Mary Allen
Mitral nocardiosis ndi matenda amtima omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa agalu. Kuperewera kwa Mitral nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawu ofanana, omwe, kunena mosapita m'mbali, sizolondola kwenikweni.
Mitral nocardiosis ndi matenda osokonekera a minofu yolumikizana ya mitral valve (valavu ya atrium pakati pa atrium yakumanzere ndi kumanzere kwa chipinda chachikulu), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti timapepala ta valavu "tigubuduke". Ma valve a mtima amagwira ntchito ngati ma valve osabwerera, kutanthauza kuti amalola magazi kuyenda kumbali imodzi osati kwina. Ntchitoyi imatayika pang'ono pamene kapepala ka valve kakuzungulira, ndipo valavu imakhala yotayirira (kapena yosakwanira). Kusakwanira uku, ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupitilira kwa matendawa komanso kukula kwa zizindikiro zachipatala. Pamapeto pake, magazi amawunjikana m'mapapo kudzera kumanzere kwa atrium ndi pulmonary edema ("madzi m'mapapo") amapezeka. Muzovuta kwambiri, mitral valve endocarditis imayambitsa kulephera kwa mtima kumanzere.
Kuphatikiza pa mitral endocarditis, nthawi zambiri pamakhala tricuspid endocarditis - i.e. matenda osokonekera a valve yolondola ya atrial. Pakapita patsogolo, magazi amatha kubwereranso m'mitsempha yamagazi ndipo motero m'mimba ("ascites" kapena madzi a m'mimba) ndi chifuwa ("thoracic effusion" kapena "pleural effusion").
Ndi Agalu Ati Amene Amadwala?
Monga tanenera kale, ndi matenda amtima omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa agalu, amphaka samawapeza konse. Matendawa amayamba kuoneka nthawi zambiri ang'onoang'ono agalu Mitundu kuyambira zaka 7 mpaka 8 zaka. Kupatulapo ndi Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, yemwe nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa kuyambira zaka 1.5 - 2 zaka. Agalu akuluakulu sadwala kwambiri kusiyana ndi agalu ang'onoang'ono. Mitundu ya agalu yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi izi:
- Mfumu ya Cavalier Charles Spaniel
- dachshund
- kakang'ono kakang'ono
- Mzere wa Yorkshire
Kodi Mwiniwake Akuwona Zizindikiro Zotani?
Agalu kumayambiriro mpaka pakati pa siteji samawonetsa zizindikiro. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zowongolera, thupi nthawi zambiri limatha kubwezera matendawo kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuchokera nthawi ina, komabe, thupi silingathe kuwongolera izi ndipo decompensation imachitika. Kuyambira nthawi ya decompensation, zizindikiro zachipatala zimawonekera kwa mwiniwake. Zizindikiro zodziwika kwambiri ndi izi:
- Kukuda
- Kupuma mofulumira kapena kupuma movutikira
- Kusagwira bwino ntchito (pokhapokha pomaliza)
- matenda a mtima
- Kuwonda komaliza
- Kukula kwa m'mimba (kokha mu tricuspid endocarditis)
Zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambazi sizodziwika ndipo zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda ena osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chakuti wodwala ali ndi mitral valve endocarditis sizikutanthauza kuti zizindikiro zake zimayamba chifukwa cha vutoli!
Kwenikweni, ngati zizindikiro zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda a mtima, zidzapitirizabe kuwonjezereka m’kanthaŵi kochepa.
Choncho, chifuwa cha mtima chomwe sichimathandizidwa bwino chimakula pang'onopang'ono kwa masiku angapo kapena masabata angapo ndipo pamapeto pake chimayambitsa kupuma mofulumira komanso kupuma movutikira.
Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi mtima nthawi zonse zimasonyeza chizolowezi choipiraipira - bola ngati palibe chithandizo chokwanira.
Chifuwa, chomwe chimachitika mwa apo ndi apo, sichingayambitsidwe ndi matenda amtima. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pa kupuma, komwe kumachitika mobwerezabwereza ndikuzimiririka palokha.
