Mary Allen
Mahatchi ndi nyama zoyamwitsa. Nthawi zambiri timaganizira za akavalo athu apakhomo. Komabe, mu biology, akavalo amapanga mtundu. Mulinso akavalo am’tchire, akavalo a Przewalski, abulu, ndi mbidzi. "Mahatchi" motero ndi mawu ophatikiza mu biology. Komabe, m’chinenero chathu chatsiku ndi tsiku, kaŵirikaŵiri timatanthauza kavalo woweta.
Mitundu yonse ya akavalo ili ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana: poyamba ankakhala kum'mwera kwa Africa ndi Asia. Amakhala m’malo amene kuli mitengo yochepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amadya udzu. Muyenera kupeza madzi nthawi zonse.
Mapazi onse a akavalo amakhala ndi ziboda. Iyi ndi callus yolimba, yofanana ndi zikhadabo zathu kapena zikhadabo. Mapeto a phazi ndi chala chapakati chabe. Akavalo alibenso zala zotsala. Zili ngati kuyenda ndi zala zapakati zokha ndi zapakatikati. Mwamuna ndi ng'ombe. Mkazi ndi kavalo. Mwana wakhanda ndi mwana wamphongo.
Kodi padakali akavalo amtchire?
Hatchi yoyambirira yamtchire yatha. Pali mbadwa zake zokha zimene munthu waŵeta, ndiwo akavalo athu oŵeta. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya iye. Timawadziwa kuchokera ku mipikisano ya akavalo, kulumpha, kapena kuchokera ku famu ya mahatchi.
Padakali magulu ena a akavalo amtchire. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa akavalo amtchire, koma izi ndi zolakwika. Ndi akavalo akuweta amtchire amene, mwachitsanzo, anathawa m’khola n’kuzoloweranso kukhala m’chilengedwe. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iwo ndi amanyazi kwambiri.
M'chilengedwe, akavalo amtchire amakhala m'magulu. Gulu loterolo nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mahatchi angapo. Palinso kalulu ndi ana amphongo. Ndi nyama zowuluka. Iwo ndi osauka podziteteza okha ndipo motero amakhala osamala nthawi zonse. Amagonanso ataimirira kuti athawe mwamsanga pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.
Mahatchi a Przewalski amafanana kwambiri ndi akavalo athu apakhomo koma ndi mitundu ina. Amatchedwanso "kavalo wakutchire waku Asia" kapena "kavalo waku Mongolia". Zinali pafupi kutha. Dzinali linachokera ku Russian Nikolai Mikhailovich Przewalski, yemwe adadziwika ku Ulaya. Masiku ano kuli nyama zake pafupifupi 2000 m’malo osungiramo nyama ndipo zina ngakhale m’malo ena osungira zachilengedwe ku Ukraine ndi ku Mongolia.
Kodi mahatchi apakhomo amakhala bwanji?
Mahatchi apakhomo amanunkhiza ndi kumva bwino kwambiri. Maso ake ali kumbali ya mutu wake. Kotero inu mukhoza kuyang'ana pafupifupi mozungulira popanda kusuntha mutu wanu. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti amatha kuona zinthu zambiri ndi diso limodzi panthaŵi imodzi, zimakhala zovuta kwa iwo kuona kuti chinthu chili patali bwanji.
Mimba ya kalulu imatha pafupifupi chaka kuchokera pamene ikwere, malinga ndi mtundu wa kavalo. Kalulu nthawi zambiri amabala kamwana kamodzi kokha. Imadzuka nthawi yomweyo, ndipo patatha maola angapo, imatha kale kutsatira amayi ake.
Mwanayo amamwa mkaka wa mayi ake kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka chaka. Imakhala yokhwima pakugonana ikafika zaka zinayi, motero imatha kudzipangira yokha ana. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika m'malo mwa mares. Ana aatali aatali ayenera choyamba kulimbana ndi adani awo.
Kodi pali mitundu yanji ya akavalo apakhomo?
Mahatchi apakhomo ndi mtundu wa nyama. Bamboyo anaweta mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chizindikiritso chosavuta ndi kukula kwake. Mumayesa kutalika kwa mapewa. M'mawu aukadaulo, uku ndiko kutalika kwa zofota kapena kutalika kwa zofota. Malinga ndi lamulo la kuswana kwa Germany, malire ndi 148 centimita. Kumeneko n’kofanana ndi munthu wamkulu wamng’ono. Pamwamba pa chizindikirochi pali akavalo aakulu, ndipo pansi pake pali akavalo aang’ono, otchedwanso mahatchi.
Palinso gulu lotengera chikhalidwe: pali ozizira, otentha, kapena thoroughbred. Magazi anu nthawi zonse amakhala kutentha komweko. Koma ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana: Zolemba zimakhala zolemetsa komanso zodekha. Choncho ndi abwino kwambiri ngati mahatchi oyendetsa galimoto. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yamanjenje komanso yowonda. Ndiwo mahatchi othamanga kwambiri. Makhalidwe a Warmblood amagwera penapake pakati.
