Mary Allen
Nkhupakupa zimafalitsa matenda opatsirana osiyanasiyana. Tikupereka awiri a iwo mwatsatanetsatane apa kuti muthe kuphunzitsa eni agalu m'njira yabwino kwambiri.
Babesiosis ndi hepatozoonosis ndi matenda opatsirana a parasitic, koma samafalitsidwa ndi udzudzu koma ndi nkhupakupa. Zonsezi zimayambitsidwa ndi protozoa (zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi) ndipo, monga leishmaniasis ndi filariasis, ndizomwe zimatchedwa "matenda oyendayenda kapena ku Mediterranean". Komabe, babesiosis komanso hepatozoonosis yayamba kale ku Germany (ikuchitika m'madera ena). Matenda ena opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa ndi Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, Rickettsiosis, ndi Lyme matenda.
babesiosis
Canine babesiosis ndi matenda opatsirana a parasitic omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo amatha kupha. Mayina ena ndi piroplasmosis ndi "canine malaria". Si imodzi mwa zoonoses.
Pathogen ndi Kufalikira
Babesiosis imayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (protozoa) zamtundu wa Babesia. Amafalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana (pamwamba pa nkhupakupa zam'nkhalango zonse ndi nkhupakupa za bulauni) ndipo zimangowononga ma erythrocytes (maselo ofiira a magazi) a nyama zam'madzi, chifukwa chake amatchedwanso erythrocytes. haemoprotozoa. Iwo ndi odziwika kwambiri kwa onse omwe ali ndi nkhupakupa komanso omwe amawalandira. Ku Ulaya, Babesia canis (mitundu yaku Hungary ndi French) ndi Babesia vogeli sewerani gawo lofunikira kwambiri, ndi Babesia canis nthawi zambiri zimatsogolera ku matenda oopsa (makamaka kupsinjika kwa Hungary), pomwe Babesia vogeli matenda nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa.
matenda
Nkhupakupa zachikazi ndizomwe zimayambitsa kufala kwa Babesia, udindo wa nkhupakupa zachimuna pakudwala sikunafotokozedwebe. Nkhupakupa zimagwira ntchito ngati vekitala komanso ngati mosungiramo madzi. Babesia amadyetsedwa ndi nkhupakupa poyamwa. Iwo amalowa m'matumbo epithelium ndi kusamukira ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana monga thumba losunga mazira ndi salivary glands a nkhupakupa, kumene amachulukana. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa kachilomboka kwa ana, magawo a mphutsi a nkhupakupa amathanso kutenga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Nkhupakupa zachikazi zimayamwitsa zokhala nazo kwa maola osachepera 24 kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyambe. sporozoites ) m'malovu a nkhupakupa amapezeka kuti atengere galu. Kupatsirana kwa Babesia kumachitika pakatha maola 48 mpaka 72 chilumidwe ndi nkhupakupa. Amangomenyana ndi erythrocytes, kumene amasiyanitsa ndi kugawanika kukhala otchedwa merozoite. Izi zimayambitsa kufa kwa maselo. The makulitsidwe nthawi ndi masiku asanu masabata anayi, prepotency sabata imodzi. Ngati chiweto chapulumuka matendawa popanda chithandizo, chimapanga chitetezo chokwanira kwa moyo wonse koma chikhoza kutaya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwa moyo wonse.
Kupatsirana kumathekabe ngati gawo la zochitika zoluma komanso kuikidwa magazi. Kupatsirana koyimirira kuchokera ku nthiti kupita kwa ana agalu kwasonyezedwanso kwa mtundu wa Babesia.
zizindikiro
Babesiosis imatha kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Pachimake kapena pachimake (zodziwika kwambiri ndi Babesia canis matenda ): Chiweto chimaperekedwa ngati chadzidzidzi ndipo chikuwonetsa:
- kutentha kwakukulu (mpaka 42 ° C);
- Kusokonezeka kwakukulu (kusowa chilakolako, kufooka, mphwayi)
- Chizoloŵezi chotulutsa magazi pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, reticulocytosis, komanso kutuluka kwa bilirubin ndi hemoglobin mumkodzo (mtundu wa bulauni!)