Zizindikiro zimangodziwika ndi mwiniwake pa nthawi yochedwa, matendawa amakula kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kusonyeza zizindikiro!
Eni ake ambiri amadabwa pamene galu wawo akuwonetsa mwadzidzidzi kupuma movutikira chifukwa cha mitral endocarditis chifukwa mpaka nthawi imeneyo anali asanazindikire kusintha kulikonse kwa nyama yawo!
Kodi Endocarditis imayambitsa chiyani?
Endocarditis imatanthawuza kusintha kosasinthika kwa ma valve a mtima. Choyambitsa chenicheni sichikudziwika. Kutupa kwa ma valves a mtima kunakhala chifukwa kwa nthawi yaitali, koma chiphunzitsochi chatsutsidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Mwinamwake ndizochitika zachibadwa, zomwe zimatchulidwanso ndi zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri m'magulu ang'onoang'ono agalu monga Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. Pamapeto pake, kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka minofu yolumikizira ya mitral ndi/kapena valavu ya tricuspid ndi zida zake zimasintha. Zigawo za minofu yolumikizana imamasula mgwirizano wawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti valavu "isungunuke" komanso mawonekedwe ake omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati kalabu pa ultrasound. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zina mwazitsulo zoyimitsidwa za ma valve a mtima ("chordate tendineae") zimatha kung'ambika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti valavu iwonongeke, i.e. "kuboola" kwa valve. Izi zidzawonjezera kutayikira komwe kulipo. Monga tafotokozera kale, endocarditis imangokhudza ma valve awiri a atrioventricular, mwachitsanzo, mavavu a mitral ndi tricuspid. Vavu ya mitral yokha imakhudzidwa mu 60% ya milandu, valavu ya tricuspid mu 10%, ndi ma valve onse 30%.
Kodi Matendawa Amadziwika Bwanji?
Kaŵirikaŵiri kutulukira koyambirira kungapangidwe pamaziko a kuunika kwachipatala mwa kumvetsera (“auscultation”), pamene kung’ung’udza kwa mtima kumazindikiridwa. Komabe, kung'ung'udza kwamtima nthawi zambiri SIKULOLA kuti adziwe kuopsa kwa matendawa! Mogwirizana ndi X-ray, komabe, mutha kupeza kale malingaliro abwino a kuchuluka kwa kuuma. Komabe, chida cholondola kwambiri chodziwira matenda ndi ultrasound ya mtima kuphatikiza kuyezetsa kwa Doppler. Apa zipinda zapayekha zimatha kuyezedwa bwino kwambiri ndipo ma morphology a mavavu amatha kuyesedwa. Kuyeza kwa Doppler kumapangitsanso kuwonetsa ndikuwerengera kubwereranso kwa magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, zonena zitha kunenedwa pano zokhuza ntchito yopopa ya zipinda zazikulu komanso kupanikizika kwa intracardiac.
Kodi Matendawa Akuyenda Motani?
Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapita pang'onopang'ono. Odwala omwe ali ndi mitral nocardiosis ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse kuti athe kufufuza bwino momwe matendawa akuyendera komanso kuti athe kulowererapo mwachirengedwe ngati kuli kofunikira. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zaka zingapo pakati pa kuzindikira koyamba kwa matendawa ndikuwonekera kwa zizindikiro zachipatala. Komabe, izi sizingachitike kwa wodwala aliyense. Agalu akuluakulu makamaka ndi osiyana, monga momwe matendawa akuyendera mofulumira kwambiri pano. Ngati wodwala ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi madzi m'mapapo ("pulmonary edema"), nthawi yopulumuka nthawi zambiri imakhala yosakwana chaka.
Kodi Pali Mwayi Wochira?
Mwatsoka, ayi. Matendawa atha kuchiritsidwa mwachizindikiro, ndipo cholinga chake ndikuwongolera moyo wabwino. Mwamwayi, odwala ambiri amadwala akakalamba, kotero kuti sakhala ndi zizindikiro chifukwa cha nthawi zambiri m'malo pang'onopang'ono kukula kwa matendawa. Njira yochizira maopaleshoni (kukonza ma valve) ndizotheka mwachidziwitso koma sikunachitepo kanthu pazamankhwala azinyama chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwake.
