Zosangalatsa Zokhudza Mtima wa Galu

Matenda a mtima mwa agalu si achilendo ndipo amapezeka bwino zizindikiro zoyamba zisanayambe.

Mtima umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popereka thupi lonse. Zimatsimikizira kuti magazi ochuluka ndi okosijeni ndi zakudya zimapopedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kupita ku ziwalo zonse komanso kuti zinyalala za metabolic ndi carbon dioxide zimachotsedwanso. Ngati mtima uli ndi matenda, posakhalitsa sudzathanso kugwira ntchito imeneyi. Zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimabwera pang'onopang'ono. Agalu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima nthawi zambiri safuna kuchita, amakhala ndi chifuwa kapena kupuma mofulumira kuposa kale. Mwadzidzidzi kukomoka kukomoka nthawi zina kuonedwa, ndipo nthawi zina ndi patsogolo magawo ngakhale kupuma movutikira. Mikanda ya buluu kapena m'mimba yotupa ndi madzimadzi imathanso kuwonetsa mtima wosagwira ntchito mokwanira.

Ndikofunikira, komabe, kuti zizindikirozi zitha kuchitikanso matenda ena, mwachitsanzo, sizodziwika. Dokotala yekha ndi amene angadziwe ngati galu ali ndi vuto la mtima ndipo, ngati ndi choncho, ndi chiyani pambuyo pofufuza bwinobwino.

Matenda a valavu ya kumanzere kwa mtima, otchedwa mitral endocarditis, amapezeka makamaka mwa nyama zakale zamagulu agalu ang'onoang'ono. Mwa galu wathanzi, ma valve a mtima amalepheretsa magazi kuyenda molakwika mkati mwa mtima. Ngati valavu yakumanzere sitsekanso bwino, magazi amabwerera kumanzere kwa atrium, komwe kumatha kupita kumapapu.

Mitundu ikuluikulu imakhala ndi mwayi wovutika ndi kufooka kwa minofu ya mtima, dilated cardiomyopathy, kapena DCM mwachidule. M’matendawa, minofu ya mtima imakhala yofooka kwambiri moti singapope magazi okwanira kudzera m’mitsempha ya magazi. Thupi limayesa kubwezera izi mwa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa magazi, mwa zina. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti mtima ulibe mphamvu zopopa zinthu zokulirapo, zitseko zake zimadzaza ndi magazi ochuluka. Izi zimatambasula makoma a zipinda. Amayamba kuonda ndi kuonda ndipo pamapeto pake amakalamba. DCM imathanso kukhudza agalu achichepere.

Agalu amathanso kubadwa ali ndi vuto la mtima, ngakhale sizikuwonekera nthawi yomweyo. Choncho ndikofunika kumvetsera mwachizolowezi ana agalu kuti athe kulowererapo mwamsanga. Chifukwa galu akasonyeza zizindikiro, akhoza kale kuchedwa kuti achitepo kanthu.

Matenda a mtima nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kutayika kwa ntchito. Kumayambiriro kwa matenda, galu nthawi zambiri samazindikira kalikonse, chifukwa mtima ukhoza kubwezera bwino ntchito yake yochepetsedwa. Tsoka ilo, osati m'kupita kwanthawi, chifukwa m'kupita kwanthawi njira zolipirira izi zimadzetsa zovuta kwambiri pamtima womwe ukudwala kale. Posakhalitsa iwo, motero, amabweretsa kuwonongeka kwina ndi zizindikiro zowoneka.

Kuletsa bwalo loipali, kuyesayesa kumapangidwa kuti athetse ndi kulimbitsa mtima mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala. Mwa njira iyi, njira ya matendawa iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndipo ntchito ya mtima yomwe ilipobe iyenera kusungidwa. Komabe, kusintha komwe kwachitika kale m'ma valve a mtima kapena minofu ya mtima pawokha sikungathe kukonzedwa ngakhale ndi mankhwala. M’lingaliro limeneli, kuchiritsa n’kosatheka. Koma ndi chithandizo choyenera ndi kuyezetsa pafupipafupi, agalu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima nthawi zambiri amatha kukhala ndi moyo wosasamala.

