Mary Allen
Kuyambira pomwe chimbalangondo cha Knut chinatchuka, zimbalangondo za polar zakhala zikuyenda bwino kwambiri ndi anthu. Komabe, zilombozi zili pangozi m’malo awo achilengedwe.
makhalidwe
Kodi zimbalangondo za polar zimawoneka bwanji?
Zimbalangondo za polar ndi zolusa ndipo zimachokera ku banja la zimbalangondo zazikulu. Pamodzi ndi zimbalangondo za Kodiak za ku Alaska, ndizo zilombo zazikulu kwambiri zapamtunda. Pa avareji, aamuna ndi aatali a 240 mpaka 270 centimita, pafupifupi 160 centimita mmwamba, ndipo amalemera 400 mpaka 500 kilogalamu.
Amuna omwe amaima pamiyendo yakumbuyo amafika mamita atatu. Ku Siberian Arctic, amuna ena amakula kwambiri chifukwa amadya mafuta ochuluka kwambiri. Akazi amakhala aang'ono nthawi zonse kuposa amuna. Zimbalangondo za polar zimakhala ndi maonekedwe a chimbalangondo. Komabe, matupi awo ndi aatali kuposa achibale awo apamtima, zimbalangondo zofiirira.
Mapewa ndi otsika kuposa kumbuyo kwa thupi, khosi ndi lalitali komanso lopyapyala, ndipo mutu ndi wochepa kwambiri poyerekezera ndi thupi. Zodziwika bwino ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira. Mapazi ndi aatali komanso otambalala okhala ndi zikhadabo zokhuthala, zazifupi, zakuda. Ali ndi mapazi a ukonde pakati pa zala zawo.
Ubweya wandiweyani wa zimbalangondo za polar ndi wachikasu-woyera mumtundu, wopepuka m'nyengo yozizira kuposa m'chilimwe. Miyendo ya mapazi imakhalanso ndi ubweya wambiri, koma mipira yokha ya mapazi ilibe ubweya uliwonse. Maso akuda ndi mphuno zakuda zimawonekera bwino motsutsana ndi mutu woyera.
Kodi zimbalangondo za ku polar zimakhala kuti?
Zimbalangondo za polar zimapezeka kumpoto kwenikweni kwa dziko lapansi. Iwo ali kwawo kumadera a kumpoto kwa Ulaya, Asia, ndi North America, mwachitsanzo kuchokera ku Siberia ndi Svalbard mpaka ku Alaska ndi ku Canada Arctic mpaka ku Greenland. Ku Arctic, zimbalangondo za polar zimakhala makamaka kum'mwera kwa dera la madzi oundana, pazilumba, komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic. Kumeneko, mphepo ndi mafunde a m’nyanja zimatsimikizira kuti nthaŵi zonse mumakhala madzi otseguka okwanira mu ayezi kuti zimbalangondo zisakasaka.
M'nyengo yozizira, zimbalangondo zimapita kumwera. Azimayi apakati amakhala m'nyengo yozizira m'mapanga a chipale chofewa, amuna amayendayenda m'nyengo yozizira ndipo amangokumba m'phanga la chipale chofewa kwa kanthawi kozizira kwambiri. Koma samagona m’tulo.
Chimbalangondo chapafupi kwambiri ndi chimbalangondo cha bulauni.
Kodi zimbalangondo za polar zimakhala ndi zaka zingati?
Kutchire, zimbalangondo za polar zimakhala zaka 20.
Khalani
Kodi zimbalangondo za polar zimakhala bwanji?
Ubweya wandiweyani wa chimbalangondochi umagwira ntchito ngati jekete yotentha: tsitsilo, lomwe limatha kufika masentimita 15 m'litali, limakhala lopanda kanthu, lomwe limapanga mpweya woteteza nyama ku kuzizira. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti khungu la pansi pa ubweyawo ndi lakuda, limatha kusunga kuwala kwadzuwa komwe kumadutsa muubweya wapakhunguwo monga kutentha.
Kukhuthala kosanjikiza kwa masentimita angapo kumathandizanso kuonetsetsa kuti zimbalangondo za polar zisazizira ngakhale pakamvula yamkuntho. Chifukwa cha makutu awo ang'onoang'ono ndi zitsulo zaubweya, iwo sataya thupi lililonse kutentha. Chifukwa cha ubweya wa kumapazi awo ndi mapazi a ukonde, zimbalangondo zimatha kuyenda pa chipale chofewa ngati nsapato za chipale chofewa osamira.
