Kuthamanga kwa magazi mu Amphaka - Ngozi Yopanda Pang'ono

Zamkatimu bwanji

Feline hypertension / matenda oopsa ndi vuto lofala. M'zochita, ngakhale njira zosavuta kuphunzira, kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa amphaka mwatsoka sikumayesedwa kawirikawiri, nthawi zambiri ndi zotsatira zakupha.

Ngakhale kuti maphunziro akuluakulu achitika pawailesi yakanema, eni amphaka ambiri sadziwa kuti amphaka awo amatha kudwala matenda a kuthamanga kwa magazi monga ife anthu. Ndipo monga mwa anthu, matendawa ndi obisika, chifukwa kwa nthawi yayitali palibe zizindikiro zochenjeza. Zizindikiro zake ndi zobisika ndipo poyamba sizidziwika, koma ngati zizindikirika mochedwa, izi zitha kuwononga thanzi la akambuku athu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosasinthika.

Poyamba, amphaka okhudzidwa samawonetsa kapena kusintha pang'ono, monga kudya pafupipafupi, kudya kosauka, nthawi ndi nthawi kuyang'ana pamaso pawo, nthawi zina mphwayi, kapena kudutsa mofulumira, kuyenda kosasunthika kosadziwika bwino, mwachitsanzo, kusintha komwe sikukuwoneka ngati zachilendo. zonse.

Komabe, ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakhalabe kosazindikirika, pali chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka koopsa kwa impso, mtima, maso, ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi zizindikiro zomwe sizingathenso kunyalanyazidwa, monga B. kuwonongeka mwadzidzidzi kwa maso, kutuluka magazi m'maso. , kukokana, ziwalo za miyendo ... Mwatsoka, amphaka ambiri amangowonetsedwa panthawiyi, mochedwa kwambiri - kuthamanga kwa magazi tsopano kwachititsa mwakachetechete komanso mosadziwika bwino kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ziwalo zofunika zomwe zimakhala zosasinthika. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuthamanga kwa magazi nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa "silent wakupha". Chomvetsa chisoni n’chakuti chiwonongeko choterocho chikanapewedwa mwa kungoyezera kuthamanga kwa magazi nthaŵi zonse.

Kodi timakamba liti za kuthamanga kwa magazi?

Zimadziwika bwino kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi si kuchuluka kokhazikika, kumasiyana pakati pa mphaka ndi mphaka komanso - malingana ndi msinkhu wachisokonezo - ngakhale mkati mwa nyama yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, osati kujambula kokha zamakhalidwe abwino paumoyo wa mphaka aliyense ndikofunikira, koma makamaka machitidwe onse pochita.

Nthawi zambiri, timalankhula za kuthamanga kwa magazi monga muyeso wopitilira 140-150 mmHg, koma ndikofunikira mwachirengedwe ngati nthawi zonse imakhala yokwera kuposa 160 mmHg. Ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kukukwera pamwamba pa 180 mmHg, matenda oopsa kwambiri amapezeka, omwe ali ndi zotsatira zoopsa pa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri.

Gulu la matenda oopsa a amphaka

Kusiyana kumapangidwa pakati zoyambirira (idiopathic) ndi matenda oopsa a sekondale :

Idiopathic: Palibe matenda ena omwe angadziwike kuti amayambitsa matenda oopsa.
chachiwiri: matenda oyamba kapena mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amaganiziridwa kuti ndi omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale matenda oopsa.

Idiopathic hypertension ndiyosowa kwambiri, yomwe imawerengera 13-20% ya milandu yonse, ndipo kafukufuku wochepa wachitika pazomwe zimayambitsa.