- Kutsekemera kwa mucous nembanemba ndi sclera (icterus)
- Thrombocytopenia imafalitsa intravascular coagulation
- kupuma movutikira
- Kutupa kwa mucous nembanemba (kutuluka m'mphuno, stomatitis, gastritis, hemorrhagic enteritis)
- Kutupa kwa minofu (myositis) ndi kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe
- Kukula kwa ndulu ndi chiwindi ndi dontho la m'mimba (ascites) ndi mapangidwe a edema.
- matenda a epileptiform
- pachimake aimpso kulephera
Ngati sichitsatiridwa, mawonekedwe owopsa nthawi zonse amatsogolera ku imfa m'masiku ochepa.
Zosatha :
- kusintha kwa kutentha kwa thupi
- kuperewera kwa magazi
- kuwonda
- mphwayi
- kufooka
Subclinical :
- kutentha thupi
- kuperewera kwa magazi
- mphwayi wapakatikati
Matendawa
Mtundu wa matenda zimadalira nthawi ya matenda.
Matenda owopsa kapena matenda osakwana milungu iwiri yapitayo: kuzindikira mwachindunji kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda by:
- Kuyezetsa magazi kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ma erythrocyte omwe ali ndi Babesia: Magazi ang'onoang'ono (Giemsa stain kapena Diff-Quick) ochokera ku peripheral capillary blood (auricle kapena tail nsonga) ndi oyenera kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maselo ochuluka omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Kapenanso (makamaka ngati zotsatira za kupaka magazi sizikudziwika) kuyambira tsiku lachisanu pambuyo pa matenda, PCR yochokera ku EDTA magazi ndi mwayi wosiyanitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zingakhale zofunikira pa chithandizo ndi matenda.
Matenda kapena matenda opitilira masabata awiri apitawo :
Kuyesedwa kwa serological kwa ma antibodies motsutsana ndi Babesia (IFAT, ELISA), kupatula ngati nyama yomwe ili ndi katemera.
- Babesia canis (Kusemphana kwa France): nthawi zambiri kutsika kwa ma antibody
- Babesia canis (Hungary strain): nthawi zambiri mapangidwe apamwamba a ma antibodies
- Babesia vogeli: nthawi zambiri kutsika kwa ma antibody
Zotsatirazi matenda makamaka ayenera kuganiziridwa mu matenda osiyanasiyana:
- Immunohemolytic anemia (poizoni, wokhudzana ndi mankhwala, kapena autoimmune)
- zokhudza zonse lupus erythematosus
- anaplasmosis
- Ehrlichiosis
- mycoplasmosis
mankhwala
Therapy ikufuna kuthetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ngakhale izi zimachepetsa nthawi ya chitetezo mpaka chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Ngati matenda owopsa asamutsidwa ku gawo lachiwopsezo popanda zizindikiro zachipatala, pali chitetezo chokwanira kwa moyo wonse ndipo chiweto sichimadwalanso koma chimakhala ngati chonyamulira. Izi ziyenera kuwonedwa mozama kwambiri, makamaka za mtundu wa Hungarian wa Babesia canis, popeza nkhupakupa ya m'nkhalango ya alluvial imayikira mazira 3,000 mpaka 5,000 mutatha kudya magazi, omwe pafupifupi 10% amadwala ndi Babesia kudzera mu transovarial kufala, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo imfa mu umodzi Watsopano matenda ndi Babesia kupsyinjika ndi mpaka 80%.
Hepatozoonosis
Hepatozoonosis ndi matenda opatsirana agalu. Dzinali ndi losocheretsa chifukwa matendawa si zoonosis choncho sakhala oopsa kwa anthu.
