Mphalapala

Mbalame zili ndi mawonekedwe apadera: zazikazi za nswala izi zochokera kumpoto kwenikweni kwa dziko lapansi zilinso ndi nyanga zamphamvu.

makhalidwe

Kodi mphalapala zimawoneka bwanji?

Mbawala ndi za m'banja la nswala ndipo zimapanga gulu la agwape. Kutalika kwawo ndi 130 mpaka 220 centimita. Kutalika kwa mapewa ndi 80 mpaka 150 centimita. Amalemera pakati pa 60 ndi 315 kilogalamu. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala akuluakulu komanso olemera kuposa aakazi.

Mitu yawo ndi thunthu lawo ndi lalitali ndithu, ndipo miyendo yawo ndi yotalikirapo. Mchira wamfupi, ziboda zazikulu. Mosiyana ndi nswala zina zonse, mphalapala yaikazi ilinso ndi nyanga. Amuna amakhetsa nyanga zawo m'dzinja ndi zazikazi m'nyengo yachisanu. Kenako nyangazo zimameranso m’zonse ziwirizo.

Mipiringidzoyo ndi yophwanyika pang'ono. Iwo ndi owala mu mtundu ndipo anamanga asymmetrically. Izi zimasiyanitsa mphalapala ndi mphalapala zina zonse. Zonsezi, nyangazi zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri poyerekezera ndi kukula kwa nyama. Amunawa ali ndi thumba lapakhosi pakhosi pawo lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati chokulitsa mawu. Mitundu ya ku North America ndi Greenlandic subspecies ili ndi mano aatali, oyera pansi pa khosi lawo. Mbalame zimakhala ndi ubweya wokhuthala womwe umasiyanasiyana m'chilimwe ndi yozizira.

Kodi mphalapala zimakhala kuti?

Mbalamezi zimakhala kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Asia, Europe, ndi North America. Kumeneko amakhala kumadera a polar ndi subpolar.

Mbalamezi zimapezeka ku tundra ndi taiga, mwachitsanzo, kumpoto kwenikweni kwa nkhalango.

Kodi pali nyama zamtundu wanji?

Pali mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya mphalapala, koma zonse ndi zofanana kwambiri. Mbalamezi ndi monga mphalapala zakumpoto kwa Ulaya, mphalapala za ku Svalbard, mphalapala zotchedwa tundra reindeer, mphalapala wa ku nkhalango za kumadzulo kapenanso mtundu wina wa caribou, ndi nyama zinazake zosabala.

Zonse zimasiyana kwambiri ndi kukula kwake: zomwe zimatchedwa reindeer za m'nkhalango, zomwe makamaka zimakhala m'nkhalango, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kuposa nsomba za tundra, zomwe makamaka zimakhala ku tundra. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ubweya wakuda kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana idayamba chifukwa mphezi zimakhala m'magulu ambiri. Iwo adazolowerana ndi zochitika zapadera kwambiri zachilengedwe.

Kuphatikiza pa ng'ombe zoweta za a Sami, kumpoto kwa Ulaya kudakali ndi nyama zakutchire: gulu lalikulu kwambiri la nyama zakutchire ku Ulaya limapezeka pa malo otchedwa Hardangervidda, mapiri kum'mwera kwa Norway. Gulu limeneli lili ndi ziweto pafupifupi 10,000. Apo ayi, nyama zakutchire ndizosowa kwambiri ku Ulaya.

Kodi mphalapala zimafika zaka zingati?

Arendeer amakhala zaka 12 mpaka 15. Komabe, nyama zina zimafika zaka 20 kapena kukhala ndi moyo wautali.

Khalani

Kodi mphalapala zimakhala bwanji?

Mbalame zimakhala m'magulu akuluakulu, omwe amatha kukhala ndi ziweto mazana angapo - nthawi zambiri mpaka 40,000 nyama ku Canada. Chifukwa chakuti amakhala m’dera limene kuli chipale chofeŵa ndi madzi oundana kwa miyezi yambiri, iwo amasamuka kwambiri chaka chonse kuti akapeze chakudya chokwanira.

Nthawi zina zimadutsa mtunda wa makilomita 1000 komanso kuwoloka mitsinje ikuluikulu chifukwa nyamazi zimasambiranso bwino. Gulu lililonse limatsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri.

