Mary Allen
Chifukwa chakuti chiwombankhangacho chimauluka mwaluso komanso mwaulemu, chimadziwikanso kuti “mfumu ya kuthambo”.
makhalidwe
Kodi ziwombankhanga zagolide zimawoneka bwanji?
Ziwombankhanga zazikulu zagolide zimakhala ndi nthenga zofiirira - mu nyama zina mutu wake ndi wofiirira wagolide. Mapiko ndi mchira wooneka ngati makona konkire nawonso ndi akuda, ana a mphungu ang’onoang’ono okha ali ndi nthenga zoyera pansi pa mapikowo. Mchirawo uli ndi mizere yoyera yotakata ndi yakuda yopingasa kumapeto kwake.
Mulomo wa chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi wamphamvu komanso wopindika. Azimayi amatalika masentimita 90 mpaka 95 ndipo mapiko ake amatalika mpaka 230 centimita. Amuna ndi ochepa pang'ono: amangokulira mpaka 80 mpaka 87 centimita ndipo mapiko awo amangofikira ma 210 centimita. Akazi amalemera makilogilamu anayi ndi asanu ndi limodzi ndi theka, amuna okha amalemera makilogilamu atatu kapena anayi ndi theka.
Izi zimapangitsa ziwombankhanga zagolide kukhala zachiwiri pa ziwombankhanga zazikulu ku Germany. Ziwombankhanga zokhala ndi mchira woyera zimakula pang'ono. Ziwombankhanga zagolide nazonso ndizosavuta kuziwona powuluka: zimanyamula mitu yawo patsogolo ndipo mapiko awo amakwezedwa m'mwamba pang'ono ngati V. Ziwombankhanga zagolide zili ndi maso abwino kwambiri. Ndi maso awo akuthwa, amaona nyamazo zili pamwamba kwambiri.
Kodi ziwombankhanga zagolide zimakhala kuti?
Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimapezeka ku Europe, North Africa, Asia, ndi North America. Ku Ulaya, komabe, zimangopezeka m’malo ochepa lerolino: Zimaswanabe kumapiri a Alps, ku Scandinavia, ku Finland, ndi ku Baltic States. Kumadzulo ndi pakati pa Ulaya, ziwombankhanga zagolide zimakhala m'mapiri okha. Ku Germany, pafupifupi magulu 45 mpaka 50 a ziwombankhanga zagolide zimaswana kumapiri a Alps.
Nkhwazi zagolide nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'madera amiyala ndi nkhalango. Amakhalanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Mphungu za golidi zimakonda malo osungulumwa ndipo zimapewa kukhala pafupi ndi anthu.
Achibale apamtima a chiwombankhanga cha golidi ndi mafumu, mawanga, steppe ndi ziwombankhanga zazing'ono. Imafanana kwambiri ndi chiwombankhanga chokulirapo pang'ono chokhala ndi mchira woyera.
Kodi ziwombankhanga zagolide zimakhala ndi zaka zingati?
Mphungu zagolide zimakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 20.
Khalani
Kodi ziwombankhanga zagolide zimakhala bwanji?
Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimakhala zokha. Mumakhala ndi mnzanu muukwati wosakwatiwa wa moyo wonse. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi gawo lokhazikika, lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe amateteza mwamphamvu kwa olowa. M'nyengo yozizira ndi nyengo yokweretsa. Kenako ziwombankhanga zagolide zimauluka mosangalala kwambiri. Amatha kunyamulidwa mmwamba mumlengalenga mozungulira ndikugwa pansi ndi mapiko opindika, kugwira kugwa ndikuwulukira mmwamba mwachangu.
Mphungu zagolide zimamanga ma eyries awo (monga momwe zisa zawo zimatchulidwira) pamtunda wautali, nthawi zina m'mitengo. Kumeneko amatetezedwa kwa adani. Komabe, zisa nthawi zambiri sizitali kwambiri, kotero kuti zimatetezedwa ku mphepo yamkuntho. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, n’kosavuta kuti ziwombankhanga zagolide zinyamule nyama zawo, zimene nthawi zambiri zimazipha m’mwamba m’mapiri, n’kumapita pansi pouluka. Mphungu zagolide zimagwiritsa ntchito zisa zawo mobwerezabwereza kwa zaka zingapo.