Mwazi wochuluka wa okosijeni wochokera m'mapapo umafika kumanzere kwa atrium ndipo amapopa kuchokera kumanzere kwa ventricle kupita ku systemic circulation. Ngati ntchito ya mtima ili yochepa kumbali iyi, magazi amakhalabe mu mtima. Amamangirira poyamba kumanzere kwa atrium ndipo pamapeto pake amabwereranso mu mitsempha ya m'mapapo. Zotsatira zake, kuthamanga kowonjezereka kumapangitsa kuti madzi azituluka m'mitsempha kupita ku minofu ndi alveoli. Chilankhulo cha anthu wamba chimanena za "madzi m'mapapo". Galu amayesa kuchotsa madziwo mwa kutsokomola. Pamene ndondomekoyi ikupita, kupuma kwakukulu kumachitika. Chifuwa chimayambanso pamene atrium yakumanzere ikukulirakulira chifukwa cha magazi owunjika ndikukanikizira panjira yamapapu, bronchi.

Choncho, chifuwa chokhudzana ndi mtima nthawi zambiri chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kufooka kwa mtima wakumanzere, zomwe zingakhale ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, valavu yamtima yopanda pake ikhoza kukhala kumbuyo kwake, kapena kufooka kwamphamvu kwa ventricle yakumanzere.

Kumvetsera mtima ndi stethoscope ndi mbali ya kufufuza kulikonse komanso nthawi yomweyo ndi gawo lofunikira la kuyezetsa mtima kwapadera. Veterinarian amatchera khutu kufupipafupi, kamvekedwe, komanso kulimba kwa mawu amtima. Amaona ngati maphokoso a mtima ali osiyana wina ndi mzake ndiponso ngati zimene amati kung’ung’udza kwa mtima kungamvekenso kuwonjezera pa mawu a mtima. Ngati dotolo awona kung'ung'udza kwa mtima pakuwunika kwanthawi zonse, mwachitsanzo pa nthawi yolandira katemera, ayenera kutsimikiza za nkhaniyi. Chifukwa kumbuyo kwake kumatha - ngakhale nyama zomwe siziwonetsa zizindikiro! - kubisa chiyambi cha matenda a mtima. Madokotala odziwa bwino zinyama amatha kudziwa zambiri pomvetsera. Koma zinthu zina sizingawunikidwe motere, kapena sizingawunikidwe bwino.

X-ray ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mtima ndi malo ake pachifuwa. Kuchulukana kwamadzi mu thumba la pericardial kapena m'mapapo kumatha kuzindikirika motere.

Kupimidwa kwa ultrasound tsopano ndi mbali ya muyezo wa kuyezetsa kozama kwa mtima. Ndi chithandizo chawo, munthu akhoza kuyesa ma valve a mtima, makulidwe a makoma a mtima, ndi kudzazidwa kwa zipinda ziwiri za mtima ndi atria. Mtima ukhoza kuyezedwa ndi “phokoso”. M'mimba mwake nthawi zambiri amatsimikiziridwa. Ndi otchedwa mtundu Doppler ultrasound, mukhoza ngakhale kuona magazi ndi mafunde pa mtima ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mitral valve insufficiency, kubwereranso kumanzere kwa atrium kumawonekera.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mtima arrhythmias angathe kuunika bwino ndi electrocardiogram (ECG). Ngati zichitika mwa apo ndi apo, zingakhale bwino kupanga ECG ya maola 24 (Holter ECG).

