Gule

Chifukwa cha mwambo wawo wokopa anthu pachibwenzi komanso nthenga zake zobiriwira zobiriwira, mbalameyi ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zokongola kwambiri ku Ulaya. Tsoka ilo, akhala osowa kwambiri ndi ife.

makhalidwe

Kodi grouse imawoneka bwanji?

Ma Capercaillies amakula mpaka kukula ngati turkey, kutalika mpaka 120 centimita kuchokera kukamwa kupita kumchira. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala amodzi mwa mbalame zazikulu kwambiri zakubadwa. Amalemeranso ma kilogalamu anayi kapena asanu, ena mpaka sikisi. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi nthenga zakuda, zobiriwira zobiriwira pakhosi, pachifuwa, ndi misana.

Mapiko ndi ofiirira. Ali ndi kadontho kakang'ono koyera kumbali zawo, ndipo mimba ndi pansi pa mchira ndizoyera. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi chofiira chowala pamwamba pa diso: chomwe chimatchedwa duwa. Zimatupa kwambiri panthawi ya chibwenzi. Kuonjezera apo, panthawiyi mbalame yotchedwa capercaillie imakhala ndi nthenga zingapo pachibwano chake zomwe zimaoneka ngati ndevu.

Akaziwo amakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu ang'onoang'ono komanso osawoneka bwino abulauni-woyera. Chishango cha pachifuwa chofiira-bulauni chokha ndi mchira wofiyira-wofiira ndi wakuda wa zingwe ndizosiyana ndi nthenga zosavuta. Makhalidwe ena apadera amasonyeza kuti capercaillie amakhala kwawo kumadera ozizira: Mphuno zawo zimatetezedwa ndi nthenga ndipo m'nyengo ya nyundo ndi m'nyengo yozizira, mapazi komanso makamaka zala zimakhala ndi nthenga zambiri.

Kodi grouse amakhala kuti?

M'mbuyomu, grouse yamatabwa inali yofala m'mapiri apakati ndi kumpoto kwa Ulaya komanso pakati ndi kumpoto kwa Asia.

Chifukwa chakuti ankasakidwa kwambiri ndipo kulibe malo abwino okhalamo, mbalame zokongolazi zimangokhala m’madera ochepa ku Ulaya, monga ku Scandinavia ndi ku Scotland. Ku Germany, mwina kwatsala nyama 1200 zokha. Amapezeka makamaka kumapiri a Bavarian Alps, ku Black Forest ndi ku nkhalango ya Bavaria.

Capercaillie imafunikira nkhalango zokhala chete, zopepuka komanso nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi madambo ndi moor. Zitsamba ndi zipatso zambiri, mwachitsanzo, mabulosi abuluu, amamera pansi. Ndipo amafunikira mitengo kuti abwerere kukagona.

Ndi mitundu yanji ya capercaillie?

Pali mitundu ina yogwirizana kwambiri ya grouse: iyi ndi black grouse, ptarmigan ndi hazel grouse. Nkhuku za grouse ndi prairie zimapezeka ku North America kokha.

Kodi grouse amakhala ndi zaka zingati?

Capercaillie grouse amatha kukhala zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, nthawi zina mpaka zaka 18.

Khalani

Kodi grouse amakhala bwanji?

Capercaillie amakhalabe wokhulupirika kudziko lakwawo. Akasankha gawo, akhoza kuwaona mobwerezabwereza. Amangouluka mtunda waufupi ndipo makamaka amakhala pansi pomwe amasakasaka chakudya. Madzulo, amadumphira m’mitengo kuti akagone chifukwa amatetezedwa ku nyama zolusa.

Capercaillie amadziwika ndi mwambo wawo wachilendo wapa chibwenzi mu March ndi April: M'bandakucha, tambala amayamba nyimbo yake ya chibwenzi. Kumapangidwa ndi kudina, kufupika ndi kugunda kwamphamvu. Mbalameyi imachita ngati ili pachibwenzi potambasula mchira wake mozungulira, ikutambasula mapiko ake ndi kutambasula mutu wake m’mwamba. Nyimbo ya chibwenzi imathera ndi trill yomwe imamveka ngati "kalöpkalöpp-kalöppöppöpp".

