Mary Allen
Mbawala zakuda, zoyera, ndi zamawanga ofiira zimadzipatsa mphamvu chifukwa cha ng’oma yawo mokweza. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuwonedwa pamitengo m'minda yathu.
makhalidwe
Kodi chopala nkhuni chachikulu chimawoneka bwanji?
Zikwawo zazikulu zamawanga ndi za banja la zopala matabwa ndipo zili komweko ku mtundu wa mbalame zopala matabwa. Amapima masentimita 25 kuchokera kukamwa mpaka kumchira ndipo amalemera magalamu 74 mpaka 95.
Chifukwa nthenga zawo ndi zakuda kwambiri, zoyera, ndi zofiira, zimakhala zosavuta kuziwona: ndi zakuda pamwamba ndi madontho awiri akuluakulu pamapiko, ndipo mimba imakhala yotuwa. Pali malo ofiira aakulu kumanja ndi kumanzere kwa maziko a mchira. Amuna amakhalanso ndi malo ofiira m'khosi mwawo. Mutu ndi woyera m’mbali ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pa ndevu. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zofiira pamwamba pamutu.
Komanso mbalame zopala matabwa zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zopindika kumapazi, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kukwera mitengo ikuluikulu. Zala ziwiri zoloza kutsogolo ndi ziwiri kumbuyo. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mbalamezi zigwire nthambi ndi mitengo. Mbalame zazikulu zamawanga zilinso ndi chinthu china chapadera: zili ndi khungu lokhuthala modabwitsa. Kotero iwo amatetezedwa bwino ku kulumidwa ndi tizilombo - nyama zomwe amakonda kwambiri.
Kodi goli wamawanga wamkulu amakhala kuti?
Nkhuni zazikulu zamawanga ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri ya nkhuni m'dziko lathu. Kupatula ku Europe, amapezeka kumadera ena a Asia ndi North Africa. Mitengo yamitengo yowoneka bwino imatha kupezeka m'nkhalango zotsika komanso za coniferous, komanso m'mapaki ndi minda - i.e. kulikonse komwe kuli mitengo.
Pakakhala matabwa akale kapena akufa m’derali, m’pamenenso mbawala zamawanga zimakonda kukhazikika pamenepo. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwawona mozungulira nyumba m'mitengo m'mundamo.
Kodi pali mitundu yanji ya mbalame zopalasa mawanga?
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya mtundu wathu wa Great Spotted Woodpecker m'magawo osiyanasiyana ake. Izi zimapezeka ku Canary Islands kudutsa Kumpoto kwa Africa ndi ku Europe mpaka ku Asia Minor ndi madera ena a Asia. Achibale a mbalame yopapatiza yamawanga amenenso amakhala nafe, mwachitsanzo, chopala matabwa chaching’ono, chopala matabwa chamiyendo itatu, chopala matabwa chobiriwira ndi chakuda.
Kodi zopala nkhuni zazikulu zimatha kukhala ndi zaka zingati?
Zopala nkhuni zazikulu zimatha kukhala zaka zisanu ndi zitatu.
Khalani
Kodi chopala nkhuni chachikulu chimakhala bwanji?
Mbalame zazikulu zamawanga ndi mbalame za diurnal zomwe sizosavuta kuzizindikira ndi mitundu yawo yochititsa chidwi. Maonekedwe awo amafanananso: nthawi zambiri mumawawona atakhala panthambi kapena akuyenda mwaluso m'mitengo. Ngati akufuna kutsika, samathamanga chamutu, koma amakwera chammbuyo.
Nkhuni zazikulu zamawanga si akatswiri oyendetsa ndege. Amatha kuuluka mwachilengedwe ndipo kuwuluka kwawo kosasunthika sikudziwika. Koma samayenda maulendo ataliatali, nthawi zambiri amakhala m’gawo lawo n’kukwera m’mitengo kumeneko. Mlomo wa mbalame yaing'ono yaing'ono imagwiritsiridwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana: umagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola chisa, kudula nthambi, ndi kubala makungwa a mtengo kuti adye. Amagwiritsa ntchito zomangira zawo zokhala ngati milomo potulutsa mphutsi ndi tizilombo mumitengo.
Ndipo, ndithudi, mlomo umagwiritsidwa ntchito poimba, kugogoda, ndi nyundo: ng'oma zazikulu zamawanga zamawanga zimangolira pa chilichonse chomwe chimamveka: pamitengo yamitengo, nthambi zakufa, komanso pa ngalande kapena mafelemu a zenera. Koma kodi zopala nkhuni zazikulu zamawanga zimapirira bwanji kumenyedwa kwachiwawa?
Mwachidule: Amakhala ndi kulumikizana kosinthika, kosinthika pakati pa tsinde la mlomo ndi chigaza, chomwe chimagwira ntchito ngati chododometsa. Amakhalanso ndi minofu yolimba kumbuyo kwa mitu yawo ndi mafupa amphamvu. Mbalame zazikulu zamawanga zimakhalabe m’gawo lawo chaka chonse. Mbalame zochokera kumpoto ndi kum'maŵa kwa Ulaya, kumbali ina, zimasamukira kumwera m'nyengo yozizira, mwachitsanzo kumpoto kwa Germany.
M’kupita kwa moyo wawo, mbalame zopala nkhuni zazikulu zamawanga zimasema maenje ambiri amenenso amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame. Akadzidzi a Pygmy nthawi zonse amaswana m'mabowo akale a matabwa, koma nyenyezi, mawere, ngakhale mileme, agologolo, kapena dormouse amakonda kulowa m'mabowo akale monga obwereka.
Anzanu ndi adani a nkhanu zazikulu zamawanga
Zilombo zing'onozing'ono monga martens ndi mbalame zodya nyama monga mpheta ndi mbalame kapena akadzidzi ndi akadzidzi ena ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa akalulu aang'ono.
Kodi goli wamawanga wamkulu amaberekana bwanji?
Amuna a Zimbalangondo Akamamenyana ndi mkazi pa nthawi ya chibwenzi, amatsegula milomo yawo n’kukweza nthenga zawo. Yaimuna ikagwira yaikazi, ziwirizo zimakhala pamodzi kwa nyengo imodzi yoswana. Amasema - nthawi zambiri pamodzi - 30 mpaka 50 centimita yakuya ya ana ndi milomo yawo.
Ikakwerana, yaikazi imaikira mazira anayi kapena asanu ndi awiri oyera. Izi zimayitanira zazimuna ndi zazikazi mosinthana kwa masiku khumi ndi limodzi mpaka 13. Ana amadyetsedwa ndi makolo onse kwa milungu itatu kapena inayi mpaka atathawa ndipo amadziimira okha. Amakhwima pakugonana akakwanitsa chaka chimodzi.