. Kuphatikiza apo, kubalana kumagwirizana ndi chakudya; Choncho, nkhono yabwino kwa dziwe lamunda.
Nkhono ya Ramshorn
Nkhono ya ramshorn ndiyotchuka kwambiri chifukwa mtundu wake wofiira mpaka wofiirira umapangitsa kukongoletsa kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi nkhono ya m’dambo, nkhono imeneyi imaoneka kaŵirikaŵiri chifukwa imapuma ndi mapapu ake ndipo imayenera kubwera pamwamba kuti igwire mpweya wake. Izi zili ndi ubwino wina: zimapulumuka m'mayiwe omwe alibe mpweya wabwino komanso woipitsidwa ndipo makamaka m'madzi okhala ndi calcium.
Imakula mpaka 4 cm kukula kwake ndipo ndi imodzi mwa nkhono zazikulu. Chifukwa cha kunja kwake kwathyathyathya, imatchedwanso nkhono ya pan. Ndi nkhono yokhayo ya ku Central Europe yokhala ndi hemoglobin m'magazi ake: chinthu ichi, chomwe anthu ali nacho, chimathandiza kusunga mpweya wabwino.
Ndi nkhono yosinthika kwambiri chifukwa pakagwa mwadzidzidzi imathanso kupuma kudzera m'matumbo ake. Nthawi zambiri imapulumuka m'nyengo yozizira popanda vuto lililonse, chifukwa imagona m'matope pansi.
Nkhono Yamatope
Nkhono wamba wamatope wayambanso kuzolowera moyo wapadziwe lamunda. Amapumanso ndi mapapu ake ndipo motero amakhala osasunthika pankhani ya okosijeni m'madzi; Komanso sizimapanga zofunikira pamtundu wina wamadzi: sizimasamala ngati pH mtengo ndi 6.5 kapena 9, mwachitsanzo. Imapulumuka ngakhale m’mayiwe oipitsidwa kwambiri ndi amatope.
Monga mpweya wopumira m'mapapo, imawonedwa pafupipafupi pamtunda, komanso ili ndi luso lochititsa chidwi la kukwawa pansi pamadzi. Nthawi zambiri, amakonda kukhala kumtunda kwa dziwe, chifukwa nthawi zambiri pamakhala zakudya zambiri za algae kuno. Siyenera kudandaula za chitetezo chake chifukwa kukula kwake ndi chigoba chake cholimba zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yotetezeka ngakhale ku nsomba zazikulu.
Ndi kukula kwake mpaka 7 cm, ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa nkhono komanso imodzi mwazotulutsa mwachangu kwambiri. Mbalame za nkhonozo zimaikidwa pa zomera za m’madzi ndipo pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu ana okhwima kwambiri amaswa mazira. Ngati nkhono ya ku Ulaya sipezanso ndere zokwanira, idzaukira zomera za m’madzi mopanda chifundo. Chifukwa chake, kuberekana mwachangu kwa nkhono zamtunduwu mosapeŵeka kumabweretsa mavuto nthawi ina. Koma kuyembekezera kusankha kwachilengedwe si lingaliro labwino: Ndilolimba kwambiri ndipo limapulumuka kuzizira kwa madzi ndi kuumitsa kwakanthawi m'madzi. Njira yabwino yochepetsera kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi nyama zomwe zimadya kalulu, monga ma newts.