Capercaillie ali oimba olimbikira: amabwereza nyimbo yawo yachibwenzi kaŵiri kapena mazana atatu m’maŵa uliwonse; pa nthawi yayikulu ya chibwenzi ngakhale mpaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi. Capercaillie grouse ali ndi malo enieni a chibwenzi omwe amabwereranso m'mawa uliwonse. Kumeneko amalumphira m’mwamba ndi kukupiza mapiko awo asanayambe kuimba – nthawi zambiri amakhala paphiri kapena pachitsa cha mtengo. Ngakhale pakati pa nyimbo, iwo amapitiriza kuwuluka, kuwuluka, mumlengalenga.

Tambala akachita chidwi ndi luso lake, tambala amagona naye. Komabe, grouse sakwatira mkazi mmodzi: atambala amakumana ndi nkhuku zambiri zomwe zimabwera kudera lawo. Komabe, sasamala za kulera ana.

Mwa njira: capercaillie grouse imatha kukhala yodabwitsa komanso yankhanza panthawi yokweretsa. Panali malipoti obwerezabwereza kuti grouse ndiye ankawonanso oyenda m'nkhalango ngati opikisana nawo ndipo amawatsekereza njira.

Anzanu ndi adani a capercaillie

Capercaillie ankasakidwa kwambiri ndi anthu. Adani achilengedwe ndi adani osiyanasiyana monga nkhandwe. Makamaka achinyamata ang'onoang'ono amatha kugwidwa nawo.

Kodi capercaillie imabereka bwanji?

Ana a capercaillie ndi ntchito ya mkazi: akazi okha ndi omwe amasamalira ana. Nsomba imaikira mazira pafupifupi 26 kapena 28 m’chisa pakati pa mizu kapena zitsa zamitengo pansi, ndipo imaumirira kwa masiku XNUMX mpaka XNUMX. Mazirawa ndi aakulu ngati dzira la nkhuku.

Ma capercaillie ang’onoang’ono sakhala aang’ono kwambiri: Patangopita tsiku limodzi ataswa, amadutsa m’nkhalango yowirira kwambiri, ndipo amatetezedwa ndi mayi awo. Amakhala m’chisamaliro cha amayi pafupifupi milungu itatu koma amakhalabe limodzi monga banja m’nyengo yozizira. Nkhuku za Capercaillie ndi anapiye awo ndizovuta kuziwona chifukwa zimabisika bwino ndi nthenga zawo zofiirira ndi beige. Anawo akaopsezedwa ndi zilombo zolusa, amayiwo amawasokoneza ponamizira kuti avulala: amazandima pansi ndi mapiko opunduka, kukopa chidwi cha zolusa.

Kodi grouse amalankhulana bwanji?

Nyimbo ya chibwenzi ya capercaillie imakhala yabata kwambiri poyamba koma kenako imamveka mokweza kwambiri moti imatha kumveka pamtunda wa mamita 400.

Chisamaliro

Kodi grouse amadya chiyani?

Capercaillie makamaka amadya masamba, nthambi, singano, masamba, ndipo, mu kugwa, zipatso. Mimba yanu ndi matumbo anu adapangidwa kuti azigaya chakudya chammera. Amamezanso miyala, yomwe imathandiza kuswa chakudya m’mimba.

Amakondanso tizilombo ta nyerere ndi tizilombo tina ndipo nthawi zina amasaka abuluzi kapena njoka zing’onozing’ono. Anapiye ndi ana aang'ono a capercaillie, makamaka, amafunikira mapuloteni ambiri: Choncho makamaka amadya kafadala, mbozi, ntchentche, nyongolotsi, nkhono, ndi nyerere.

Kulima kwa Capercaillie

Chifukwa ndi amanyazi kwambiri komanso odzipatula, grouse yamatabwa sasungidwa kawirikawiri m'malo osungira nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale ali muukapolo, amafunikira chakudya chapadera kwambiri chomwe chimakhala chovuta kuchipeza, chomwe ndi masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Komabe, ngati ataleredwa ndi anthu, amatha kukhala okhwima kwambiri: ndiye kuti atambala amatha kukopa anthu kuposa grouse.