Madzi a Stingray

Mbalame zam'madzi zam'madzi zimawopedwa kwambiri kuposa ma piranha ku South America: zimatha kuvulaza ndi mbola zake zapoizoni!

makhalidwe

Kodi stingrays m'madzi amawoneka bwanji?

Mbalame zotchedwa stingrays, monga momwe dzina lawo limasonyezera, ndi nsomba za m’madzi opanda mchere. Mofanana ndi shaki, iwo ali m’gulu la nsomba zotchedwa cartilaginous. Izi ndi nsomba zakale kwambiri zomwe zilibe mafupa opangidwa ndi mafupa koma opangidwa ndi chichereŵechereŵe. Nsomba zam'madzi zimakhala pafupifupi zozungulira komanso zosalala kwambiri. Kutengera mitundu, thupi lawo lili ndi mainchesi 25 mpaka mita imodzi.

Mwachitsanzo, Leopold stingray ali ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 40 centimita, akazi ndi pafupifupi 50 centimita wamtali. Kuchokera pakamwa mpaka kunsonga kwa mchira, stingrays zamadzi amchere zimatalika mpaka 90 centimita. Amuna a stingray a m'madzi amasiyana ndi akazi ndi zomangira kumbuyo kwa maliseche, zomwe zimasowa mwa akazi.

Onse aamuna ndi aakazi amanyamula mchira kumapeto kwa matupi awo okhala ndi msana wa poizoni wa calcareous womwe umakhala utali wa mainchesi atatu womwe umagwa pakapita miyezi ingapo ndipo umalowedwa m'malo ndi msana watsopano, womwe ukukulanso. Khungu la stingrays m'madzi amchere ndi lovuta kwambiri ndipo limakhala ngati sandpaper. Izi zimachokera ku mamba ang'onoang'ono a pakhungu, omwe amatchedwanso mamba a placoid. Monga mano, amakhala ndi dentini ndi enamel.

Ma stingrays amadzi am'madzi amapangidwa mosiyanasiyana. Mbalame ya Leopold ili ndi thupi lapamwamba la azitona lobiriwira mpaka imvi-bulauni wokhala ndi mawanga oyera, achikasu, kapena malalanje okhala ndi malire akuda.

Komabe, cheza chowala pamimba. Pamwamba pamutu pali maso okweza, omwe amathanso kubwezeredwa. Ma stingrays amatha kuwona bwino ngakhale kuwala kuli kocheperako. Izi zili choncho chifukwa maso awo, monga amphaka, ali ndi zinthu zomwe zimatchedwa residual light intensifiers. Pakamwa, m'mphuno, ndi m'mabowo zili pansi pa thupi.

Komabe, monga kusintha kwapadera kwa moyo pansi pa madzi ndi m'matope, ali ndi kupuma kowonjezera: Kuwonjezera pa magalasi, amakhalanso ndi zomwe zimatchedwa dzenje lakutsitsi kumbuyo kwa maso pamwamba pa mutu. kuti aziyamwa madzi opumira opanda mchenga ndi mchenga. Mano a cheza amakula m'miyoyo yawo yonse; izi zikutanthauza kuti mano akale, otha nthawi zonse amasinthidwa kukhala atsopano.

Kodi stingrays m'madzi abwino amakhala kuti?

Ma stingrays amadzi am'madzi amapezeka kumadera otentha ku South America. Komabe, stingray ya Leopold imapezeka ku Brazil kokha, mwachitsanzo, m'dera laling'ono komanso losowa kwambiri: limapezeka m'mitsinje ya Xingu ndi Fresco. Nsomba zam'madzi zimakhala m'mitsinje yayikulu yaku South America, makamaka ku Orinoco ndi Amazon.

Ndi nsomba ziti zamadzi am'madzi zomwe zilipo?

