Chithunzi cha European Pond Turtle

Emys orbicularis, akamba aku Europe omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe ku Germany ndipo ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha mdziko muno. Bungwe la German Society for Herpetology (DGHT mwachidule) lalemekeza mtundu wa zokwawa izi ndi mphoto "Reptile of the Year 2015" chifukwa cha chitetezo chapadera. Adalemba Dr. Axel Kwet patsamba lofikira la DGHT:

Kamba waku Europe wa pond ndi woyenerera bwino ngati malo osungira zachilengedwe zakumaloko ndipo amayimira mitundu ina yambiri kuti adziwe za kuwonongeka kwa zokwawa komanso zamoyo zam'madzi zaku Central Europe ndi malo awo okhala.

Emys Orbicularis - Mitundu Yotetezedwa Molimba

Malinga ndi Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV), zamoyozi zimatetezedwa kwambiri ndipo zalembedwanso mu Zowonjezera II ndi IV za Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43 / EEC ya Meyi 21, 1992) komanso mu Zowonjezera II za Bern Convention. (1979) pa kuteteza nyama zakuthengo za ku Europe ndi malo awo achilengedwe.

Pazifukwa zomwe zatchulidwazi, nyamazo zimalembedwa mwalamulo ndipo mumafunika chilolezo chapadera kuti musunge, chomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ku maboma oyenerera. Ndi zoletsedwa kugulitsa nyama popanda kukhala ndi mapepala oyenera. Pogula, muyenera kulabadira kupeza ananena kuvomerezedwa zilolezo.

Nthawi zambiri, mumayenera kugula nyama kudzera mwa oweta apadera. Malo ogulitsa ziweto nthawi zambiri amakhala akamba okhala ndi makutu amitundu yowoneka bwino ochokera ku North America omwe ndi osavuta kupeza kwa ogulitsa ndipo amatha kugulidwa motchipa kwa kasitomala. Pofufuza malo abwino operekera, maofesi a Chowona Zanyama am'deralo atha kukuthandizani.

Kusintha kwa Kamba waku Pond waku Europe ku Nyengo

Kamba waku Europe wa pond amasinthidwa kuti azigwirizana ndi nyengo yabwino kuti muthe kusunga zamoyozi momasuka - makamaka mitundu ya Emys orbicularis orbicularis. Kuphatikiza pa kuwasunga ndi kuwasamalira mu dziwe, palinso mwayi wosunga nyama mu aqua terrarium. European dziwe kamba M'mabuku oyenerera akatswiri, kusunga ndi kusamalira nyama zachinyamata (mpaka zaka zitatu) mu aqua terrarium akulimbikitsidwa. Apo ayi, ulimi waufulu - kupatulapo matenda, kuti acclimatization, ndi zina zotero - ndi bwino, ngakhale nyama zazikulu zingathe kusungidwa mu vivarium, zomwe mwazinthu zina zimapereka mwayi wosamalira ndi kulamulira anthu. Zifukwa zowasungira kuti zikhale zaufulu zingakhale zochitika zachilengedwe za tsiku ndi chaka komanso mphamvu zosiyana siyana za dzuwa, zomwe zimapindulitsa pa thanzi ndi chikhalidwe cha akamba. Kuwonjezera apo, maiwe okhala ndi zomera zoyenera komanso malo achilengedwe angaimire malo achilengedwe. Makhalidwe a nyama amatha kuwonedwa mosaipitsidwa m'malo pafupifupi achilengedwe: Kuwona kwa kuwonetsetsa kumawonjezeka.

Zofunika Zochepa Posunga

Mukamasunga ndi kusamalira Emys orbicularis, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mukutsatira mfundo zochepa zomwe zalembedwa:

• Malinga ndi "Lipoti la zofunikira zochepa zosungira zokwawa" za 10.01.1997, alonda amayenera kuonetsetsa kuti pamene awiri a Emys orbicularis (kapena akamba awiri) akusungidwa m'madzi a aqua terrarium, malo awo oyambira madzi ndi. osachepera kasanu lalikulu ndi yaitali monga chipolopolo kutalika kwa nyama yaikulu, ndipo m'lifupi ndi osachepera theka la kutalika kwa aqua terrarium. Kutalika kwa mulingo wamadzi kuyenera kuwirikiza kawiri m'lifupi mwake.
• Pa kamba iliyonse yowonjezera yomwe imakhala mu aqua terrarium yomweyo, 10% iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku miyeso iyi, kuchokera ku nyama yachisanu 20%.
• Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lofunikira la malo liyenera kusamalidwa.
• Pogula aqua terrarium, kukula kwa kukula kwa nyama kuyenera kuganiziridwa, chifukwa zofunikira zochepa zimasintha moyenerera.
• Malinga ndi lipotilo, kutentha kowala kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi. 30 ° C.