Koma palinso chifukwa china chofunika kwambiri chimene chimachititsa kusamuka kumeneku: M’chilimwe, kwawo kwa mbawala kumakhala udzudzu mabiliyoni ambiri, makamaka m’madera achinyezi, m’munsi, amene amazunza ndi kulasa mphalapala. Mbalamezi zimapewa tizilomboti tikamasamukira kumapiri m’nyengo yachilimwe, kumene udzudzu umakhala wochepa.

Pofuna kulimbana ndi kuzizira koopsa kwa nyengo yachisanu ya ku Nordic, mphalapala zili ndi ubweya wonyezimira kwambiri kuposa agwape ena: Tsitsi lochuluka kuwirikiza katatu limamera pakhungu lalikulu sentimita imodzi ngati la gwape athu. Kuphatikiza apo, tsitsili ndi lopanda kanthu komanso lodzaza ndi mpweya. Ubweya umapanga wosanjikiza wabwino kwambiri woteteza. Chitsanzo cha gulu la mphalapala ndi phokoso lophwanyika lomwe limapangidwa ndi minyewa ya akakolo pamene ikuyenda.

Mbalame zimatha kutambasula ziboda zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, pali masitepe pakati pa zala. Mwanjira imeneyi, nyamazo sizimamira ndipo zimatha kuyenda bwino m’chipale chofewa kapena m’nthaka yofewa. Nyangazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amuna pomenya nkhondo motsatizana akamamenyana ndi zazikazi panyengo yokwerera. Sizidziwika kuti n’chifukwa chiyani anyaniwa alinso ndi tinyanga.

Mpweya ndiwo moyo wa Asami a kumpoto kwa Scandinavia ndi anthu ena ambiri a kumpoto kwa Asia ndi North America. Mwachitsanzo, Asami amaŵeta ng’ombe zambirimbiri ndipo amayendayenda m’mapiri ndi m’nkhalango za kumpoto kwa Sweden, kumpoto kwa Norway, ndi ku Finland ndi ng’ombe zimenezi. Zimakhala ndi mnofu wa nyama zimenezi. Kale ankagwiritsa ntchito zikopa pomanga mahema ndi zovala. Zinyamazi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zonyamula katundu komanso zonyamula katundu.

Masiku ano, ng'ombezo nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa ndi helikopita ndikuthamangitsidwa kumadera apansi ndi abusa ochepa omwe atsala. Mosiyana ndi nyama zotchedwa caribou za ku North America, mphalapala zakumpoto kwa Ulaya n’zoŵeta ndipo zimakonda anthu.

Kwa ife, mphalapala zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi lingaliro la Khrisimasi: zimatengedwa ngati nyama zokoka panja pa Santa Claus.

Anzanu ndi adani a mphalapala

Mimbulu ndi zilombo zina monga nkhandwe, nkhandwe, lynxes, ndi mbalame zodya nyama zitha kukhala zowopsa kwa ana, odwala, kapena akalulu akale. Koma mdani wamkulu ndi munthu, amene amasaka nyamazi kwambiri, makamaka ku North America.

Kodi mphalapala zimaswana bwanji?

Kutengera dera, nyengo ya rutting ndi kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka koyambirira kwa Novembala. Kenako anyani amphongo amamenyana ndi adani awo ndikuyesera kugonjetsa akazi ambiri momwe angathere.

Mwana nthawi zambiri amabadwa patatha masiku 192 mpaka 246 atakwererana, chapakati pa Meyi. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala achinyamata awiri. Mwana wa ng’ombe akamabadwa, m’pamenenso amakula bwino: ndiye amakhala ndi nthawi yambiri yoti akule ndikukula mwamphamvu mpaka m’nyengo yozizira. Nyamazo zimakhwima pakugonana pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndi theka.

Kodi mphalapala zimalankhulana bwanji?

M’nyengo ya njuchi, mphalapala yaimuna imapanga phokoso, monga ngati chiwalo cha m’thupi mpaka kung’ung’udza.

Chisamaliro

Kodi mphalapala zimadya chiyani?

Zakudya za mphalapala ndizochepa: makamaka zimadya moss, zomwe zimamerabe pansi komanso miyala ya kumadera a polar ngakhale kumalo ozizira kwambiri. Mbalamezi zimakumba nderezi ndi ziboda zake, ngakhale pa chipale chofewa chakuya kwambiri. Amadyanso ndere, udzu, ndi zitsamba zina. Chakudya chovuta kuchigayidwachi poyamba chimangotafunidwa. Pambuyo pake, nyamazo zimabwezeretsanso chakudyacho ndikuchikutafuna - mofanana ndi ng'ombe.