Pafupifupi 80% ya milandu, matenda oopsa ndi achiwiri, kutanthauza kuti ndi zotsatira za matenda ena. Matenda ofala kwambiri okhudzana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi, motere:

kulephera kwaimpso kosatha,
hyperthyroidism,
matenda a shuga mellitus,
matenda okhudzana ndi ukalamba monga osteoarthritis akamathandizidwa ndi mankhwala owonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi monga cortisone kapena NSAIDs, kapena kungoti
Ululu - mosasamala kanthu zomwe zimayambitsa (monga zotupa).

Mu Chowona Zanyama mankhwala, otchedwa white coat syndrome (white coat hypertension, white coat effect) imaganiziridwanso, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi chisangalalo m'malo osadziwika a mchitidwewo komanso ndi kasamalidwe ka ogwira ntchito. Zinthu zopsinjika izi zitha kupangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi kuchuluke mpaka 200 mmHg mwa amphaka.

Pakadali pano, TFA ndiye chithandizo chofunikira kwambiri pakuzindikira matenda olondola, pokhapokha ngati kuwongolera kwabwino kwa amphaka kutha kumveka bwino momwe kuyeza kwa magazi kumakhala kopindulitsa.

Pathological zotsatira za matenda oopsa

Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumapangidwa ndi kugunda kwa mtima (systole) ndi kumasuka (diastole) ndi kugwedezeka kwa mitsempha. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwathanzi kumapangitsa kuti ziwalo zonse zizigwira ntchito bwino - pokhapokha ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi koyenera komwe amathamangitsidwa, kuperekedwa ndi mpweya ndi zakudya, ndi kulandira malamulo a ntchito kudzera m'mithenga yomwe imatsuka mkati ndi kunja, kuteteza moyo wonse ndi kupulumuka ( zowopsa). Ngati tikumbukira izi, zikuwoneka ngati zosamvetsetseka kwa ife lero kuti kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi sikunakhale mbali ya chisamaliro chamba.

Ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kumasintha kwamuyaya, ziwalo sizingathenso kukwaniritsa ntchito zake zofunika ndipo malingana ndi kumene kuwonongeka kumawonekera koyamba, zizindikiro zolephera zofanana zimachitika. Ziwalo zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi impso, mtima, maso, ndi ubongo.

impso

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda a impso (CRF). Impso zimagwira ntchito yapadera pakuchita izi, chifukwa zimagawana ulamuliro wa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi mtima. Ndi mbali ina yomwe ili ndi udindo wowonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa magazi oyenda m'thupi ndikokwanira kupereka ziwalo. Ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kukukwera mosagwirizana kwa nthawi yayitali, njira zoyendetsera bwino monga impso glomeruli zimawonongeka ndipo sizikwaniritsanso ntchito yawo yosefera - timalankhula za kulephera kwaimpso. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zogwira ntchito bwino za impso kumabweretsa kulephera kwa ntchito ya impso yosunga kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Ndiko kuti, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumabweretsa matenda aakulu a impso (CKD), ndipo CKD imayambitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

mtima

Oposa 70% amphaka omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa amavutika ndi kusintha kwachiwiri mu mtima. Ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kosalekeza, mtima umayenera kulimbana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha, kotero kuti amphaka ambiri minofu ya kumanzere ya mtima imakula (concentric left ventricular hypertrophy), yomwe imachepetsa mphamvu ya ventricular, kutanthauza kuti magazi ochepa amatha kulowa mu ventricle. Komabe, popeza kuti mtima uyenera kupereka mwazi wokwanira kaamba ka dongosolo la circulation, umayesa kuwonjezereka ntchito yake. Imagunda mwachangu komanso mwachangu (tachycardia) ndikutuluka mungongole ndikuwonjezeka pafupipafupi (arrhythmia). M'kupita kwa nthawi, izi zimapangitsa kuti mtima ukhale wochepa kwambiri, mpaka kuphatikizapo kulephera kwa mtima mwadzidzidzi.