Zomwe zimatchedwa kuti phokoso la mtima zimachitika panthawi yomwe mtima umagwira ntchito. Chilichonse chimene chimamveka pomvetsera ntchito ya mtima chimatchedwa kung'ung'udza kwa mtima. Kung'ung'udza kwamtima sikumakhala kwachilendo, koma nthawi zambiri, kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda a mtima. Choncho, kupeza koteroko kuyenera kufotokozedwa - ngakhale galu akuwoneka wathanzi kwathunthu. Akhoza kukhala kumayambiriro kwa matenda a mtima, omwe galu samawoneka kuchokera kunja, koma veterinarian amatha kuzindikira kale kusintha koyamba mu mtima. Mothandizidwa ndi njira zapadera zowunikira - monga ultrasound - akhoza kuwunika bwino ngati kuli kokwanira kupitiriza kuyang'anira galu panthawiyi, kapena ngati chithandizo chiyenera kuyambika kale. Veterani akhozanso kutumiza mwiniwake kwa katswiri wamtima pa izi. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti moyo wa agalu ukhoza kukulitsidwa kwambiri ngati, malinga ndi zomwe zapeza pamtima, chithandizo chamankhwala chidayambika zizindikiro zoyamba zisanachitike. Izi zitha kuwonetsedwa pamwamba pa zonse zomwe zimatchedwa calcium sensitizers. Izi ndizinthu zogwira ntchito zomwe kumbali imodzi zimawonjezera mphamvu ya mtima, koma kumbali inayo, zimathandizanso mtima pokulitsa ziwiya. Izi zitha kuwonetsedwa pamwamba pa zonse zomwe zimatchedwa calcium sensitizers. Izi ndizinthu zogwira ntchito zomwe kumbali imodzi zimawonjezera mphamvu ya mtima, koma kumbali inayo, zimathandizanso mtima pokulitsa ziwiya. Izi zitha kuwonetsedwa pamwamba pa zonse zomwe zimatchedwa calcium sensitizers. Izi ndizinthu zogwira ntchito zomwe kumbali imodzi zimawonjezera mphamvu ya mtima, koma kumbali inayo, zimathandizanso mtima pokulitsa ziwiya.

Mtima ndi impso zimagwirizana kwambiri. Ntchito zawo zimakhudzana, zomwe zimawonekera makamaka pamene chimodzi mwa ziwalo ziwirizo chikudwala. Galu yemwe ali ndi matenda a mtima, magwiridwe antchito a impso ayenera kukumbukiridwa nthawi zonse. Kumbali ina, ntchito zina za impso zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza mtima. Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano ndi zomwe zimatchedwa diuretics ndi ACE inhibitors.

Ma diuretics ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amapangitsa kuti impso zitulutse madzi ambiri mumkodzo. Mwanjira imeneyi, thupi limalandidwa madzi osafunika omwe achulukana m’mapapu kapena m’thupi.

ACE inhibitors amalepheretsa mitsempha yamagazi kuti isapitirire kwambiri. Thupi limayesa kubwezera kusowa kwa mtima wotuluka mwa kutsekereza mitsempha yamagazi. Komabe, m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, zimadzetsa kupsinjika mtima kwambiri. Ngati ziwiya zatulutsidwa ndi mankhwala, mtima umamasuka chifukwa uyenera kulimbana ndi kukana pang'ono.

Ndikofunikira kwa galu yemwe ali ndi matenda a mtima amene amalandira mankhwala ake nthawi zonse komanso mlingo wake weniweni. Koma, ngakhale galuyo atakhala bwino pansi pa chithandizo, mtima umakhalabe wowonongeka. Siziyenera kulemedwa mosayenera. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti galu sangakhale wotakataka; komabe, ayenera kusuntha nthawi zonse, mofanana, ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa. Kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri kuyenera kupeŵedwa mulimonse.

Kunenepa kwambiri kumadzetsa mavuto ambiri pamtima. Agalu omwe ali ndi mapaundi ochulukirapo ayenera kuchepetsa kulemera kwawo. Podyetsa, ndikofunikanso kuwonetsetsa kuti mchere uli wochepa. Mchere wa tebulo umamanga madzi m'thupi, zomwe zimawonjezera katundu pamtima.

Eni ake ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa galu wawo tsiku ndi tsiku, monga momwe amamudziwa bwino. Veterinarian amathanso kuwonetsa mwiniwake momwe angayezerere kupuma kwa kupuma. Imagwira ntchito ngati njira yosavuta komanso yodalirika yowongolera: Ngati kuchuluka kwachulukira, madzimadzi amatha kupezeka m'mapapo ndipo dotolo adziwitsidwa mwachangu. Kodi galu amatopa msanga kapena amatsokomola kwambiri? Izi zikhozanso kukhala zizindikiro zochenjeza. Kuyesedwa pafupipafupi kwa vet ndikofunikira kwa odwala amtima!

M'malo mwake, galu aliyense amatha kukhala ndi vuto la mtima m'moyo wake. Palibe njira zenizeni zopewera izi. Koma malingaliro oyenera amtundu wamtundu wokhala ndi thanzi labwino, zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi okwanira ndizofunikira komanso maziko abwino a moyo wagalu wathanzi.