Pathogen ndi Kufalikira
The causative wothandizira wa hepatozoonosis ndi Hepatozoon canis, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku gulu la coccidia. Chifukwa chake, imakhalanso m'gulu la protozoa. Hepatozoon canis poyamba amachokera ku Africa ndipo adayambitsidwa kumwera kwa Ulaya kuchokera kumeneko. M'dera la Mediterranean, mpaka 50% ya agalu onse opanda moyo amatengedwa kuti ali ndi kachilombo. Koma osati galu yekha amene ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma nkhandwe ndi amphaka ndi zonyamulira. Pakalipano, hepatozoonosis yawerengedwa pakati pa matenda oyendayenda. Mu 2008, komabe, adapezeka mu agalu awiri a Taunus omwe anali asanachoke ku Germany. Kuphatikiza apo, monga gawo la kafukufuku wokhudza nkhandwe ku Thuringia, anthu ambiri a nkhandwe adakhala ndi vuto la seropositive. Hepatozoon anapikisana. Nkhupakupa wagalu wabulauni ndiye chonyamulira chachikulu. Nkhupakupa ya hedgehog imapatsidwanso ntchito yofalitsira (makamaka nkhandwe), koma njira yeniyeni yopatsirana sikudziwika pano.
matenda
Monga chonyamulira cha Hepatozoon canis, Brown galu Mafunso Chongani akhoza kupulumuka chaka chonse mu nyumba, mkangano kennels, etc. Iwo mwachangu amapita kwa khamu lake ndipo amadutsa mkombero lonse chitukuko cha dzira-mphutsi-nymph-wamkulu Mafunso Chongani mu miyezi itatu yokha.
Matenda ndi Hepatozoon canis sizichitika mwa kulumidwa koma kudzera m'kamwa (kumeza kapena kuluma) kwa nkhupakupa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadutsa m'matumbo a galu ndikuyamba kupatsira ma monocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, ndi ma lymphocytes, kenako chiwindi, ndulu, mapapo, minofu ndi mafupa. Kukula, komwe kumatenga masiku pafupifupi 80, kumaphatikizapo magawo angapo a nkhupakupa ndi galu ndipo amatha ndi kupanga zomwe zimatchedwa. intraleucocytic gamonts. Izi zimalowetsedwa ndi nkhupakupa panthawi yoyamwa. Kubala ndi chitukuko zimatengera kusinthasintha kwa nyengo. Mosiyana ndi babesiosis, kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu nkhupakupa sikungathe kuwonetsedwa. Kutalika kwa nthawi yoyamwitsa sikudziwika.
zizindikiro
Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakhala osachiritsika kapena alibe zizindikiro, koma nthawi zonse amatha kutsagana ndi zizindikiro zazikulu, makamaka matenda osakanikirana, monga B. ndi Leishmania, Babesia, kapena Ehrlichia.
Zovuta :
- malungo
- Kusokonezeka wamba (kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya, kufooka, mphwayi)
- kutupa kwa lymph node
- kuwonda
- kutulutsa m'maso ndi m'mphuno
- kutsekula
- kuperewera kwa magazi
Zosatha :
- kuperewera kwa magazi
- thrombocytopenia
- kuwonda
- Kutupa kwa minofu ndi vuto la kuyenda (kuthamanga kolimba)
- Chapakati mantha zochitika ndi khunyu ngati khunyu
Kupanga kwakukulu kwa γ - globulins ndi magulu akuluakulu a chitetezo cha mthupi angayambitse chiwindi ndi impso kulephera.
Matendawa
Kuzindikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimachitika mwachindunji kapena mosalunjika pa matenda pachimake ndi aakulu.
Kuzindikira kwachindunji kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda :
Kuyeza magazi (Giemsa stain, buffy coat smear): Kuzindikira ma gamonts ngati matupi owoneka ngati kapisozi m'maselo oyera amagazi.