hyperthyroidism

Amphaka opitilira 20% omwe ali ndi chithokomiro chogwira ntchito kwambiri amakhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Mahomoni a chithokomiro (makamaka T3) amakhudza mphamvu ya contractile ndikuwonjezera kugunda kwa mtima (positive inotropic ndi chronotropic, mu amphaka a hyperthyroid nthawi zambiri timapeza kugunda kwa mtima> 200 mmHg). Kuphatikiza apo, amakhudza kuthamanga kwa ziwiya ndi kukhuthala kwa magazi, kotero kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera chifukwa cha izi.

matenda ashuga

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamakono, mphaka wachiwiri uliwonse wokhala ndi shuga wamagazi amakhalanso ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, ngakhale kuti kuwonjezeka kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa. Izi ndizosiyana ndi anthu, pomwe matenda a shuga ndiwodziwika bwino. Chifukwa amphaka omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga nawonso amakhala ndi CKD, ndizovuta kwambiri kukhazikitsa ulalo wachindunji pano, koma amphaka omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi amakhala ndi vuto la maso kuposa omwe alibe matenda oopsa.

Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi

Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino chomwe amphaka omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi amapezeka muzochita ndi khungu ladzidzidzi. Diso limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kuthamanga kwa 160 mmHg kapena kupitilira apo kumatha kuwononga diso. Timawona magazi, kukula kwa ana (mydriasis), kapena kukula kosiyana kwa ana anisocoria). Kumbuyo kwa diso, e timapeza ziwiya zophwanyidwa, edema ya retina, komanso kutsekeka kwa retina. Mwamwayi, sizovuta zonse zomwe sizingasinthe; diso limatha kuchira mukangoyamba kumene kulandira mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya magazi.

Mphaka wachiwiri uliwonse umawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje (encephalopathy) chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kukukwera kwa nthawi yayitali, izi zimatha kuyambitsa edema yaubongo kapena kukha magazi muubongo ndi zizindikiro zofananira monga kuyenda kosakhazikika (ataxia), kunjenjemera, khunyu (khunyu), kusanza, kusintha kwa umunthu (kuchoka, kukwiya), kupweteka ( mutu clenching) mpaka imfa mwadzidzidzi.

Pazidzidzidzi, mphaka amaloledwa kuchipatala, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumayesedwa maola anayi aliwonse ndipo mankhwalawa amasinthidwa m'njira yoti kuthamanga kwa magazi kutsika mokwanira.

Kuyeza magazi

Muyeso wa kuthamanga kwa magazi uyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kuyezetsa koyenera kwapachaka. Zopindulitsa, kuyeza kwa magazi kumatha kuchitidwa mosavuta komanso mwachangu ndi TFA pochita pang'ono.

Kuyeza kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa systolic pogwiritsa ntchito Doppler (Doppler flowmeter) kapena oscillometry (HDO = High Definition Oscillometry) ndi yodalirika komanso yothandiza. Njira zonsezi zimachitidwa ndi probe yomwe imatha kuikidwa kumchira kapena kutsogolo, ndi kutsogolo komwe kumakhala koyenera njira ya Doppler ndi m'munsi mwa mchira poyezera HDO.

HDO

Muyezo wa HDO umawoneka ngati njira yosavuta kwa oyamba kumene chifukwa chovala chokhacho chiyenera kuvalidwa ndipo chipangizocho chimalemba kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikukankhira batani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yovuta zomwe zikhalidwe ndi zokhotakhota zimawonekera pa PC.

Doppler

Pochita pang'ono, njira ya Doppler ndiyosavuta. Kuyeza sikumachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chokha, koma mwachindunji ndi woyesa ndi kafukufuku ndi mahedifoni. Timagwiritsa ntchito njira ya Doppler muzochita zathu ndipo timakhutira nayo.

Kuyika kwa mphaka ndi khafu

Monga momwe tazolowera mchitidwe wokonda amphaka, pankhani yoyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi, timatsatira zomwe mphaka akufuna, chifukwa chisangalalo chilichonse chikhoza kukweza kuthamanga kwa magazi (> 200 mmHg).