Magulu ena omwe ali pachiwopsezo makamaka amakhala ndi matenda amtima. Pa matenda ena a ma valve, awa makamaka agalu akale amitundu yaing'ono. Heart muscle weakness (DCM) imapezeka makamaka m'magulu akuluakulu agalu azaka zapakati pa chaka chimodzi ndi theka kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri. Chinthu chapadera ndi DCM ya Doberman ndi Boxer. Ndizowoneka bwino, popeza nyama zimawoneka zathanzi kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale kuti mtima wa arrhythmia wachitika kale, mwachitsanzo, minofu yamtima yawonongeka kale. Imfa zadzidzidzi si zachilendo ndipo ngakhale agalu omwe apulumuka siteji iyi sakhala ndi moyo wautali. Komabe, ngati matendawa apezeka ndi kuchiritsidwa zizindikiro zoyamba zisanawonekere, moyo ukhoza kufutukuka kwambiri. Zotsatirazi zikugwira ntchito ku matenda onse a mtima: matenda oyambirira a matendawa ndi abwino. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti nyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu ziziyezetsa mtima ndi dokotala pafupipafupi, makamaka chaka chilichonse.

Funso Lofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi mtima wa galu umagunda bwanji?

Mudzamva kugunda kwamtima kwachangu mwa ana agalu kusiyana ndi agalu akuluakulu ndi akuluakulu. Kugunda kwa mtima kwa galu kumakhala pakati pa 100 ndi 120 pa mphindi imodzi. Galu wamkulu amamenya 90 mpaka 100 pa mphindi imodzi, ndipo galu wamkulu amamenya 70 mpaka 80 pa mphindi imodzi.

Kodi galu ali ndi ma valve amtima angati?

Mtima uli ndi ma valve a mtima anayi. Awiri a iwo ali pakati pa atria awiri a mtima ndi zipinda ziwiri za mtima (ventricles).

Kodi mtima wa galu ndi waukulu bwanji?

Tidayeza mtima, ndipo mbali yotalikirapo ndi mbali yopingasa ya mtima imasinthidwa kukhala kutalika kwa vertebrae ya thoracic molingana ndi mfundo zina. Faust anayeza 13.2 vertebrae, yachibadwa ndi mtengo wa 9-10.5, ndi zosiyana zokhudzana ndi mtundu.

N'chifukwa chiyani mtima wa galu ukukulira?

Matenda a valvular ndi omwe amachititsa kuti mtima ulephereke mwa agalu. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa agalu akale ndi agalu ang'onoang'ono monga poodles ndi dachshunds. Vavu yamtima imakhala yokhuthala ndipo siyitseka kwathunthu ndi kugunda kwamtima kulikonse. Izi zimapangitsa kuti magazi azibwereranso m'ziwiya ndi ziwalo.

Kodi chimayambitsa kumangidwa kwa mtima kwa agalu ndi chiyani?

Ngati galu wanu wamwa mowa wambiri wa tiyi kapena khofi, amatha kukomoka ndi kugwidwa ndi mtima. Zizindikiro zoyamba za kuledzera kwa caffeine zimawonekera pambuyo pa maola awiri kapena anayi.

Chifukwa chiyani agalu sangadwale matenda a mtima?

Chiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima mwa nyama chimachepetsedwanso ndi - kutsimikizika kwa majini - kusiyanasiyana kwa lipid metabolism. Zotsatira zake, chiopsezo chokhala ndi atherosulinosis mu nyama ndi chochepa kwambiri, koma osati ziro.

N’chifukwa chiyani galu amafa mwadzidzidzi?

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe chiweto chanu chimatha kufa mwadzidzidzi. Kupyolera mu khalidwe lobadwa nalo, chifukwa cha matenda osadziwika, kapena chifukwa cha kuvulala. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi matenda a mtima, makamaka mtima wa arrhythmia, magazi kuundana, ndi matenda a myocardial.

Kodi agalu akachita wefuwefu amatanthauza chiyani?

Agalu sachita thukuta ndipo amafunika kuchita wefuwefu kuti asatenthedwe. Pambuyo pochita khama kapena kutentha kwambiri, ndikofunikanso kuti galu azichita wefuwefu kwambiri. Ngati galu achita buluku panthawi kapena pambuyo pa chisangalalo chamaganizo, izi zikhoza kutchulidwanso ngati khalidwe labwino.