PCR kuchokera ku EDTA magazi
Kuzindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mosadziwika bwino: kutsimikiza kwa titer ya antibody (IFAT)
Mu matenda osiyana, anaplasmosis, Ehrlichiosis, ndi immunopathy makamaka ayenera kuganiziridwa.
mankhwala
Pakali pano palibe mankhwala otetezeka othetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chithandizo makamaka chimathandiza kuchepetsa njira ya matendawa.
prophylaxis
Pakali pano palibe chemo- kapena katemera prophylaxis odalirika. Eni agalu ayenera kupatsidwa malangizo pa mankhwala othamangitsa nkhupakupa. Komabe, kupewa bwino kumakhala kovuta chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pomeza kapena kuluma nkhupakupa. Agalu omwe amakumana ndi masewerawa akamasaka kapena kutola nyama zakutchire (zolusa) zomwe zili ndi nkhupakupa, ndiye kuti ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Kupewa poteteza nkhupakupa
Njira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa nkhupakupa:
- Chitetezo ku nkhupakupa (zolepheretsa) kuti zisagwirizane ndi wolandirayo
- Kupha nkhupakupa (acaricidal effect) isanayambe kapena itatha kugwirizana ndi wolandirayo
Izi zitha kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- zokonzekera pomwepo
- utsi
- kolala
- mapiritsi otafuna
- zokonzekera pomwepo
Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pakhungu pakhosi la galu ngati malaya agawanika, komanso m'dera la kumbuyo kwa agalu akuluakulu. Nyama sayenera kunyambita kuchokera yogwira mankhwala. Izi zimafalikira kuchokera ku mfundo zotchulidwa pa thupi lonse. Galu sayenera kudyetsedwa m'maderawa kwa maola asanu ndi atatu oyambirira (choncho tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzulo asanagone) ndipo ngati n'kotheka asanyowe m'masiku awiri oyambirira (kusamba, kusambira, mvula). Nthawi yochita ndi i. dR masabata atatu kapena anayi.
Chinthu chogwira ntchito chomwe chili ndi permetrin, chochokera ku permetrin, kapena fipronil. Permethrin ndi zotumphukira zake zimakhala ndi ma acaricidal komanso othamangitsa, fipronil amangokhala acaricidal. Zofunika: Permethrin ndi pyrethroids ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa amphaka, choncho musagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa pa amphaka. Ngati agalu ndi amphaka amakhala m'nyumba imodzi, ayenera kusamala kuti mphaka asagwirizane ndi galu wothandizidwa ndi permethrin / pyrethroid mpaka chinthu chogwira ntchito chitatha. Permethrin ndi fipronil ndi poizoni kwa nyama zam'madzi ndi zopanda msana.
utsi
Zopopera zimapopera thupi lonse ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera, koma zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Kwa mabanja omwe ali ndi ana kapena amphaka komanso kutengera zomwe zimagwira, iwo ndi osayenera. Choncho sakuganiziridwa mu tebulo ili m'munsimu.
kolala
Kolala iyenera kuvalidwa ndi galu nthawi zonse. Amatulutsa chosakaniza chawo mu ubweya wa galu kwa miyezi ingapo. Kukhudzana kwambiri ndi munthu ndi kolala kuyenera kupewedwa. Choyipa ndichakuti galu yemwe ali ndi nkhupakupa kolala amatha kugwidwa m'tchire. Choncho, agalu osaka sayenera kuvala kolala yotereyi. Kolala iyenera kuchotsedwa posamba ndi kusambira, ndipo galu sayenera kuloledwa kulowa m'madzi kwa masiku osachepera asanu atavala koyamba.
mapiritsi otafuna
Mapiritsi amalola kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi nyama, komanso kusamba ndi kusambira mwamsanga mukangogwiritsa ntchito. Utsogoleri nthawi zambiri umakhala wopanda vuto. Komabe, nkhupakupa imayenera kudziphatika kwa mwiniwakeyo ndikuyamwa chinthu chogwira ntchito panthawi ya chakudya chamagazi kuti aphedwe pambuyo pa maola khumi ndi awiri. Choncho palibe zotsatira zothamangitsira.
Chidule cha zokonzekera, mapiritsi otafuna, ndi makolala omwe ali pamsika atha kupezeka pansipa patebulo lotsitsa.
Zoletsa nkhupakupa ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yonse ya nkhupakupa kapena chaka chonse m'malo omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha nkhupakupa. M'malo mwake, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinyama zathanzi. Zokonzekera zina ndizoyeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu oyembekezera komanso oyamwitsa ndi ana agalu. Ngati muli ndi matenda a pakhungu kapena kuvulala pakhungu, muyenera kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera.