Rogner (2009) amalimbikitsa kutentha kwa pafupifupi. 35 ° C-40 ° C mu chowotcha chowala chowunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuyanika kwathunthu kwa khungu la chokwawa ndikupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Malinga ndi lipotilo, zida zina zofunika zochepa ndi:

• gawo lapansi loyenera la nthaka pamtunda wokwanira,
• pobisalira,
• mwayi wokwera (miyala, nthambi, nthambi) za kukula ndi miyeso yoyenera,
• mwina kubzala kuti mupange microclimate yoyenera, monga malo obisala, mwa zina,
• posunga okhwima pakugonana akazi oikira dzira njira zapadera zoyikira dzira.

Kusunga mu Aquaterrarium

Aquaterrariums ndi abwino kwambiri kusunga zitsanzo zing'onozing'ono za akamba a dziwe la ku Ulaya, monga nyama zachinyamata za B., ndipo amakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri pa moyo ndi chitukuko cha zinyama. Ndalama zogulira ziwiya zofunika nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi ulimi waulere.

Kukula kochepa kwa aqua terrarium kumachokera ku zofunikira zochepa zomwe zalembedwa (onani pamwambapa). Monga nthawi zonse, izi ndi zofunika zochepa. Aqua terrariums akuluakulu ndi abwino nthawi zonse.

Malo a vivarium ayenera kusankhidwa kuti pasakhale chotchinga kapena kuwonongeka pamalo ozungulira a zitseko ndi mazenera ndipo posankha chipinda, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti zisasokonezedwe nthawi zonse ndi phokoso kuti nyama zisamavutike. Makoma oyandikana nawo ayenera kukhala owuma kuti ateteze kupangika kwa nkhungu.

Pazifukwa zaukhondo, n’kwanzerunso kupanga gawo lalikulu la nthaka kukhalapo, popeza madzi ali m’malo abwino a mabakiteriya, mafangasi, ndi tizilombo tina tating’ono toyambitsa matenda a kamba wa m’dziwe.

Kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zoyenera ndikofunikira pakuyanika ndi kutenthetsa kamba, kuphatikiza nyali zachitsulo za halide molumikizana ndi nyali za fulorosenti. Pofuna kupewa kuthwanima kwa nyali ya fulorosenti, ma ballast amagetsi (EVG) ndi abwino kuposa ma ballast wamba. Posankha kuyatsa, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti pali kuwala koyenera kwa UV, ngakhale nyali zofananirazo ndizokwera mtengo koma ndizofunikira kwambiri pa metabolism ndi thanzi la kamba. Pankhani ya kuyatsa, malo enieni a tsiku ndi chaka ayenera kutsatiridwa kuti atsimikizire malo ogona omwe ali achilengedwe momwe angathere. Zowerengera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Amathandiza kuti nyale zizizimitsa ndi kuzimitsa masana.

Kuwunika pafupipafupi kwa madzi komanso kusintha kwamadzi potengera zosowa ndizofunikira pakukonza. Kusinthaku kutha kuchitika kudzera mu ma valve otayira kapena kudzera mu "njira yoyamwa payipi". Zosefera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bola ngati sizikubweretsa mafunde osayenera omwe amazungulira akamba ndi mbali zina zamadzi mozungulira ndikupangitsa kuti nyama ziwonjezeke kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Palinso njira yolumikizira payipi yobwerera ku fyuluta pamwamba pa madzi. Kung'ambikako kumapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino ndipo motero umapangitsa madzi kukhala abwino.

Bächtiger (2005) amalimbikitsa kupewa kusefa kwamakina kwa maiwe omwe ali pafupi ndi zenera. Kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa a mussel ndi ma hyacinths ngati kusefa kwachilengedwe ndikomveka: Dothi lotayirira limachotsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndipo beseni limadzazidwa ndi madzi abwino.