Kodi Pali Njira Zochiritsira Zotani?
Panopa pali chisokonezo chachikulu pankhaniyi. Kwa nthawi yayitali, zinali zachizoloŵezi kuchiza odwala omwe ali ndi zoletsa za ACE kapena kukonzekera kwa digito potengera zomwe adapeza pawaya. Mchitidwewu tsopano watha. Musanayambe chithandizo, siteji ya matendawa iyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi X-ray kapena, ngakhale bwino, ultrasound, chifukwa njira zowonjezera zochiritsira zimadalira izi.
Magawo otsatirawa amatha kusiyanitsa:
- A: Wodwala ali pachiwopsezo: galu sakudwala, koma ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yomwe ikuyembekezeka (mwachitsanzo, galu wokalamba, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel)
- B1: Galu wopanda zizindikiro (kapena galu yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro zosakhudzana ndi matenda a mtima) ndi matenda a valvular popanda kukulitsa mtima
- B2: Galu wopanda zizindikiro (kapena galu yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro zosakhudzana ndi matenda a mtima) ndi matenda a valvular ndi kukulitsa mtima
- C: Zizindikiro za galu mu kulephera kwa mtima (pulmonary edema) chifukwa cha matenda a valvular
- D: Zizindikiro za galu mu refractory congestive heart failure osayankha chithandizo chokhazikika
Gawo A
palibe njira yochiritsira
Gawo B1
Agalu opanda mtima wokulirapo safuna chithandizo. Izi zikuwoneka ngati zosamvetsetseka kwa eni ake ambiri poyamba, popeza nyama yawo imadwala matenda a mtima, omwe samachiritsidwa. Komabe, monga momwe zimakhalira m'mankhwala aumunthu, palibe mankhwala omwe angakhudze momwe matendawa akuyendera panthawiyi.
Gawo B2
Pakali pano, pali mankhwala othandiza kwa agalu kuchokera pamlingo wocheperako pomwe pali kukulitsa mtima. M'modzi mwamaphunziro akulu kwambiri azachipatala cha Chowona Zanyama mpaka pano, pimobendan yatsimikizira kukhala yothandiza kwambiri. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuchepetsa kukula kwa minofu ya mtima ndi kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa nthawi yopanda zizindikiro. Choncho, Pimobendan ndi mankhwala osankhidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mitima yowonjezereka.
Gawo C
Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la pulmonary edema amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala osakanikirana ("diuretics", furosemide kapena torasemide) ndi pimobendan. Kugwiritsa ntchito bulangeti kwa ACE inhibitors monga benazepril kapena enalapril kapena mineralocorticoid antagonist spironolactone kuyenera kufunsidwa mozama ndipo kuyenera kuganiziridwa payekhapayekha.
Nthawi zina pamakhala arrhythmias yachiwiri yamtima, yomwe iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi antiarrhythmic, kutengera kuopsa kwawo. Mosiyana ndi mankhwala aumunthu, chithandizo chowonjezera cha anticoagulant sichofunikira kwa agalu. Mofanana ndi pafupifupi matenda ena onse a mtima, chithandizo chikangoyambika, chiyenera kupitirizidwa kwa moyo wonse pafupifupi chilichonse.
Gawo D
Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala omwe atchulidwa mu siteji C, ma diuretics ena monga hydrochlorothiazide kapena spironolactone angaganizidwenso pano. Nthawi zina ndizothandizanso kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi amlodipine.
Chiwembu chomwe chili pansipa ndi chidule chachidule cha kafukufuku waposachedwa komanso malingaliro a akatswiri apadziko lonse lapansi pazabwino za chithandizo cha mitral endocarditis. Komabe, nthawi zina, pangakhale kofunikira kupatuka panjira yamankhwala yomwe yaperekedwa pano.
Kodi Ndizomveka / Zofunika Kusintha Zakudya?