Kuonjezera apo, mutatha kuyenda kulikonse, kuyang'anitsitsa malaya ndi kuchotsa mwamsanga nkhupakupa zonse zomwe zapezeka ndizofunikira. Izi zitha kuchitika ndi tick tweezer, khadi, kapena chida chofananira.
Muzochitika payekha, eni ake agalu amafotokoza zokumana nazo zabwino pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta a kokonati kunja kapena mkati, mafuta a chitowe wakuda, cistus (Cistus incanus), yisiti ya brewer, adyo, kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi zosakaniza zamafuta ofunikira. Komabe, zotsatira zotsimikizirika sizingachitike chifukwa cha miyeso iyi, monga momwe mikanda ya amber kapena zolembera zamphamvu zapakhosi. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta ena ofunikira amakwiyitsa ndipo adyo amatha kukhala poizoni.
Behavioral prophylaxis
Ma biotopes odziwika a nkhupakupa ayenera kupewedwa momwe angathere. Agalu sayenera kutengedwa paulendo wopita kumadera owopsa panthawi yomwe ali pachiwopsezo.
Funso Lofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi agalu omwe ali ndi hepatozoonosis amakhala ndi zaka zingati?
Chiyembekezo cha moyo mu hepatozoonosis
Izi zimadalira mphamvu ya chitetezo cha galu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka, zaka zake, zovuta zake, komanso momwe chithandizocho chimayambira mofulumira. Ngati matendawa adziwika mwamsanga ndipo chithandizo chayamba mwamsanga, mwayi wochira ndi wabwino.
Kodi babesiosis imafalikira bwanji?
kufalikira kwa babesiosis
Babesiosis imayambitsidwa ndi protozoa yopatsirana ndi nkhupakupa. Nkhupakupa imayenera kuyamwa kwa maola osachepera khumi ndi awiri kuti matendawa achite bwino.
Kodi babesiosis amapatsirana kuchokera kwa galu kupita kwa galu?
Nthawi zambiri, imatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa galu kupita kwa galu kudzera mwa kulumidwa kapena m'mimba mwa galu. Njira inanso yopatsira matenda ingakhale kuikidwa magazi ndi magazi oipa. Zabwino kudziwa: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayambitsa babesiosis mwa agalu sitingapatsire anthu.
Kodi babesiosis imatha kufalikira kwa anthu?
Babesiosis ndi zomwe zimatchedwa zoonosis - matenda a nyama omwe amatha kufalikira kwa anthu. Nkhupakupa zomwe zimakhala ngati zapakatikati zimatha kufalitsa babesiosis kwa anthu. Matendawa ndi osowa kwambiri ku Germany.
Kodi hepatozonosis ndi yopatsirana?
Mabwenzi amiyendo inayi sangathe kupatsira anthu kapena nyama zina mwachindunji ndi hepatozoonosis.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani galu akadya nkhupakupa?
Agalu akamadya nkhupakupa, nthawi zambiri amatha kufalitsa matenda a Lyme, hepatozoonosis, ndi anaplasmosis. Kutenga kachilombo ka babesiosis, Ehrlichiosis, ndi nkhupakupa kungayambitsenso. Nkhani yabwino? Kudya nkhupakupa ndikowopsa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuluma nkhupakupa.
Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti nkhupakupa zipatsire matenda kwa agalu?
Nkhupakupa zokha zimatha kufalitsa Borrelia kwa galu, matenda ndi galu wina ndizosatheka. Kumayambiriro kwa maola 16, nthawi zambiri pakangotha maola 24, Borrelia amapatsira galu kuchokera ku nkhupakupa.
Kodi matenda a Lyme amakhudza bwanji agalu?
Galu yemwe akudwala matenda a Lyme angasonyeze zizindikiro zotsatirazi: Kutentha thupi pang’ono ndi kulefuka. kutupa kwa lymph node. Kutupa kwa mafupa ndi kupunduka chifukwa cha kutupa pamodzi (arthropathies).