Makoswe

Makoswe osungidwa ngati ziweto amachokera ku makoswe abulauni. Ankanena kuti anasamuka ku Asia kupita ku Ulaya. Koma adadza Kumadzulo ndi zombo ndi apaulendo.

makhalidwe

Kodi khoswe amawoneka bwanji?

Makoswe abulauni ndi makoswe ndipo amachokera ku banja la mbewa. Amalemera magalamu 200 mpaka 400, nthawi zina mpaka 500 magalamu. Thupi lawo ndi 20 mpaka 28 centimita ndipo mchira wawo ndi 17 mpaka 23 centimita utali. Mchira wa makoswe ndi wamfupi kuposa thupi ndipo umawoneka ngati "wamaliseche". Mchira umenewo ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe anthu amanyansidwa ndi makoswe. Sali wamaliseche koma ali ndi mizere yambirimbiri ya mamba omwe amamera tsitsi. Tsitsili limakhala ngati tinyanga tomwe khoswe amamutsogolera.

Ndipo mchira wa khosweyo ulinso ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri: Khoswe amatha kuugwiritsa ntchito podzithandiza okha pokwera ndipo motero amasunga bwino. Ndi mtundu wa thermometer yomwe khoswe amagwiritsa ntchito powongolera kutentha kwa thupi lake. Makoswe a bulauni amakhala otuwa mpaka kudera lakuda-bulauni kapena ofiira-bulauni pamsana pawo, ndipo mimba yawo imakhala yoyera. Maso ndi makutu awo ndi ang'onoang'ono. Makutu ali ndi tsitsi lalifupi, mphuno ndi yosasunthika, mchira ndi wosabala komanso wandiweyani. Mapazi ndi apinki.

Kuwonjezera pa nyama zokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimenezi, palinso nyama zakuda, zina zokhala ndi zigamba zoyera pachifuwa. Makoswe omwe amasungidwa ngati ziweto masiku ano onse ndi mbadwa za makoswe a bulauni. Iwo adawetedwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu: tsopano pali nyama zamawanga. Makoswe a labu oyera nawonso amachokera ku makoswe abulauni.

Khoswe amakhala kuti

Khoswe wa bulauni kukakhala kwawo kumapiri a ku Siberia, kumpoto kwa China, ndi ku Mongolia. Kuchokera kumeneko adagonjetsa dziko lonse lapansi: adayendayenda padziko lonse lapansi ngati stowaways pa zombo ndi njira zina zambiri zoyendera ndipo amapezeka kulikonse lero.

Makoswe a bulauni akuthengo amakhala m’mapiri ndi m’minda. Kumeneko amapanga mikwingwirima yokhala ndi nthambi zambiri pansi pa nthaka. Makoswe a bulauni ankakondana kwambiri ndi anthu kalekale. Masiku ano amakhala m'ma cellars, pantries, khola, m'malo otaya zinyalala, komanso m'malo otaya zimbudzi - mokongola kulikonse.

Ndi makoswe amtundu wanji?

Khoswe wa bulauni amafanana kwambiri ndi khoswe wa m’nyumba ( Rattus rattus ). Ndiwocheperako pang'ono, ali ndi maso ndi makutu akuluakulu, ndipo mchira wake ndi wautali pang'ono kuposa thupi lake. Ku Germany anakankhidwira kunja ndi makoswe abulauni ndipo tsopano ndi osowa kwambiri ku Germany moti amatetezedwa. Makoswe ali ndi achibale ena ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Sizikudziwika kuti ndi angati. Mitundu yopitilira 500 ya makoswe imadziwika mpaka pano.

Kodi khoswe amakhala ndi zaka zingati?

Makoswe omwe amasungidwa ngati ziweto amakhala zaka zitatu.

Khalani

Kodi makoswe amakhala bwanji?

Makoswe a bulauni ndi opulumuka mwangwiro. Kulikonse kumene anthu amakhala, kuli makoswe. Ziribe kanthu kuti ndi makontinenti ati omwe Azungu adapeza m'zaka mazana angapo zapitazi: makoswe analipo. Chifukwa chakuti sadziwa malo enieni, anagonjetsa mwamsanga nyumba yawo yatsopano.