Malo okhawo opanda tsitsi - kupatula mphuno - ndi mipira ya mapazi a mapazi. Nawonso ndi akuda: Ziweto zimatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito posungira bwino kutentha, koma zimathanso kuzimitsa ngati zitentha kwambiri.
Zimbalangondo za polar siziwona bwino, koma zimamva fungo labwino kwambiri. Kununkhiza kwawo kumawathandiza kuti aziona nyama zili patali kwambiri. Zimbalangondo za polar zimakhala paokha pafupifupi chaka chonse. Ali ndi madera akuluakulu, omwe samayika chizindikiro komanso samawateteza.
Ngati pali nyama zokwanira, adzalandiranso mamembala amtundu wawo omwe ali pafupi nawo. Pamtunda, amatha kuthamanga mtunda wautali ndikufika liwiro la makilomita 40 pa ola. Ndipo amatha kulumpha m'ming'alu ya ayezi mpaka mamita asanu m'lifupi.
Zimbalangondo za polar zimasambira bwino kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali m'madzi kuchokera ku chilumba kupita ku chilumba kapena kuchokera kumadera oundana oundana kupita kumalire a dziko. Amatha kumira mpaka mphindi ziwiri. Chifukwa chakuti madziwo amachoka paubweya wawo mofulumira kwambiri, sataya thupi lililonse ngakhale atasambira m’nyanja.
Anzanu ndi adani a chimbalangondo cha polar
Zimbalangondo zazikulu za polar ndi zazikulu komanso zamphamvu kotero kuti zilibe zida zachilengedwe. Komabe, zimbalangondo zazing'ono za polar nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa ndi zimbalangondo zazikulu zazimuna. Mdani wamkulu wa zimbalangondo za polar ndi anthu. Zilombo zazikuluzikuluzi zakhala zikusakidwa ndi ubweya wawo.
Kodi zimbalangondo za polar zimabereka bwanji?
Nyengo yokwerera zimbalangondo za ku polar imayambira mu April mpaka June. Pokhapokha m’gawoli m’pamene amuna ndi akazi amasonkhana kwa nthawi yochepa. Amuna amagwiritsa ntchito mphuno zawo zakuthwa kuti anyamule mayendedwe a zimbalangondo zazikazi, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala ndewu zachiwawa pakati pa amuna akumenyana ndi yaikazi. Zikakwerana, chimbalangondo ndi chimbalangondo chimayenda mosiyana. Azimayi apakati amakumba phanga la chipale chofewa lopangidwa ndi zipinda zingapo mu October kapena November. Akazi amakhalabe m’bowoli m’nyengo yonse yozizira.
Chifukwa chakuti panthaŵi imeneyi sasaka, amayenera kukhala ndi moyo ndi mafuta amene anadya kale. Ikatenga bere pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, chimbalangondocho chimabala ana ake m’phanga limeneli, nthawi zambiri ana aŵiri. Pobadwa, ana amatalika masentimita 20 mpaka 30 okha ndipo amalemera magalamu 600 mpaka 700.
Iwo akali akhungu ndi ogontha, ali ndi tsitsi laling’ono, motero amadalira kotheratu chisamaliro cha amayi awo. Amakhala m’phangamo mpaka masika otsatira, amayamwidwa ndi amayi awo, ndipo amakula mofulumira. M’mwezi wa March kapena April, pamodzi ndi amayi awo, amachoka kumene anabisala n’kusamukira kunyanja.
Kodi zimbalangondo za polar zimasaka bwanji?
Chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wonyezimira, zimbalangondo za polar zimabisala bwino komwe zimakhala ndipo zimakhala aleki opambana kwambiri. Zimbalangondo zikamasaka, nthawi zambiri zimabisala kwa nthawi yayitali pamabowo a mphira. Kumeneko, nyamayo imatambasula mobwerezabwereza mitu yawo m’madzi kuti ipume. Kenako chimbalangondo chobisalira nyamazo chimagwira nyamazo ndi zikhadabo zake zazikulu n’kuzikokera pa ayezi.
Nthawi zina zimbalangondo za polar zimayandikira pang'onopang'ono zisindikizo zikuwotchera dzuwa pa ayezi pamimba zawo ndikuzipha ndi kusuntha kwa miyendo yawo.
Chifukwa cha kununkhiza kwawo bwino, amathanso kufufuza mapanga a chipale chofewa a akatumbu aakazi, mmene amaberekeramo ana awo. Zimbalangondozo zimagwera kuphanga ndi kulemera kwa thupi lawo lakutsogolo, ndikuliphwanya ndikugwira zidindo.