Mary Allen
Galu wotchedwa Pavlovian amaimira kuyesa kumene wasayansi wotchuka wa zachilengedwe Ivan Petrovich Pavlov anatsimikizira chodabwitsa cha chikhalidwe chapamwamba.
Pulofesa waku Russia Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (wobadwa pa Seputembara 14, 1849, ndipo adamwalira pa February 27, 1936) sanangolandira Mphotho ya Nobel mu 1904 kuti afotokozere kagayidwe kachakudya komanso ndi amene adapeza agalu akale. Mu izi phenomenon, chidziŵitso chobadwa nacho mopanda malire chimakhala chokhazikika, mwachitsanzo, kudzutsidwa mwadala, kusinthasintha mwa kuphunzitsa. Kuti atsimikizire kuti mfundo yoyendetsera bwino imagwira ntchito, adayesa kuyesa komwe kumadziwika kuti galu wa Pavlov.
Pavlov Anapeza Chochitika cha Classical Conditioning
Agalu amathira malovu kwambiri akamadya. Kuwonjezeka kwa salivation ndi chilengedwe komanso mokakamiza anachita kukhutitsidwa ndi chakudya - mwachitsanzo, kununkhira ndi kuwona kwa chakudya. Izi mosasamala za mnzake wamiyendo inayi sangathe kuponderezedwa. Mu kafukufuku wake wokhudza chimbudzi pa agalu, Pavlov adawona kuti nyamazo sizimangotuluka malovu panthawi yodyetsera komanso zikangoyandikira. makola.
M’chenicheni, galu alibe chifukwa chogwetsera mapazi osavuta omveka—pokhapokha ataphunzira kugwirizanitsa kusonkhezera kopanda pake kwa mapazi ndi mphatso ya chakudya. Pavlov tsopano ankafuna kutsimikizira chiphunzitso cha maphunziro awa mu agalu - conditioning. Chifukwa chake adayambitsa kuyesa kosavuta koma koyenera: galu wa Pavlov.
Kuyesera Kuthandizira: Galu wa Pavlov
Pakuyesa kwake, adagwiritsa ntchito belu losavuta kupanga chokondoweza choyimbira polira agalu ake. Monga wasayansi adawonera, phokoso lokhalo silinayambitse kuwonjezereka kwa salivation reflex mwa abwenzi amiyendo inayi. Kenako anadyetsa agalu ake belulo litangolira, n’kuwasonyeza kusonkhezera kwa chakudyacho, chimene chinawapangitsa kuti atulutse malovu kwambiri, ndi kusonkhezera kwa kulira panthaŵi yomweyo.
Pambuyo pa nthawi yozolowera, Pavlov adangolola belu lirile: monga amayembekezera Agalu adachita kukhudzika kwa mawu okha ndi malovu ochulukirapo chifukwa adaphunzira kuti kulira kuli ndi chakudya. Chifukwa chake adaphunzitsa bwino agalu ake kuti azitha kuyankhidwa mokhazikika pakukondoweza komwe kunali kopanda phindu kwa agalu. Nyamazo sizikanathanso kupondereza chizolowezi chimenechi, monga mmene zimakhalira mwachibadwa. Choncho, mfundo ya chikhalidwe inatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi. Popanda izi, gawo lofunika kwambiri la maphunziro a agalu amasiku ano silingakhalepo.