Mary Allen
Finches ndi banja la mbalame zoimba. Amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi kupatula Antarctica, Australia ndi New Zealand, ndi zilumba zina zazing'ono. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 200 ya mbalamezi. M'mayiko olankhula Chijeremani, ali m'gulu la mbalame zodziwika kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu 10 mpaka 15. Chaffinch ndi yofala kwambiri pano.
Nsomba ndi mbalame zapakatikati. Amayeza 9 mpaka 26 centimita kuchokera kumutu mpaka pansi pa nthenga za mchira. Amalemera pakati pa magalamu asanu ndi limodzi mpaka magalamu zana limodzi. Nsomba zimakhala ndi milomo yolimba chifukwa zimadya tirigu wambiri. Amathanso kutsegula dzenje lachitumbuwa ndi milomo yawo.
Kodi nsombazi zimakhala bwanji?
Nsomba zimakonda kukhala m'nkhalango za coniferous kapena deciduous, makamaka pamitengo ya beech. Mitundu ina imakonda mapaki ndi minda. Zamoyo zina zimakhala m’malo otchedwa savanna, m’mphepete mwa tundra, ngakhalenso m’dambo. Amakonda kudya njere, zipatso, kapena masamba amene amamera m’nyengo ya masika. Amadyetsa kwambiri ziweto zawo ndi tizilombo, akangaude, ndi mphutsi.
Kumpoto kuli mbalame zochepa chabe zomwe zimasamukasamuka. Izi zikuphatikizapo makamaka brambling, yomwe imakhala yozizira ndi ife. Nsomba zambiri nthawi zonse zimakhala pamalo amodzi. Chisacho chimamangidwa makamaka ndi zazikazi ndipo zimaikira mazira atatu kapena asanu mmenemo. Amafunika pafupifupi milungu iwiri kuti abereke. Makolo onse awiri amadyetsa ana. Ana amachoka pachisa pambuyo pa milungu iwiri kapena inayi. Nsomba zambiri zimaswana kawiri pachaka, nthawi zambiri m'madera otentha.
Nsomba zili ndi adani ambiri. Martens, agologolo, ndi amphaka apakhomo amakonda kudya mazira kapena mbalame zazing'ono. Komanso mbalame zodya nyama monga mpheta kapena mpheta nthawi zambiri zimagunda. Ndi ife, nsombazi sizili pangozi. Pali zamoyo zomwe zatha, koma aliyense wa iwo amangokhala pachilumba chimodzi chaching'ono. Pamene matenda enaake anawonekera kumeneko, nthawi zina zamoyo zonse zamoyo zinkafafanizidwa.
Ndi mitundu iti ya mbalame zofunika kwambiri m'dziko lathu?
Pamwamba pake pali chaffinch. Ku Switzerland, ndi mbalame yodziwika kwambiri kuposa mbalame zonse. Amayang'ana chakudya chake makamaka pansi. Pamalo odyetserako ziweto, nayenso, amatolera kwambiri zimene mbalame zina zagwetsa pansi. Yaikazi imamanga chisacho pachokha, ndikuchiikamo mosamala kwambiri, ndiyeno imaikira mazira anayi kapena asanu ndi limodzi mmenemo.
Yaikazi yokhayo imafungatira, kwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Yamphongo imathandizanso ndi chakudya. Azimayi ambiri amasamukira kum’mwera m’nyengo yozizira. Ndicho chifukwa chake pali amuna ambiri kuno m'nyengo yozizira.
Brambling imaswana kumpoto kwa Ulaya ndi Siberia ndipo imakhala nafe m'nyengo yozizira. Amangokhala pafupi ndi njuchi chifukwa amadya mtedzawu. Mtedza umatchedwa beechnuts, mwachitsanzo, mbewu za mitengo ya beech. Brambling imafika magulu akuluakulu kotero kuti thambo limakhala lakuda.
Timawonanso greenfinch nthawi zambiri. Amakonda kudya tirigu m’minda. Chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri anthu amadyetsa mbalame, mbalame za greenfinch zimakhalanso m’matauni ndi m’midzi. Ili ndi mlomo wamphamvu kwambiri ndipo imatha kudya zinthu zambiri zomwe mbalame zina sizingasweka. Greenfinches amamanga zisa zawo m'mipanda ndi tchire. Yaikazi imaikira mazira asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi ndipo imawaikira yokha kwa milungu iwiri. Yaimuna imathandizanso kudyetsa anawo.