Nthambi (monga nthambi yolemera kwambiri ya Sambucus nigra) ndi zina zotero zimatha kukhazikitsidwa m'madzi ndikukonza dziwe. Akamba a m'dziwe amatha kukwera pamwamba pake ndi kufunafuna malo oyenera padzuwa. Zomera za m'madzi zoyandama m'mbali ina ya dziwe zimaphimba ndikuteteza.

Kudyetsa ndi kuyang'anira kadyedwe kake ndizofunikira kwambiri powasunga ndi kuwasamalira. Podyetsa ana aang'ono, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti ali ndi mapuloteni okwanira. Muyeneranso kulabadira kudya kwambiri calcium. Mu dziwe, mungathe kuchita popanda chakudya chowonjezera, chifukwa nthawi zambiri pamakhala nkhono zambiri, nyongolotsi, tizilombo, mphutsi, ndi zina zotero. , chakudya, mafuta, mavitamini, ndi mchere.

Nyongolotsi komanso mphutsi za tizilombo ndi zidutswa za ng'ombe, zomwe zawonjezeredwa ndi mavitamini ndi mineral supplements, ndizoyenera kudyetsa zowonjezera. Simuyenera kudyetsa nkhuku zosaphika chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha salmonella. Simuyenera kudyetsa nsomba kawirikawiri chifukwa imakhala ndi thiaminase, yomwe imalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa vitamini B. Kudyetsa timitengo tomwe tingagulidwe ndikosavuta makamaka. Komabe, muyenera kuonetsetsa zakudya zosiyanasiyana ndipo samalani kuti musadyetse nyama!

Zotengera zoyika ziyenera kupangidwira akazi okhwima pakugonana (Bächtiger, 2005), omwe amadzazidwa ndi mchenga ndi peat. Kuzama kwa gawo lapansi kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 20 cm. Chosakanizacho chiyenera kukhala chonyowa kwanthawizonse kuti dzenje la dzira lisagwe pa nthawi yokumba. Chotenthetsera chowala (nyali ya HQI) iyenera kuyikidwa pamwamba pa malo aliwonse ogona. Kutentha koyenera kwamtundu wamtunduwu kumayimira vuto lalikulu kwa anthu wamba. Pali mwayi wosiyanasiyana pano. Kumbali imodzi, nyama zimatha kubisala mufiriji pa kutentha pang'ono pamwamba pa kuzizira, komano, akamba amatha kubisala m'chipinda chozizira (4 ° -6 ° C), chipinda chamdima.

Kusunga mu Pond

Malo abwino opangira ma Emys akunja ayenera kupereka dzuwa lochuluka momwe angathere, kotero mbali yakumwera ndiyothandiza kwambiri. Ndikwabwino kulola kutenthedwa ndi dzuwa kuchokera kum'mawa m'mawa kwambiri. Mitengo yodula mitengo ndi mikwingwirima isakhale pafupi ndi dziwe, chifukwa masamba akugwa kapena singano zimasokoneza madzi.

Mpanda wotsimikizira kuthawa ndi wosawoneka bwino kapena zofananira zimalimbikitsidwa pamalire a dongosolo. Zomangamanga zamatabwa zomwe zimafanana ndi mozondoka-pansi L ndizoyenera kwambiri pano, chifukwa nyama sizitha kukwera pamatabwa opingasa. Koma mipanda yopangidwa ndi miyala yosalala, konkriti kapena zinthu zapulasitiki zatsimikiziranso zokha.

Muyenera kupewa kukwera zomera ndi zitsamba zazikulu m'mphepete mwa dongosolo. Emys ndi ojambula owona kukwera ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mwayi wambiri wofufuza malo ozungulira.

Mpanda uyenera kumizidwa masentimita angapo pansi kuti usawonongeke. Perekani chitetezo ku zilombo zolusa (monga mbalame zolusa), makamaka kwa nyama zing'onozing'ono, ukonde kapena gululi panjira.

Pansi padziwe pakhoza kukutidwa ndi dongo, konkire, ndi kudzazidwa ndi miyala kapena itha kupangidwa ngati dziwe la zojambulazo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito maiwe apulasitiki opangidwa kale kapena mphasa zapulasitiki zolimbitsa magalasi. Langer (2003) akufotokoza kugwiritsa ntchito mateti a GRP omwe tawatchulawa.

Kubzala m'dera lamadzi kungasankhidwe momasuka. Ndi maiwe a zojambulazo, komabe, ma bulrushes ayenera kupewedwa, chifukwa mizu imatha kuboola zojambulazo.

