Mary Allen
Permafrost ndi nthaka yomwe imazizira chaka chonse. Choncho amatchedwanso permafrost. Nthawi zina munthu amangolankhula za permafrost mwachidule.
Pali permafrost komwe kumakhala kozizira kwambiri, mwachitsanzo ku Arctic, ku Antarctic, kapena kufupi kwawo. Tundra ndi taiga zimakhudzidwa kwambiri. Greenland ili pafupifupi kwathunthu ndi permafrost, Alaska inayi pachisanu, Russia theka, ndi China pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu. Palinso permafrost m'mapiri ambiri, mwachitsanzo kumapiri a Himalaya ndi Alps. Wosanjikiza wa permafrost ukhoza kukhala mamita angapo mpaka 1500 metres.
Permafrost ndizovuta kwambiri. Misewu yambiri inamangidwa pamenepo. Panyumba, anthu nthawi zambiri ankabowola mabowo akuya pansi ndi kuikamo nsanamira. Nyumbazi zili ngati nyumba zomangidwa pansi pa nthaka yachisanu. Malo ambiri okwerera magalimoto oyendera ma cable ndi malo odyera akumapiri alinso pamalo oundana otere.
Zinyama ndi zomera zambiri zimazizira kwambiri mu chisanu chozizira kwambiri, monga mammoths kuyambira nthawi ya ayezi yomaliza. Izi ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kwa asayansi. Mutha kuchotsa DNA kuchokera ku zolengedwa zakufa izi ndipo potero mumapeza mapulani awo. Izi sizingatheke ndi zinthu zakale.
Kodi kusintha kwanyengo kukuchita chiyani ku permafrost?
M'madera ena, permafrost imasungunuka. Madera omwe kale anali m'dera lozizira kwambiri tsopano ali m'dera lotentha. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, zomera ndi nyama zina zimatha ndipo zina n’kukhalamo.
Misewu yambiri m’madera amenewa siilinso pamtunda woundana koma pamatope. Misewu yang'aluka ndipo mbali zonse za msewu zili pangozi yoti zitha kumira. Nyumba zambiri zikung’ambika kapena kugwa chifukwa chakuti pansi pake silimbanso.
Ku Norway, malo otsetsereka onse akuwopseza kutsetsereka kumtunda. Izi zitha kuyambitsa tsunami yokhala ndi mafunde opitilira 40 metres. M’mapiri a Alps, malo otsetsereka onse akamalowa m’thawe, madzi amatha kuwomba damulo n’kuchititsa kusefukira kwa madzi m’chigwacho. Kugumuka kwa nthaka kungathenso kuopseza mwachindunji kapena kukwirira nyumba kapena midzi yonse.
Malo ambiri odyera ndi malo okwerera ski ku Alps nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa ali pa nthaka ya permafrost. Oyang'anira nyumbazi anayamba kuphimba malowo ndi zojambulazo m'nyengo ya masika kuti chipale chofewa chisasungunuke, zomwe zinachititsa kuti dzuŵa likhale loteteza kutentha. Zimagwira ntchito, koma ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo mukhoza kuchita m'madera ang'onoang'ono.
Koma choipitsitsa kwambiri n’chakuti pali mpweya wambiri wa carbon dioxide umene umatsekeredwa m’malo owuma chisanu, kuwirikiza kaŵiri m’mlengalenga wonsewo. Parafrost ikasungunuka, mpweya woipawu umatuluka, zomwe zimawonjezera kusintha kwa nyengo. Palinso mpweya wina mu permafrost monga methane ndi nitrous oxide. Izi zimakulitsa kusintha kwa nyengo kuposa mpweya woipa. Izi zidzasungunuka kwambiri permafrost. Choncho kusintha kwa nyengo kukufulumira.