Mary Allen
Salamanders ndi amphibians. Ali ndi thupi lofanana ndi la abuluzi kapena ng'ona zazing'ono koma sizigwirizana nazo. Amagwirizana kwambiri ndi ma newts ndi achule.
salamanders onse ali ndi thupi elongated ndi mchira ndi khungu anabala. Kuonjezera apo, chiwalo cha thupi chimakulanso ngati chinalumidwa, mwachitsanzo. Salamanders saikira mazira ngati amphibians ena, koma amabereka mphutsi kapena kukhala aang'ono.
The salamanders ndi osiyana kwambiri pakati pawo. Salamander wamkulu waku Japan amakhala m'madzi mpaka kalekale. Imakula kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka ndipo imalemera mpaka ma kilogalamu 20. Mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu imakhala ku Europe: salamander yamoto ndi alpine salamander.
Kodi moto salamander amakhala bwanji?
Moto salamander amakhala pafupifupi ku Ulaya konse. Zili pafupi ndi masentimita 20 m'litali ndipo zimalemera 50 magalamu. Ndiye pafupifupi theka la chokoleti. Khungu lake ndi losalala komanso lakuda. Ili ndi mawanga achikasu kumbuyo kwake, omwe amathanso kuwunikira pang'ono. Pamene ikukula, imatulutsa khungu lake kangapo ngati njoka.
The salamander moto amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zazikulu ndi mitengo deciduous ndi coniferous. Amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi mitsinje. Amakonda chinyezi ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala kunja kukakhala mvula komanso usiku. Masana kaŵirikaŵiri imabisala m’ming’alu ya miyala, pansi pa mizu ya mitengo, kapena pansi pa nkhuni zakufa.
Moto salamanders musaikire mazira. Pambuyo pa ubwamuna, timphutsi tating'onoting'ono timakula m'mimba mwa mkazi. Zikakhala zazikulu mokwanira, zazikazi zimabereka pafupifupi mphutsi 30, m’madzi. Mofanana ndi nsomba, mphutsi zimapuma ndi mphuno. Nthawi yomweyo amadziyimira pawokha ndipo amakhala nyama zazikulu.
Moto salamanders amakonda kudya kafadala, nkhono popanda zipolopolo, earthworms, komanso akangaude, ndi tizilombo. Moto salamander amadziteteza kwa adani ake omwe ali ndi mawanga achikasu. Koma amanyamulanso poizoni pakhungu lake lomwe limamuteteza. Chitetezo ichi ndi chothandiza kwambiri kotero kuti ma salamanders amoto sagwidwa kawirikawiri.
Komabe, zoteteza moto zimatetezedwa. Ambiri a iwo amafera pansi pa mawilo a galimoto kapena chifukwa chakuti sangathe kukwera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Anthu akuchotsanso malo awo ambiri mwa kusandutsa nkhalango zosakanizika zachilengedwe kukhala nkhalango zokhala ndi mtengo umodzi wokha. Mphutsi sizingachitike m'mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda pakati pa makoma.
Kodi alpine salamander amakhala bwanji?
Alpine salamander amakhala kumapiri a Switzerland, Italy, ndi Austria mpaka ku Balkan. Imakula pafupifupi masentimita 15 m'litali. Khungu lake ndi losalala, lakuda kwambiri pamwamba, ndi lotuwa pang'ono kumbali ya mphuno.
Alpine salamander amakhala m'madera omwe ali osachepera 800 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja ndipo amaupanga mpaka okwera 2,800 mamita. Amakonda nkhalango zokhala ndi mitengo yophukira komanso ya coniferous. M'mwamba, amakhala m'malo achinyezi chamapiri, pansi pa zitsamba, ndi m'mphepete mwa scree. Amakonda chinyezi ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala kunja kukakhala mvula komanso usiku. Masana kaŵirikaŵiri imabisala m’ming’alu ya miyala, pansi pa mizu ya mitengo, kapena pansi pa nkhuni zakufa.
Alpine salamanders samayikira mazira. Ubwamuna ukakhala ndi umuna, mphutsi zimamera m’mimba mwa yaikazi. Iwo amadya yolk ndi kupuma kudzera m'matumbo. Komabe, matumbo amayamba kuchepa m'mimba. Zimenezo zimatenga zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Pobadwa, kamwanako kali kale pafupifupi masentimita anayi ndipo amatha kupuma ndi kudya yekha. Alpine salamanders amabadwa okha kapena mapasa.
Alpine salamanders amakondanso kudya kafadala, nkhono zopanda zipolopolo, earthworms, akangaude, ndi tizilombo. Alpine salamanders amangodyedwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi mapiri a jackdaws kapena magpies. Amakhalanso ndi poizoni pakhungu lawo omwe amawateteza ku matenda.
Alpine salamanders sali pachiwopsezo koma amatetezedwa. Popeza zimatenga nthawi yaitali kuti ziberekane kenako n’kubereka mwana mmodzi kapena awiri, sizingathe kuberekana msanga. Iwo ataya kale malo ambiri okhalamo chifukwa chomanga misewu ya m’mapiri ndi madamu.