Mary Allen
Orangutan ndi mtundu wa anyani akuluakulu monga gorilla ndi chimpanzi. Iwo ndi a nyama zoyamwitsa ndipo ndi achibale apamtima a anthu. M'chilengedwe, amakhala pazilumba ziwiri zazikulu ku Asia: Sumatra ndi Borneo. Pali mitundu itatu ya anyani: Bornean orangutan, Sumatran orangutan, ndi Tapanuli orangutan. Mawu oti "orang" amatanthauza "munthu", ndipo mawu oti "utan" amatanthauza "nkhalango". Pamodzi, izi zimabweretsa china chonga "Forest Man".
Anyaniwa amatalika mpaka mamita asanu kuchokera kumutu mpaka pansi. Akazi amafika ma kilogalamu 30 mpaka 50, amuna ndi ma kilogalamu 50 mpaka 90. Mikono yawo ndi yayitali kwambiri komanso yayitali kuposa miyendo yawo. Thupi la anyaniwa n’loyenera kukwera m’mitengo kuposa la anyani ndi anyani. Ubweya wa anyaniwa ndi wofiyira kwambiri mpaka wofiirira komanso tsitsi lalitali. Amuna okalamba makamaka amatupa zotupa pamasaya awo.
Orangutan ali pangozi yaikulu. Chifukwa chachikulu n’chakuti anthu akuwachotsera malo awo okhalamo ambiri pochotsa m’nkhalangomo chifukwa nkhunizo zikhoza kugulitsidwa pamtengo wokwera. Koma anthu amafunanso kulima minda. Nkhalango zambiri zakale zimadulidwa, makamaka mafuta a kanjedza. Anthu ena amafuna kudya nyama ya orangutan kapena kusunga anyani aang’ono ngati ziweto. Ofufuza, opha nyama popanda chilolezo, ndi alendo odzaona malo akuyambukira anyani ambiri ndi matenda. Zimenezi zingawononge anyaniwa moyo wawo. Mdani wawo wachilengedwe ali pamwamba pa akambuku onse a Sumatran.
Kodi anyaniwa amakhala bwanji?
Anyani nthawi zonse amafunafuna chakudya chawo m’mitengo. Oposa theka la zakudya zawo ndi zipatso. Amadyanso mtedza, masamba, maluwa, ndi mbewu. Chifukwa chakuti ndi amphamvu kwambiri ndiponso olemerera, ndi aluso kwambiri poweramira nthambi ndi manja awo amphamvu n’kumadya. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizaponso tizilombo, mazira a mbalame, ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta msana.
Anyaniwa amakonda kukwera mitengo. Iwo pafupifupi samapita konse pansi. Ndizowopsa kwa iwo kumeneko chifukwa cha akambuku. Ngati afunika kupita pansi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa chakuti mitengoyo ili kutali kwambiri. Komabe, anyaniwa sadzithandiza ndi zala ziwiri akamayenda ngati anyani ndi anyani. Amadzichirikiza okha nkhonya zawo kapena mkati mwa manja awo.
Anyaniwa amakhala maso masana ndipo usiku amagona mofanana ndi anthu. Usiku uliwonse amamanga chisa chatsopano cha masamba pamtengo. Nthawi zambiri sagona kawiri motsatizana pachisa chimodzi.
Anyani ambiri amakhala okha. Kupatulapo ndi mayi ndi ana ake. Zimachitikanso kuti akazi awiri amapita limodzi kukafunafuna chakudya. Amuna awiri akakumana, nthawi zambiri amakangana ndipo nthawi zina amakangana.
Kodi anyaniwa amaberekana bwanji?
Kubalana nkotheka chaka chonse. Koma zimachitika kokha ngati nyamazo zapeza chakudya chokwanira. Kukweretsa kumachitika m'njira ziwiri: Amuna oyendayenda amakakamiza kugonana ndi mkazi, zomwe mwa anthu zimatchedwa kugwiririra. Komabe, palinso kukweretsa modzifunira pamene yaimuna yakhazikika m’gawo lake. Pali pafupifupi chiwerengero chofanana cha ana m'mitundu yonse iwiriyi.
Mimba imatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Umu ndi utali umene mayi amanyamula mwana wake m’mimba. Kaŵirikaŵiri, imabala mwana wakhanda mmodzi panthaŵi imodzi. Pali mapasa ochepa kwambiri.
Mwana wa orangutan amalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi kapena ziwiri. Kenako imamwa mkaka wa m’mawere a mayi ake kwa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Poyamba, kamwanako kamamatira ku mimba ya mayi ake, kenako n’kukwera chagada. Pakati pa zaka ziwiri ndi zisanu, mwana wakhanda amayamba kukwera mozungulira. Koma imangopita patali kwambiri moti mayi ake amatha kuionabe. Pa nthawiyi imaphunziranso kumanga chisa kenako sichimagonanso ndi mayi ake. Pakati pa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, imadzitalikitsa kwambiri ndi amayi ake. Panthawi imeneyi, mayi akhoza kutenga mimba kachiwiri.
Akazi ayenera kukhala ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri asanabereke anyani. Komabe, nthawi zambiri zimatenga pafupifupi zaka 12 kuti mimba ichitike. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zaka 15 akamakwatirana koyamba. Sizitenga nthawi yayitali kuti anyani ena onse akuluakulu. Ichinso ndi chifukwa chimodzi chomwe anyaniwa ali pachiwopsezo chotere. Anyani ambiri aakazi amakhala ndi ana aŵiri kapena atatu okha m’moyo wawo.
Anyaniwa amakhala kuthengo kwa zaka pafupifupi 50. M'malo osungira nyama, zitha kukhalanso zaka 60. M’malo osungiramo nyama, nyama zambiri zimalemeranso kwambiri kuposa zam’tchire.