Girafa

Mbalame zili m'gulu la nyama zodziwika kwambiri: Chifukwa chokhala ndi makosi awo aatali kwambiri, sizingadziwike.

makhalidwe

Kodi giraffes amaoneka bwanji?

Mbalame zili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo: zili ndi miyendo inayi yayitali kwambiri komanso khosi lalitali kwambiri pa nyama zonse zoyamwitsa: monga nyama zambiri zoyamwitsa, zimakhala ndi minyewa isanu ndi iwiri yokha ya khomo lachiberekero. Komabe, zonsezi ndi zabwino 40 centimita yaitali ndipo zimathandizidwa ndi minofu yamphamvu kwambiri ya khosi. Komabe, si nthawi zonse kuti akalulu amakhala ndi khosi lalitali choncho. Makolo a giraffe, omwe ankakhala ku Ulaya, Africa, ndi Asia zaka pafupifupi 65 miliyoni zapitazo, anali adakali ndi makosi aafupi. Koma m’kupita kwa nthawi m’pamene khosi la giraffe linali litatalika: Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti nyamazo zikhale ndi mwayi chifukwa zinkatha kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chomwe chili pamwamba pa mitengo.

Ponseponse, giraffes amafika kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 5.5 metres - nthawi zina kuposa. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala nyama zapamwamba kwambiri. Matupi awo amatalika mpaka mamita anayi ndipo amalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 700. Akazi amakhala ochepa kwambiri kuposa amuna. Miyendo yakutsogolo ya giraffe ndi yayitali kuposa yakumbuyo, motero kumbuyo kumatsetsereka kwambiri.

Agiraffes ali ndi tinyanga tating'ono tomwe timapanga timizere tiwiri kapena zisanu. Zinyanga za giraffe yaimuna zimatha kukula mpaka masentimita 25, pamene zaikazi zimakhala zazifupi kwambiri. Nyanga za giraffe zimatetezedwa ndi chikopa chapadera chotchedwa bast. Ubweya wa giraffe ndi wofiirira mpaka beige ndipo umakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kutengera mitundu, giraffe zili ndi mawanga kapena zolembera zonga ukonde.

Kodi giraffes amakhala kuti?

Agiraffe amakhala ku Africa kokha. Amapezeka kumadera akumwera kwa Sahara mpaka ku South Africa. Agiraffe amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zomwe zimakhala ndi tchire komanso mitengo yambiri.

Ndi mitundu yanji ya giraffes ilipo?

Pamodzi ndi okapi, akalulu amapanga banja la giraffe. Komabe, okapis ali ndi makosi aafupi okha. Pali mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya giraffes yomwe imapezeka kumadera osiyanasiyana a Africa: giraffe ya Nubian, giraffe ya Kordofan, giraffe ya Chad, giraffe ya reticulated, giraffe ya Uganda, giraffe ya Maasai, giraffe ya Angola ndi Cape. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti timasiyana kokha ndi mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a ubweya wawo komanso kukula ndi mawonekedwe a nyanga zawo. Achibale ena a giraffes ndi agwape. Mutha kudziwa kuti giraffe zili ndi tinyanga tating'ono tomwe timakhala ngati nyanga.

Kodi giraffes zimakhala ndi zaka zingati?

Agiraffe amakhala zaka pafupifupi 20, nthawi zina zaka 25 kapena kupitilira apo. Akagwidwa, amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 30.

Khalani

Kodi mbalamezi zimakhala bwanji?

Agiraffe amakhala m’magulu a nyama zokwana 30 ndipo amakhala achangu masana ndi usiku. Mapangidwe a maguluwa amasintha nthawi zonse ndipo nyama nthawi zambiri zimayenda kuchokera ku gulu lina kupita ku lina.