Kugawanika kwina kumapangidwa molingana ndi chiyambi cha malo oyambirira oswana. Odziŵika bwino ndi mahatchi a Shetland ochokera kuzilumba, a ku Belgium, a Holstein a kumpoto kwa Germany, ndi a Andalusi ochokera kum’mwera kwa Spain. Freiberger ndi ena ochepa amachokera ku Jura ku Switzerland. Ngakhale nyumba ya amonke ya Einsiedeln ili ndi mahatchi awoawo.
Palinso kusiyana kwa mitundu: mahatchi akuda ndi akavalo akuda. Mahatchi oyera amatchedwa mahatchi otuwa, ngati ali ndi mawanga pang'ono amatchedwa mahatchi otuwa. Ndiye palinso nkhandwe, piebald, kapena "bulauni" ndi ena ambiri.
Kodi mahatchi amaweta bwanji?
Anthu anayamba kugwira ndi kuweta akavalo pafupifupi zaka zikwi zisanu zapitazo. Izi zinali mu nthawi ya Neolithic. Kuswana kumatanthauza: Nthawi zonse mumasonkhanitsa kavalo ndi kavalo wokhala ndi mikhalidwe yomwe mukufuna kukweretsa. Paulimi, mphamvu ya akavalo inali yofunika kukoka khasu kudutsa m’munda. Mahatchi ayenera kukhala achangu komanso opepuka. Mahatchi ankhondo anali aakulu kwambiri ndi olemetsa ndipo anaphunzitsidwa moyenerera.
Mitundu yambiri ya mahatchi mwachibadwa inazolowera nyengo inayake. Mwachitsanzo mahatchi a ku Shetland anali aang’ono komanso ankakonda kutentha ngati mphepo yamkuntho. Choncho nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mahatchi oyendetsa galimoto m'migodi ya malasha ya Chingerezi. Nthaŵi zambiri mitsemphayo inali yosakwera kwambiri, ndipo nyengo ya m’maenjewo inali yofunda ndi yachinyontho.
Pa ntchito zina, abulu ndi oyenera kuposa akavalo apakhomo. Iwo ali olimba kwambiri m'mapiri. Mitundu iwiri ya nyamazi yadutsa bwino. Izi n’zotheka chifukwa ndi achibale apamtima: nyulu, yomwe imatchedwanso nyulu, inapangidwa kuchokera ku mahatchi a mahatchi ndi bulu.
Buluyo anapangidwa kuchokera ku kavalo ndi bulu. Mitundu yonse iwiriyi ndi yamanyazi kwambiri poyerekeza ndi akavalo apakhomo komanso akhalidwe labwino kwambiri. Amakhalanso ndi moyo wautali kuposa akavalo apakhomo. Komabe, nyulu ndi akalulu sangaberekenso nyama zazing’ono.
Kodi mahatchi apakhomo amadziwa zotani?
Mahatchi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo inayi m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti azizungulira. Tikulankhula za mayendedwe osiyanasiyana apa.
Hatchi imachedwa kwambiri poyenda. Nthawi zonse imakhala ndi mapazi awiri pansi. Dongosolo la kayendedwe ndikumanzere kutsogolo - kumbuyo kumanja - kumanja kumanja - kumanzere kumbuyo. Hatchi imathamanga pang'ono kuposa munthu.
Gawo lotsatira limatchedwa trot. Kavalo nthawi zonse amasuntha mapazi awiri nthawi imodzi, diagonally: Choncho kumanzere kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kumbuyo, ndiye kutsogolo ndi kumanzere. Pakatikati pake, kavaloyo amakhala pang'onopang'ono mlengalenga pamiyendo inayi. Pokwera, izi zimagwedezeka kwambiri.
Hatchi imathamanga kwambiri ikathamanga kwambiri. Hatchiyo amaika pansi miyendo yake iwiri yakumbuyo mofulumira kwambiri imodzi pambuyo pa inzake, ndipo imatsatira mwamsanga miyendo yake iwiri yakutsogolo. Kenako imauluka. Kwenikweni, kudumphaku kumakhala ndi kulumpha kwambiri komwe kavalo amamanga pamodzi. Kwa wokwera, mayendedwe awa ndi ozungulira ndipo motero amakhala odekha kuposa trot.
M’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages ngakhalenso masiku ano, akazi sankaloledwa kukhala m’chishalo ngati amuna. Anakhala pa chishalo chakumbali kapena chishalo chakumbali. Miyendo yawo yonse inali mbali imodzi ya kavaloyo. Panalinso mayendedwe apadera amene akavalo anaphunzitsidwa kuchita: amble. Masiku ano amatchedwa "Tölt". Hatchiyo amasuntha miyendo iwiri yakumanzere kutsogolo, kenako yamanja, ndi zina zotero. Izo zimagwedeza mochepa kwambiri. Mahatchi amene amathamanga kwambiri panjira imeneyi amatchedwa tamers.
Pansipa mutha kuwona mafilimu amitundu yosiyanasiyana.