Mary Allen
Wina amakamba za moto wa nkhalango pamene moto wayaka. Moto woterewu ukhoza kufalikira mofulumira ndi kuwononga kwambiri: Nyama zimene zimakhala m’nkhalango zimafa kapena kutaya malo awo okhala. Nkhuni zambiri zimayaka pamoto. Kuyaka kumatulutsa mpweya wochuluka wa carbon dioxide mumlengalenga, umene umawononga nyengo. Mitengo yotenthedwa sichithanso kutenga carbon kuchokera mumlengalenga ndi kutulutsa mpweya kudzera mu photosynthesis. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala chiwopsezo choti motowo ufalikira kumatauni apafupi ndikuyika anthu pangozi. Kuonjezera apo, nkhalango imataya ndalama zambiri chifukwa mitengo yotenthedwa siingathenso kudulidwa ndi kugulitsidwa.
Kutentha kwa nkhalango kumakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe. Koma amathanso kuchita zinthu zabwino: Malo owala, owala amapangidwa. Zotsatira zake, zomera pansi zimalandiranso kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kuwotcha nkhuni kumapangitsa kuti zomera zipezenso zakudya zawo. Kuwotcha nkhalango kungathenso kupanga mawonekedwe atsopano monga ma heath. Zinyama zosowa zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe amtunduwu monga malo okhala zimatha kuberekana bwino.
Moto wa m’nkhalango ukhoza kukhala woopsa kwambiri ukakhala wouma kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali. Mphepo yamphamvu komanso kutentha kwambiri kungayambitsenso moto m’nkhalango. Moto ukakhala m’nkhalango, ozimitsa moto amayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, makamaka kunja kukatentha chifukwa moto umafalikira mwachangu. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuzimitsa motowo pansi poyamba. Mitengo siyaka msanga ngati palibe kutentha kochokera pansi. Pachifukwa ichi, mumagwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi chithovu chozimitsa kuchokera ku hoses kapena kukumba nthaka ndi zokumbira. Pankhani ya moto waukulu wa m'nkhalango, ma helikoputala kapena ndege nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzimitsa. Izi zimauluka pamwamba pa nkhalangoyo ndi kupopera madzi ochuluka pamenepo. Nthawi zina ozimitsa moto amadulanso mitengo ndikudula tinjira ta m’nkhalangomo kuti motowo usathenso kufalikira.
Kodi moto wa m'nkhalango umachitika bwanji?
Nthawi zina moto wa m’nkhalango umakhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mphezi ikawomba mtengo. Komabe, moto wambiri wa m’nkhalango umachititsidwa ndi anthu. Nthawi zambiri moto umayamba mwangozi: Mwachitsanzo, ngati wina wawotcha moto mosasamala. Zosinthira zotentha zochokera m'magalimoto oyimitsidwa m'nkhalango zimathanso kuyatsa moto pakagwa chilala choopsa. Nthawi zina zokoka za sitima zodutsa zimatha kulumphira pamitengo. Chifukwa chofala ndi ndudu zoyatsa zomwe wina amaponya pansi m'nkhalango.
Koma zimachitikanso kuti wina wayatsa moto m’nkhalango dala. Ndiye wina amalankhula za kutentha, zomwe zimalangidwa ndi lamulo. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri m'madera ambiri osauka a nkhalango zamvula. Zigawenga zinayatsa moto pano kuti zithyole nkhalango kuti apeze malo olimapo. Komanso ndi ife, nthawi zonse pamakhala milandu yowotcha m'nkhalango.
Komabe, nthawi zina moto wa m’nkhalango umayambika popanda kuletsedwa. Mafuko ena okhala m’nkhalango yamvula nthaŵi zina amawotcha madera ang’onoang’ono a nkhalangoyo kuti azilimako kwa kanthaŵi. Kenako amasuntha n’kusiya nkhalangoyo kuti ikulenso. Anthu ogwira ntchito m’nkhalango ndi ozimitsa moto nthawi zina amayatsa moto mwadala. Zomwe zimatchedwa kubwezera moto nthawi zina zimatha kuyambitsa moto wokulirapo m'nkhalango chifukwa chakudya chimatenthedwa ndi moto wobwerera. Zimachitikanso kuti moto wa nkhalango woyendetsedwa mwadala umayatsidwa m'madera omwe ali pangozi. Zimenezi zimalepheretsa moto wokulirapo wosalamulirika wa m’nkhalango ukayambike pamenepo panthawi inayake, umene ungafalikire kumadera ena. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhalango yatsopano, yathanzi imatha kumera pamenepo.
M’madera ambiri padziko lapansi, chiŵerengero cha moto wa nkhalango chawonjezereka m’zaka zaposachedwapa. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, komwe kumayambitsa nyengo yofunda. Madera ouma kumene kulibe mvula yochepa amakhudzidwa makamaka ndi moto wa nkhalango. Malo otere ndi, mwachitsanzo, California ku USA. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala chilala choopsa, mwachitsanzo, nthawi yomwe nyengo imakhala yotentha komanso yowuma. Ku Australia nakonso mumamva za moto wa m’nkhalango mobwerezabwereza m’miyezi yotentha. Mu 2019, munyengo yachilimwe, kunkhalango ya Amazon ku South America kudayaka moto waukulu. Panthawiyo, nkhalango yokhala ndi malo opitilira 600,000 mabwalo a mpira idawotchedwa. Ndithudi panali moto wambiri woyatsidwa dala ndi zigawenga.