Pazonse pali mitundu yoposa 500 yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cheza padziko lapansi, ambiri aiwo amakhala m'nyanja, mwachitsanzo, m'madzi amchere. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 28 yamitundu yosiyanasiyana m'banja la stingray, lomwe limapezeka m'madzi opanda mchere. The Leopold stingray ndi zomwe zimatchedwa endemic mitundu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimangopezeka m'dera laling'ono kwambiri, lodziwika bwino logawa.

Mtundu wina, womwe ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi nkhanga, uli ndi mitundu yokulirapo. Zimapezeka m'madera akuluakulu m'mitsinje ikuluikulu monga Orinoco, Amazon, ndi La Plata. Mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mtundu wopepuka komanso wokulirapo kuposa stingray wa Leopold. Malingana ndi dera, mitundu pafupifupi 20 yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya stingray yamaso a pikoko imadziwika.

Khalani

Kodi stingrays m'madzi amakhala bwanji?

Zambiri sizikudziwika za stingrays zamadzi amchere. Mitundu ina, monga Leopold stingray, yakhala ikudziwika ngati mitundu yosiyana kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990. Ofufuzawo sadziwa kwenikweni ngati akugwira ntchito masana kapena usiku.

Amadzikwirira m’matope pansi pa mtsinje kuti agone. Akadzuka, amasakasaka pansi kuti apeze chakudya. Iwo sasambira momasuka m'madzi, chifukwa chake simumawawona kawirikawiri m'chilengedwe - kapena zizindikiro zozungulira zomwe amazisiya pansi akachoka m'malo awo ogona.

Ku South America, nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zimawopedwa kwambiri kuposa ma piranha: anthu akaponda mwangozi cheza chomwe chili pansi pa mitsinje. Pofuna kudziteteza, nsombazo zimabaya ndi mbola yake yapoizoni: mabalawo ndi opweteka kwambiri ndipo amachira kwambiri. Poizoniyo akhoza kupha ana aang’ono.

Pofuna kupewa ngozi zoterezi, anthu a ku South America apanga chinyengo: akawoloka mchenga m'madzi osaya, amagwedeza masitepe awo mumchenga: amangogunda pambali pa ray ndi phazi lawo, lomwe kenako limasambira mofulumira.

Anzanu ndi adani a stingrays amadzi amchere

Popeza nsomba zam'madzi monga Leopold stingray zimakhala zobisika kwambiri ndipo zimatha kudziteteza bwino chifukwa cha mbola zakupha, zimakhala zovuta kukhala ndi adani achilengedwe. Nthaŵi zambiri, timanyezi timene timagwidwa ndi nsomba zina zolusa. Komabe, amasakidwa ndi kudyedwa ndi anthu a m’derali, komanso amagwidwa kuti akachite malonda okongoletsera nsomba.

Kodi stingrays m'madzi amchere amabereka bwanji?

Mbalame zam'madzi zam'madzi zimabala moyo wachichepere. Azimayi amakhwima pakugonana akakwanitsa zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi. Kupanga, komwe kumatha mphindi 20 mpaka 30, nyama zimagona pamimba mpaka pamimba.

Patapita miyezi itatu, zazikazi zimabereka ana khumi ndi awiri, omwe ali ndi masentimita asanu ndi limodzi mpaka 17. Miyezi ya ana yakula kale ndipo imakhala yodziyimira pawokha. Komabe, akukhulupirira kuti amakhala pafupi ndi amayi awo kwa masiku angapo kuti adziteteze kwa adani.

Kodi stingrays m'madzi amasaka bwanji?

Nsomba zam'madzi ndi nsomba zolusa. Mphenjezo ngati zipsepse za pachifuwa, pomwe ziwalo zomva zimakhala, zimakhala m'mbali mwa thupi. Umu ndi momwe amaonera nyama yawo. Zikangogwira nyama ndi zipsepse za pachifuwa, zimachitapo kanthu ndikuzitengera kukamwa. Amayika thupi lawo lonse pa nsomba zazikuluzikulu ndikumakupiza zipsepse za pachifuwa kuti zizigwira bwino.