Kuthamanga kwa magazi kuyenera kuyesedwa pa mlingo wa mtima, monga momwe anthu amachitira. Izi zimakhala choncho nthawi zonse ndi mphaka atagona cham’mbali, mosasamala kanthu kuti tiyika khafu kutsogolo kapena kumchira. Si amphaka onse omwe amakonda kugona pambali pawo, koma tikhoza kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa mphaka wokhala kapena woyima mofanana.

Malo omwe ali m'munsi mwa mchira ndi abwino kwa amphaka omwe ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri chifukwa sitimayendetsa pafupi ndi mutu, koma amphaka odziwa zambiri amakondanso kufika ndi mwendo wakutsogolo ndikuyesa modekha. Ndiyenera kuyendetsa miyendo mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa amphaka akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amamva kupweteka m'mfundo. The inflatable cuff imangiriridwa motetezedwa pamtsempha wamagazi ndi chomangira cha Velcro, koma sayenera kutsekereza kutuluka kwa magazi muzochitika zilizonse.

Ndi Doppler system, kuthamanga kwa magazi = pulse tsopano kumadziwika ndi kafukufuku ndi mahedifoni. Izi zimafuna kulumikizana bwino pakati pa khungu ndi kafukufuku. Popeza amphaka amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mowa, timapewa kwathunthu ndipo timangogwiritsa ntchito gel osakaniza - choncho nthawi zambiri sikofunikira kumeta malo oyezera, omwe nthawi zonse samakonda kwambiri eni ake amphaka.

Malangizo a IFSM (International Society of Feline Medicine) amalimbikitsa momveka bwino mahedifoni kuti amphaka asasokonezedwe ndi phokoso la chipangizo choyezera. Zochitika zasonyeza kuti kutuluka kwa magazi kwa pulsatile kumapezeka mofulumira kwambiri ndi kachitidwe kakang'ono. Ndikofunika kuyika kafukufuku pachombocho popanda kupanikizika, mwinamwake, kutuluka kwa magazi kumaponderezedwa ndipo sikungathenso kumveka. Poyamba, ndi bwino kuyeseza kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi amphaka omwe ali pansi pa anesthesia pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Kupewa White Coat Effect - The Feline-Friendly Practice

Tikuganiza kuti eni amphaka amadziwa, kupyolera mu maphunziro pa maulendo apitalo, momwe angayikitsire mphaka mudengu loyenera la zonyamulira kunyumba popanda kupsinjika maganizo ndi momwe angapangire zoyendera m'galimoto momasuka momwe zingathere: ndi chofunda chopangidwa ndi pheromone chopopera kuti chiwonongeke. mmwamba mudengu (palibe mphaka amene amakonda kuyenda pamtunda wopanda kanthu) ndi bulangete lophimba dengu kuti apereke chitetezo. Ndipo timaganizanso kuti mchitidwewu ndi wokomera amphaka komanso wokonzedwa. Komabe, kuyendera mchitidwewu kumakhalabe kosangalatsa kwa miyendo yathu ya velvet motero tiyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti tisalole kupsinjika maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, kukhalapo kwa mwiniwake kumatha kukhala kodekha kwa amphaka ena, ndipo TFA yodziwa bwino, yophunzitsidwa bwino imatsimikizira kuti mphaka amagwirizana nafe ndi khalidwe lake lamutu, laulemu.

Amphaka ayeneranso kupatsidwa nthawi yokwanira kuti adziwe malo ozungulira komanso omwe alipo - ena amakonda kuyang'ana malo, ndipo ena amayamba kuona momwe zinthu zilili kuchokera ku chitetezo cha dengu asanasankhe kutuluka kuti atithandize.

Ngati mphaka wabweretsedwa mu bokosi loyendetsa bwino la mphaka lomwe lili ndi gawo lapamwamba lochotseka, ndilololedwanso kukhala pansi pamunsi ndipo kuyeza kwa magazi kumachitidwa bwino pamchira.

