Mary Allen
Mbalame ndi nyama yoyamwitsa. Ndi ya banja la gwape. Mbawala ndi mtundu wokhawo wa nswala womwe umawetedwa ndi anthu. Zimakhala kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Ulaya ndi Asia, kumene zimatchedwa reindeer kapena reindeer. Zambiri zimatchedwa reindeer kapena reindeer. Mitundu yomweyi imapezekanso ku Canada ndi ku Alaska. Kumeneko amatchedwa caribou, chinenero cha ku India.
Kukula kwa mphalapala kumadalira komwe kumakhala. Ikhoza kukula mpaka kukula ngati pony, komanso yolemera mofanana. Imavala ubweya wokhuthala ndi tsitsi lalitali motsutsana ndi kuzizira. M'nyengo yozizira, chovalacho chimakhala chopepuka pang'ono kuposa m'chilimwe. Mbalame yotchedwa Peary caribou imakhala pachilumba china ku Canada. Ndi pafupifupi yoyera choncho zovuta kwambiri kuona mu chisanu.
Mphepete amavala nyanga ngati nswala, koma ndi zinthu zochepa zapadera: mbali ziwirizi si galasi-inverted, mwachitsanzo symmetrical, koma zosiyana kotheratu. Mbalame yaikazi ndiyo yokhayo yokhala ndi nyanga, ngakhale kuti ndi yaying'ono kuposa yamphongo. Akazi amakhetsa nyanga zawo m'nyengo ya masika ndi amuna m'dzinja. Komabe, onse awiri amangotaya theka la nyanga nthawi imodzi, kotero theka la nyanga imakhalabe nthawi zonse. Si zoona kuti mphalapala zimagwiritsa ntchito mphalapala zake pochotsa chipale chofewacho.
Kodi mphalapala zimakhala bwanji?
Mbalame zimakhala zoweta. Ziweto zimatha kukhala zazikulu: mpaka 100,000 nyama, ku Alaska pali ngakhale gulu la nyama theka la milioni. M’ziŵetozi, mphalapala zimasamukira kum’mwera kotentha m’dzinja ndi kubwerera kumpoto m’kasupe, nthaŵi zonse kukafunafuna chakudya, mwachitsanzo, udzu ndi moss. Pamapeto pake, amagawanika m’magulu ang’onoang’ono. Ndiye pali nyama 10 mpaka 100 zokha pamodzi.
M'dzinja, amuna amayesa kusonkhanitsa gulu la akazi kuzungulira iwo. Yaimuna imagonana ndi akazi ambiri momwe ndingathere. Yaikazi imanyamula mwana wake m’mimba pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Nthawi zonse imakhala imodzi yokha. Kubadwa kumachitika mu Meyi kapena June. Pambuyo pa ola limodzi imatha kuyenda kale, kutsatira amayi ake, ndi kumwa mkaka kuchokera kwa iwo. Ana ang’onoang’ono amafa kokha nyengo yamvula komanso yozizira kwambiri. Pakatha pafupifupi zaka ziwiri, kamwana kameneka kamatha kukhala ndi ana akeake. Ng'ombe zamphongo zimakhala zaka 12 mpaka 15.
Adani a reindeer ndi mimbulu, lynx, zimbalangondo, ndi nkhandwe, marten wapadera. Komabe, mphalapala zathanzi nthawi zambiri zimatha kuposa adani amenewa. Kumbali ina, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zoipa, makamaka udzudzu wa kumtunda.
Kodi anthu amagwiritsa ntchito bwanji mphalapala?
Anthu akhala akusaka nyama zakutchire kuyambira Stone Age. Nyama imagayidwa. Ubweya ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusoka zovala kapena mahema. Zida zitha kupangidwa kuchokera ku nyanga ndi mafupa.
Sikuti anthu amasaka nyama zakutchire zokha, komanso amasunga nyama ngati ziweto. Pachifukwa chimenechi, nyama zakutchire zinkawetedwa pang’ono chabe. Mpweya woweta ndi wabwino kunyamula katundu kapena kukoka masileya. M'nkhani zambiri, Santa Claus ali ndi mphalapala kutsogolo kwa kawola kake.
Masiku ano ziweto za amphaka zili ndi ufulu woyendayenda, anthu amangowatsatira. Kenako amawasonkhanitsa, kuika chizindikiro anawo ndi kutenga nyama iliyonse kuti akaphe kapena kuigulitsa. Mukasunga nyama yamphongo pafupi, mukhoza kumwa mkaka wake kapena kuupanga kukhala tchizi. Mkaka wa mphodza ndi wopatsa thanzi kuposa mkaka wa ng'ombe zathu.