Kusintha kwa zakudya kungakhale kothandiza kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zopeza zapamwamba kwambiri, poyamba mwina sikupindula kwenikweni. Zakudya zamchere ziyenera kuchotsedwa pakudya kwa nyama yomwe ili ndi vuto lalikulu. Momwemonso, chakudya chochepa, chokhala ndi mchere wochepa, chopatsa mphamvu kwambiri chingathandize kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa zizindikiro ndikuonetsetsa kuti munthu akudya mphamvu zokwanira. Vuto limodzi, komabe, ndikuti ziweto zathu nthawi zambiri zimakana zakudya zopanda mchere wambiri. Ndiye nthawi zonse ndibwino kuti mupereke zakudya zomwe mumakonda kwambiri kusiyana ndi kuumirira pa "zakudya zamtima" zomwe galu samadya, mwinamwake mphamvu za wodwalayo sizingakwaniritsidwe. Mu nyama zomwe zakhudzidwa kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito omega-3 fatty acids kungathandizenso.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima apamwamba sayenera kuonda. Kuchepetsa thupi kumabweretsa kufa kwa odwala omwe akudwala kwambiri mtima. Kuchepetsa thupi "kuchepetsa dongosolo la mtima" ndikolakwika kwa nyama zomwe zili ndi matenda apamwamba!
Kodi Ma Electrolyte Monga Potaziyamu Kapena Magnesium Ayenera Kuwonjezedwa Akamathandizidwa Ndi Mankhwala Ochepetsa Mlingo Wambiri?
Nthawi zambiri ayi. Wodwala yemwe amamwa komanso kudya nthawi zambiri safuna ma electrolyte owonjezera monga potaziyamu kapena magnesium. Udindo wa magnesium pachipatala cha Chowona Zanyama sunafotokozedwe momveka bwino, popeza kuchuluka kwa magnesiamu m'thupi kumakhala kovuta kuyeza, ndipo kuyezetsa magazi wamba nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosakwanira pa izi. Udindo wa magnesium ukhoza kukhala pochiza matenda osamva chithandizo, omwe amatha kuchitika pamutu wa mitral endocarditis. Komabe, chithandizo choyambirira cha magnesium chiyenera kupewedwa, chifukwa odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda otsekula m'mimba amakhudzidwa ndi electrolyte.
Galu Wanga Akuthandizidwa Ndi Mankhwala Ochepetsa Madzi. Kodi Ndimchepetse Kugwiritsa Ntchito Madzi Ake?
Yankho lalifupi lokha ndilofunika apa: palibe!
Kodi Mungatani Ngati Mwini Wa Wodwala?
Makamaka odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matendawa amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera kuchokera kwa mwiniwake. Makamaka nyama zomwe zidali ndi edema yam'mapapo yam'mbuyo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kulabadira chifuwa chomwe chikuchulukirachulukira komanso kuwerengera pafupipafupi kupuma kwa wodwala wanu. Izi siziyenera kupitilira kupuma kwa 45 pamphindi pakupuma (zofunikira: osawerengera mutachita khama, izi zimangowonjezera kugunda kwa mtima). Ndikofunikiranso kuzindikira mayendedwe. Ngati kupuma kumawonjezeka - mwachitsanzo, mumawerengera 20 / min m'mawa, 40 / min masana, ndi 50 / min masana - izi zikhoza kusonyeza kuyamba kwa pulmonary edema ndipo muyenera kulankhulana ndi veterinarian wanu mwamsanga. .
Kodi Ndiyenera Kusamalira Galu Wanga?
Kwa ambiri a matenda a mtima, lamulo lofunika ndiloti nyama zomwe zakhudzidwa zimaloledwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi zomwe zimaperekedwa. Agalu odwala amaloledwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, koma ngati akufuna kupuma pamaphunziro, izi ziyenera kuvomerezedwa.
Komabe, kuphunzitsidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri kapena kuphunzitsidwa kutentha kwambiri kuyenera kupewedwa kwa nyama zomwe zapezeka kwambiri. Ngati mukukayika, dokotala wanu wamtima ayenera kukupatsani chidziwitso.