Zisa zimamangidwa ndi nthambi ndi ndodo. Amakhala akukonzedwa ndikukulitsidwa nthawi zonse. Patapita zaka zingapo, chisa cha mphungu chikhoza kukhala mamita awiri m’mimba mwake ndi mamita awiri m’mwamba. Zimbalangondo zina zimamanga zisa zingapo: Pakhoza kukhala zisa zisanu ndi ziwiri mpaka khumi, zomwe ziwombankhanga zimagwiritsa ntchito mosinthana.
Anzanu ndi adani a chiwombankhanga chagolide
M’zaka za m’ma 19, ziwombankhanga zinkasaka kwambiri ndi anthu ku Central Europe moti zinatsala pang’ono kutheratu. Kuonjezera apo, zipolopolo za mazira zimakhala zowonda komanso zowonda chifukwa cha poizoni wa chilengedwe, kotero kuti achinyamata sakanathanso kukula.
Kodi ziwombankhanga zagolide zimaberekana bwanji?
Amabala pakati pa Marichi ndi Juni. Yaikazi imaikira dzira limodzi kapena atatu n’kumaikira kwa masiku 43 mpaka 45. Panthawi imeneyi amadyetsedwa ndi mwamuna. Mphungu zazing'ono zimatenga nthawi yaitali kuti zikule. Amakhala m’chisa kwa masiku 65 mpaka 80. M’milungu ingapo yoyambirira, yaimuna imabweretsa nyama yake pachisa. Kumeneko mayiyo akukhadzula nyamayo m’tizidutswa ting’onoting’ono ndi kudyetsa ana. Anawo akakhala ndi nthenga zoyenerera pakatha pafupifupi milungu isanu, amakhala okha m’chisa kwa usana wonse.
Makolowo amapita kukasaka kenaka amaika nyamayo m’mphepete mwa eyrie. Mphungu zagolide nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ana awiri. Kawirikawiri, mmodzi mwa awiriwa amadya kwambiri amakula mofulumira, ndipo amakhala amphamvu. Wachinyamata wachiwiri nthawi zambiri amagwa m'mphepete mwa njira ngati "wothamanga". Ngati kunja kuli kozizira komanso koopsa komanso chakudya chili chochepa, ana achiwiri amafa.
Ana aang’ono akakula mokwanira, amayamba kuphunzitsa minofu yawo yowuluka: amakupizira mapiko awo molusa m’chisa kotero kuti minofu yawo ikhale yamphamvu ndi yolimba. Kumapeto kwa July kapena kumayambiriro kwa August, nthawi yafika: nthenga za chiwombankhanga zakula, minofu yake ndi yolimba kwambiri ndipo imanyamuka paulendo wake woyamba.
Nthawi zina ana amadyetsedwa ndi makolo awo mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka. Koma pofika February wotsatira posachedwa, ayenera kukhala odziimira okha ndipo makolo awo adzathamangitsidwa m'gawolo.
Koma mphungu zazing’ono zimangokula kwenikweni ndi kukhwima m’zakugonana pausinkhu wa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Panthawi imeneyi, ziwombankhanga zina zimauluka mtunda wa makilomita masauzande ambiri. Pamapeto pake, amapeza wokwatirana naye ndipo pamodzi amafunafuna gawo lawolawo.
Kodi ziwombankhanga zagolide zimasaka bwanji?
Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimadabwitsa nyama zawo: ngati ziwona nyama yoyenera, imaiwombera ndi kuipha mumlengalenga kapena pansi. Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimatha kugubuduza pamisana yawo mkati mwa mlengalenga, zomwe zimawalola kugwira nyama kuchokera pansi. Nthawi zambiri awiriwa amasaka pamodzi: Mphungu imathamangitsa nyamayo mpaka kutopa. Kenako mnzakeyo amapha nyama yotopayo.
Mphungu zagolide zimasaka nyama zolemera mpaka ma kilogalamu 15. Zinyama zazikulu zimangodya ngati zitazipeza zakufa. Chiwombankhanga chagolide chimatha kugwira nyama yolemera makilogalamu asanu ndi zikhadabo zake ndikupita nayo ku eyrie yake powuluka. Amasiya nyama zazikulu pamene zili ndipo amabwerera kukadya.
Kodi ziwombankhanga zagolide zimalankhulana bwanji?
Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimatulutsa “hijäh” kapena “cheke-cheke” mwaukali mobwerezabwereza.