Ndikofunikira kukonza mphaka pang'ono momwe mungathere. Zikapanda mpumulo, timasokoneza kayezedwe kake mpaka mphaka atakhazikikanso. Nthawi zonse zimakhala zodabwitsa momwe amphaka athu amayankhira bwino akamakopa ndi kusisita. Sitimagwira ntchito mokakamiza! Ngati mphaka ali womasuka ndipo modalira amatipatsa mphamvu yake, miyeso yake imakhala yofulumira komanso yopindulitsa.

Asanayezedwe kwenikweni, khafu liyenera kukwezedwa ndikupukutidwa kangapo kuti mphaka azolowere kupanikizika. Muyezo woyamba umatayidwa, ndiye kuti miyeso ya 5-7 imatengedwa ndikujambulidwa. Zowerengera izi ziyenera kukhala zosakwana 20%. Mtengo wapakati, womwe ndi mtengo womwe umamangiriza kuthamanga kwa magazi, umawerengedwa kuchokera kumagulu oyezedwa awa. Kuwunika kulikonse kotsatira kuyenera kuchitidwa pansi pamikhalidwe yomweyi. Choncho, zolemba za malo oyezera (paw kapena mchira) ndizofunikanso kwambiri, chifukwa zatsimikiziridwa kuti zovuta zosiyanasiyana zimayesedwa malingana ndi malo a muyeso.

chizolowezi mankhwala matenda oopsa

Monga tanenera poyamba, matenda oopsa a feline nthawi zambiri amakhala achiwiri ndipo matenda oyamba (CKD, hyperthyroidism) ayenera kuzindikiridwa ndikuchiritsidwa nthawi zonse.

Kuphatikiza apo, chithandizo cha kuthamanga kwa magazi nthawi zonse chimakhala chofunikira kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo komanso kukonza thanzi la mphaka. Cholinga chake ndi kukwaniritsa kuthamanga kwa magazi kosachepera 160 mmHg kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi pansi pa 150 mmHg, kuwonongeka kochepa kwa chiwalo kuyenera kuyembekezera. Choncho, chithandizo chiyenera kukhala chothandizira kukwaniritsa ndi kusunga mtengo umenewu kwa nthawi yaitali. Mtengo wa mphaka wathanzi ndi pakati pa 120 ndi max. 140 mmHg.

Mankhwala osankhidwa pochiza matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi calcium channel blocker amlodipine (besylate yomwe imavomerezedwa amphaka. Ndi wothandizira uyu, kuchepetsa 30-70 mmHg kumatheka ndipo mu 60-100% ya amphaka ndikokwanira ngati monotherapy. Palibe zovuta ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kumayang'aniridwa mosalekeza.

Ngati chithandizo cha amlodipine chokha sichingachepetse kuthamanga kwa magazi mokwanira, ndiye kuti mankhwala ena - kutengera matenda omwe akukumana nawo kapena omwe akuyambitsa - ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito (mwachitsanzo, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, spironolactone). Zosakaniza zogwira izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi amlodipine m'njira yochepetsetsa mpaka itayamba kuchitapo kanthu.

Zindikirani!

Kuthamanga kwa magazi kukakhala kochepa, thupi limachita mofulumira kwambiri. Chitsanzo chophweka ndi kusowa kowonekera kwa ntchito ndi kutopa kapena kugwa. Ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kuli kwakukulu, thupi limachita pang'onopang'ono, i. H. molingana, zimangozindikirika pamene kuwonongeka sikungathenso kunyalanyazidwa.

Kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi gawo la kafukufuku wapachaka.
Kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikosavuta ndipo kumatha kuchitidwa ndi namwino wazanyama.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumapewa komanso kuchiritsidwa mosavuta.
Mphaka wa hypertensive ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala, ngakhale kuthamanga kwa magazi kwabwereranso kumalo abwino pambuyo pa mankhwala.