Makoswe adaphunzira koyambirira: komwe kuli anthu, palinso chakudya! Sizidziwika nthawi yeniyeni yomwe makoswe a bulauni adalumikizana ndi anthu: zikadakhalapo zaka masauzande angapo zapitazo, komanso zikadakhalapo zaka mazana angapo zapitazo.

Makoswe amangodzuka madzulo ndipo amakhala achangu usiku. Pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya makoswe a bulauni ku Germany amakhala panja. Amapanga njira zazikulu zapansi pa nthaka ndi mazenje okhala ndi miphika yokhala ndi zakudya zokhala ndi masamba ndi udzu wouma.

Makoswe enawo amakhala m’nyumba, m’chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, kapena, mwachitsanzo, m’zimbudzi. Amamanganso zisa mmenemo. Malo okhalamo awa ndi madera a makoswe ndipo amatetezedwa mwamphamvu ndi nyama zakunja. Makoswe nthawi zambiri amapanga maulendo enieni kukasaka chakudya: Amayenda mtunda wa makilomita atatu kuti akapeze chakudya. Makoswe ndi okwera bwino, osambira, komanso osambira bwino kwambiri.

Makoswe amakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, lomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kudziwa ngati chakudya ndi choyenera kudya kapena ayi. Ngati chiweto chikukana chakudyacho - mwachitsanzo, chifukwa ndi chapoizoni - mamembala enanso amasiya chakudyacho pomwe chili.

Makoswe ndi nyama zokondana kwambiri. Amakonda gulu ndipo amakhala m'magulu akuluakulu a mabanja momwe nyama 60 mpaka 200 zimadya. Sikuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zodekha komanso zodekha pamenepo: makoswe amakhala ndi utsogoleri wokhazikika, womwe nthawi zambiri umatsimikiziridwa mu ndewu zowopsa.

Makoswe amatha kuswana mofulumira kwambiri. N’chifukwa chake m’mizinda ina yaikulu muli makoswe ambiri kuposa anthu. Amuna amatha kubereka ali ndi miyezi itatu, akazi pasanapite nthawi. Amakhala ndi ana mpaka kasanu ndi kawiri pachaka.

Anzanu ndi adani a khoswe

Nkhandwe zofiira, martens, polecats, agalu, amphaka, kapena akadzidzi akhoza kukhala oopsa kwa makoswe.

Kodi makoswe amaswana bwanji?

Makoswe amphongo ndi akazi sakhalira limodzi ngati awiriawiri. Mkazi nthawi zambiri amakwatiwa ndi amuna ambiri - ndipo izi zimatheka chaka chonse. Pambuyo pa masiku 22 mpaka 24, yaikazi imabala ana asanu ndi mmodzi mpaka asanu ndi anayi, nthawi zina 13 aang’ono. Nthawi zambiri yaikazi imaberekera ana ake pachisa cha anthu onse, ndipo ana a makoswe amaleredwa limodzi ndi amayi osiyanasiyana. Makoswe ang’onoang’ono amene amayi awo anamwalira amasamaliridwa ndi amayi awo omwe atsala.

Makoswe amwana ndi nyama zenizeni zachisa: akhungu ndi amaliseche, ali ndi khungu lapinki, lokwinya. Amangotsegula maso awo akakwanitsa masiku khumi ndi asanu. Tsopano ubweya wake wakula. Amayamba kuzindikira pang'onopang'ono malo awo. Amachoka kudzenje kwa nthawi yoyamba ali ndi masabata atatu. Makoswe ang'onoang'ono amaseweretsa kwambiri komanso amaseweretsa anzawo.

Kodi makoswe amasaka bwanji?

Nthawi zina makoswe amakhala adani: amatha kudyera mbalame ngakhalenso zamsana mpaka kukula kwa kalulu. Koma si makoswe onse abulauni amachita zimenezo. Nthawi zambiri ndi paketi zina zomwe zimayamba kusaka.

Kodi makoswe amalankhulana bwanji?

Nthawi zambiri mumangomva kulira kwa makoswe, koma amathanso kulira ndi kulira. Makoswe "kulankhula" wina ndi mzake mu otchedwa akupanga osiyanasiyana. Komabe, anthu sangamve kalikonse pagululi.