Mähn (2003) amalimbikitsa mitundu ya zomera zotsatirazi m'dera lamadzi la dongosolo la Emys:

• Common Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum)
• Madzi a crowfoot ( Ranunculus aquatilis )
• Nkhanu nkhanu (Statiotes aloides)
• Duckweed (Lemna gibba; Lemna minor)
• Kulumidwa ndi achule (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae)
• Pond rose (Nuphar lutea)
• Kakombo wamadzi (Nymphaea sp.)

Mähn (2003) amatchula mitundu iyi yobzala ku banki:

• Woimira banja la sedge (Carex sp.)
• Supuni ya chule (Alisma plantago-aquatica)
• Mitundu yaying'ono ya iris (Iris sp.)
• Northern pike herb (Pontederia cordata)
• Marsh marigold (Caltha palustris)

Zomera zowirira sizimangothandiza kuyeretsa madzi komanso malo obisalamo nyama. Ana a akamba aku Europe amakonda kumawotha ndi dzuwa pamasamba a kakombo. Akambawo amapeza chakudya kumeneko ndipo amatha kukonzekera bwino momwe amadyera. Kusaka nyama kumafuna mphamvu zamagalimoto, chemosensory ndi luso lowoneka ndipo kumafuna kugwirizana. Izi zipangitsa kuti akamba anu azikhala olimba komanso kuti asamve bwino.

Dziwe liyeneradi kukhala ndi madzi osaya omwe amatenthetsa msanga.

Madera akuya apadziwe nawonso amafunikira, chifukwa madzi ozizira amafunikira pakuwongolera kutentha.

Kuzama kwamadzi ocheperako nyengo yozizira nyama m'khola lakunja kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi pafupifupi. 80 cm (m'madera okondedwa ndi nyengo, mwinamwake 100 cm).

Nthambi zotuluka m'madzi a dziwe ndikupatsa akamba mwayi wowotha kwambiri ndi dzuwa nthawi yomweyo ndikubisala pansi pamadzi nthawi yomweyo pangozi.

Mukamasunga amuna awiri kapena kuposerapo, muyenera kupanga malo otseguka omwe amakhala ndi maiwe osachepera awiri, chifukwa madera a nyama zakutchire amabweretsa nkhawa. Nyama zofooka zimatha kuthawira ku dziwe lina ndipo ndewu za mdera zimapewedwa.

Kukula kwa dziwe ndikofunikanso: m'dera lalikulu lamadzi, ndi kubzala koyenera, kukhazikika kwachilengedwe kumakhazikitsidwa, kotero kuti machitidwewa sakhala osamalira, omwe ndi abwino kwambiri kumbali imodzi ndikupewa kulowererapo kosafunikira. m'malo okhala pa ena. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mapampu ndi machitidwe a fyuluta akhoza kuperekedwa pansi pazimenezi.

Popanga banki, muyenera kulabadira madera osaya kwambiri m'mabanki kuti nyama zichoke m'madzi mosavuta (nyama zazing'ono ndi zazikulu zimamira mosavuta ngati madera akubanki ali otsetsereka kwambiri kapena osalala kwambiri). Makatani a kokonati omangika kapena miyala yamwala m'mphepete mwa madzi imatha kukhala zothandizira.

Malo opangira mazira a akazi okhwima ogonana ayenera kupezeka panja. Mähn (2003) amalimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa milu yoyikira mazira. Chisakanizo cha gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mchenga ndi magawo awiri mwa magawo atatu a dothi la loamy lamaluwa akulimbikitsidwa ngati gawo lapansi. Mapiri awa ayenera kupangidwa popanda zomera. Kutalika kwa malowa ndi pafupifupi 25 cm, m'mimba mwake pafupifupi 80 cm, malowa ayenera kusankhidwa ngati atakhala ndi dzuwa momwe angathere. Nthawi zina, mbewuyo ndi yoyenera kufalitsa mwachilengedwe. Mndandanda wofananira ukhoza kupezeka mu Rogner (2009, 117).

Zotsalira zonse za zomera zimatha kumera ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira.

Kutsiliza

Posunga ndi kusamalira chokwawa chomwe chili chosowa komanso chotetezedwa, mumachita nawo ntchito yosamalira mitundu. Komabe, simuyenera kupeputsa zomwe mukufuna: kusamalira zamoyo zotetezedwa m'njira yoyenera, makamaka kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri yomwe imafuna nthawi yambiri, kudzipereka, ndi khama.