Kuyeza kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi - liti komanso kangati?

Akatswiri amalangiza kuyang'ana kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa amphaka miyezi khumi ndi iwiri iliyonse kuyambira zaka 3-6. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kujambula zomwe munthu wabwinobwino nazo ndikuyimira maphunziro abwino amtsogolo.
Kuyeza kwapachaka kungakhale kokwanira kwa amphaka achikulire athanzi lazaka 7-10.
Koma amphaka achikulire kuposa zaka khumi, komabe, miyeso miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse imakhala yodalirika. Mofanana ndi anthu, adafufuzidwa kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi kumawonjezeka ndi 2 mmHg pachaka ndi zaka zowonjezereka. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa amphaka akuluakulu nthawi zonse kumakhala kokwera kwambiri.
Popeza nyama zimakalamba mwachangu kuposa momwe timachitira mumiyeso yaifupi yanthawi yayitali, kufupikitsa kovomerezeka kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pakati paziwongolero ndikomvekanso.
Mtsutso wofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika amphaka okalamba ndikuti nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda omwe amayambitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi (monga matenda oopsa achiwiri chifukwa cha kulephera kwaimpso). Amphaka omwe ali ndi ziwopsezozi angafunike kuyang'aniridwa miyezi itatu iliyonse kuti achepetse kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo.

Funso Lofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Zoyenera kuchita ngati mphaka ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi?

Njira yabwino yochepetsera kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi amlodipine besylate, blocker calcium channel blocker yomwe imayambitsa kufalikira kwa mitsempha yotumphukira. Mlingo woyambira uyenera kukhala 0.125 mg/kg.

Kodi mungathe kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi mwa amphaka?

Doppler muyeso ndiyo njira yolondola komanso yothandiza kwambiri yoyezera kuthamanga kwa magazi mwa amphaka. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa amphaka kungayambitsidwe ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Zoyambitsa zofala kwambiri ndi hyperthyroidism, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), ndi matenda a impso.

Ndi ndalama zingati kuti mphaka azithamanga magazi?

Kodi kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi kumawononga ndalama zingati? Mtengo woyezera kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi <20€.

Chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mphaka adya mapiritsi a kuthamanga kwa magazi?

Ngati mphaka wameza piritsi mwangozi, izi zimabweretsa kusokoneza kwakukulu kwa mahomoni. Zizindikiro monga kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba zimachitikanso. Izi zimabweretsa kugwa kwa circulatory, kulephera kwa chiwindi, ndi kuwonongeka kwa m'mimba.

Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati mphaka wanga ali ndi shuga?

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za amphaka omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi: ludzu lochulukirapo (polydipsia) kuchuluka kwa kukodza (polyuria) kuchuluka kwa chakudya (polyphagia).

Kodi mphaka ayenera kumwa zingati patsiku?

Mphaka wamkulu amafunikira 50 ml mpaka 70 ml ya madzi pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwake tsiku lililonse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mphaka akulemera 4 kg, ayenera kumwa 200 ml mpaka 280 ml ya zamadzimadzi patsiku. Mphaka wanu samamwa ndalama zonse nthawi imodzi koma m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.

Kodi mphaka ayenera kukodza kangati patsiku?

Amphaka ambiri akuluakulu amakodza kawiri kapena kanayi pa tsiku. Ngati mphaka wanu amakodza nthawi zambiri kapena mobwerezabwereza, izi zikhoza kusonyeza matenda a mkodzo. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kufunsa veterinarian wanu.

Kodi matenda a chithokomiro mwa amphaka amawonekera bwanji?

Amphaka, hypofunction ya chithokomiro sichidziwika kawirikawiri. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba mobisa ndipo zimasinthasintha kwambiri. Kumenya ndikuwonjezera kutopa komanso kusafuna kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mpaka kufooka komanso kufooka kwamutu.