Chiyambi: Magwero a Mau Oti "Galu"

Mawu akuti "galu" ndi amodzi mwa mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa anzathu okondedwa amiyendo inayi. Koma kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti mawu amenewa amachokera kuti? M’nkhaniyi, tifufuza mmene mawu oti “galu” amayambira ndi kufufuza ulendo wake kudzera m’zinenero ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.

Mizu Yakale: Kufufuza Chiyambi cha "Galu"

Kuti tipeze magwero a mawu akuti “galu,” tiyenera kubwerera m’mbuyo zaka zikwi zambiri zapitazo. Umboni wakale kwambiri wa agalu oweta unayamba zaka pafupifupi 15,000 zapitazo, nthawi ya Paleolithic. Komabe, magwero a liwu lenilenilo angalondoledwe motalikirapo.

Mphamvu ya Proto-Indo-European pa Canine Terminology

Akatswiri a zinenero amakhulupirira kuti mawu akuti "galu" anachokera ku chinenero cha Proto-Indo-European. Chinenero chakale chimenechi, chimene chinalankhulidwa cha m’ma 4,000 mpaka 2,500 B.C.E., chinayambitsa zinenero zambiri zamakono. Liwu la Proto-Indo-European la galu linali *ḱwṓn, lomwe lidasinthika kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'mabanja azilankhulo zosiyanasiyana.

Terminology ya Agalu mu Chingerezi Chakale ndi Zilankhulo Zachijeremani

M'Chingerezi Chakale, liwu loti galu linali "docga" kapena "dogga," lomwe pamapeto pake limachokera ku liwu la Proto-Germanic "dukkon." Chikoka cha Chijeremani ichi chikhoza kuwonedwa m'zinenero zina zofanana monga German ("Hund") ndi Dutch ("hond").

Kulumikizana kwa Latin: Canis ndi Mphukira Zake

Chilatini, pokhala chinenero cha Aroma akale, chinasiyanso chizindikiro pa liwu lakuti "galu." M'Chilatini, mawu oti galu ndi "canis," omwe apangitsa kuti pakhale mawu ambiri okhudzana ndi canine m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana za Chiromance, monga Chiitaliya ("nzimbe") ndi Chipwitikizi ("cão").

Kubwereketsa ndi Zikoka kuchokera ku Greek ndi Celtic Zilankhulo

Zinenero zachi Greek ndi Celtic zathandiziranso kuti mawu oti "galu" apangidwe. M'Chigiriki, liwu loti galu ndi "kuón," pomwe m'zilankhulo za Celtic, monga Irish ndi Welsh, mawu oti "madadh" ndi "ci" motsatana, amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Canine Terminology mu Zinenero Zachikondi: Chifalansa ndi Chisipanishi

Zilankhulo za Chiromance, zochokera ku Chilatini, zili ndi zosiyana siyana za mawu akuti "galu." Mu French, mawu akuti galu ndi "chien," pamene mu Spanish, ndi "perro." Zosiyanasiyanazi zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa zinenero zosiyanasiyana komwe kwachitika m'madera osiyanasiyana.

Mawu okhudzana ndi agalu m'zilankhulo za Slavic ndi Baltic

Zilankhulo za Slavic ndi Baltic zilinso ndi mawu awoawo agalu. Mu Chirasha, mawu akuti galu ndi "собака" (sobaka), pamene mu Chilithuania, ndi "šuo." Mawu apaderawa akuwonetsa chikoka cha mabanja azilankhulo pa mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa agalu.

Kutsata Mawu akuti "Galu" mu Zinenero zaku Scandinavia

M'zinenero za ku Scandinavia, mawu oti galu amasiyanasiyana. Mu Swedish, ndi "zana," mu Danish, ndi "zana," ndipo mu Norwegian, ndi "zana." Zofananira izi m'mawu m'zilankhulo zonse zaku Scandinavia zikuwonetsa cholowa chawo chogawana zinenero.

Kusanthula Kofananira: Mawu Agalu M'zilankhulo Zaku Asia

Mawu akuti galu m'zinenero za ku Asia amasiyana kwambiri. Mu Chitchaina, liwu lotanthauza galu ndi "狗" (gǒu), m'Chijapani, ndi "犬" (inu), ndipo mu Chihindi, ndi "कुत्ता" (kutta). Zosiyanasiyanazi zikuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa zilankhulo ndi zikhalidwe ku Asia konse.

Mawu a Agalu mu Zinenero Zachilengedwe Zachimereka ndi Zachilengedwe

Zilankhulo zaku America ndi Zachilengedwe zilinso ndi mawu awoawo agalu. Mwachitsanzo, m’Chinavajo, mawu akuti galu ndi “łį́į́ʼ. Zilankhulo zimenezi zapanga mawu osiyana kuti asonyeze chikhalidwe ndi zilankhulo za madera awo.

Kufalikira Padziko Lonse: Chingelezi Chamakono ndi Kupitirira

Kufalikira kwa chilankhulo cha Chingerezi m'nthawi ya atsamunda komanso chikoka chake padziko lonse lapansi kwapangitsa kuti mawu oti "galu" atengeke m'zilankhulo zambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale m'madera omwe Chingerezi si chinenero choyambirira, mawu oti "galu" nthawi zambiri amadziwika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwake ponseponse mu chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino komanso zofalitsa.

Pomaliza, mawu oti "galu" ali ndi ulendo wosangalatsa wodutsa m'zilankhulo ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Kuchokera ku magwero ake akale ku Proto-Indo-European mpaka kusiyanasiyana kwake m'zilankhulo zamakono, mawu oti "galu" akuwonetsa mbiri yakale ya anthu komanso ubale wapadziko lonse lapansi pakati pa anthu ndi anzawo a canine.