Chifukwa chakuti giraffe ndi zazikulu kwambiri koma zimadya masamba ndi mphukira zokha, zomwe zilibe chakudya chokwanira, zimathera nthawi yambiri zikudya. Amasamuka kuchoka kumtengo kupita kumtengo ndipo amadya msipu panthambi za mamita asanu mmwamba. Popeza giraffes, monga ng'ombe, ndi zoweta, pamene sizikudya zimathera tsiku zikupumula ndi kumaweta chakudya chawo. Ngakhale usiku, chakudya chovuta kugayidwa chimamvekabe. Agiraffe amagona pang'ono. Amangokhalira mphindi zochepa panthawi imodzi akugona. Zonse, ndi zosakwana maola awiri usiku. Amagona pansi ndikuweramitsa mitu yawo ku matupi awo.

Kugona kwakanthawi kochepa kumakhala kofanana ndi nyama zazikuluzikulu chifukwa panthawiyi sizitetezedwa ku zilombo ndipo zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Mtundu wa malaya ndi zizindikiro za giraffes zimasinthidwa bwino ndi malo omwe amakhalapo: matani a bulauni ndi beige ndi maukonde ndi mawanga amatanthauza kuti amabisala bwino pakati pa mitengo ya savannah.

Chinthu chinanso chodziwika bwino cha giraffes ndicho kuyenda kwawo: zimayenda mu zomwe zimatchedwa amble. Izi zikutanthauza kuti miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yakumbuyo ya mbali imodzi imasunthidwa kutsogolo nthawi imodzi. Ndicho chifukwa chake ali ndi mayendedwe ogwedezeka. Komabe, amatha kukhala othamanga kwambiri ndipo amatha kuthamanga pafupifupi makilomita 60 pa ola akawopsezedwa.

Nthawi zambiri agiraffe amakhala amtendere. Mwina ndi kumene dzina lake linachokera: Mawu oti “giraffe” amachokera ku liwu lachiarabu loti “otetezeka”, kutanthauza kuti “wokongola”. Ngakhale kuti akalonga ali ndi udindo waukulu, nthawi zambiri samenyana. Pokhapokha mukuona ng'ombe ziwiri zikumenyana. Amagunditsana mitu yawo. Mikwingwirima imeneyi imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri moti nthawi zina nyama zimatha kukomoka.

Anzanu ndi adani a giraffe

Zilombo zazikulu zokha monga mikango ndi zomwe zingakhale zoopsa kwa giraffes odwala kapena ana. Nthawi zambiri agiraffe amatetezedwa kwa adani chifukwa chobisala ubweya wawo. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kuwona, kununkhiza komanso kumva bwino kwambiri ndikuzindikira adani ali kutali. Ndipo giraffes zachikulire zimatha kuponya makankha amphamvu ndi ziboda zawo zomwe zimatha kuthyola chigaza cha mkango. Kuti apeze chitetezo cha gulu lalikulu, giraffe kaŵirikaŵiri zimasakanikirana ndi magulu a mbidzi kapena nyumbu.

Kodi mbalamezi zimaberekana bwanji?

Mbalame zazikazi zimangobereka mwana mmodzi. Mwana wa giraffe amabadwa pakadutsa miyezi pafupifupi 15. Pobadwa, ndi kale mamita awiri wamtali ndipo amalemera makilogalamu 75. Mayi amaima pa nthawi ya kubadwa kotero kuti ana amagwa pansi kuchokera kutalika kwa mamita awiri. Ana a giraffe amatha kuyenda akangobadwa. M’chaka choyamba cha moyo, amayamwabe ndi amayi awo. Koma pakangotha ​​milungu ingapo, amayambanso kuswa masamba ndi nthambi. Pambuyo pa chaka choyamba cha moyo, ana a giraffes amadziimira okha ndipo amasiya amayi awo. Ali ndi zaka zinayi, amatha kubereka.

Kodi akalonga amalankhulana bwanji?

Anthufe sitimva phokoso la akalonga – koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti ndi osalankhula. M’malo mwake, giraffes zimalankhula ndi infrasound, zomwe sitingathe kuzimva. Mothandizidwa ndi mawu ozama kwambiriwa, amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake ngakhale paulendo wautali.