Zidole

Ma dolphin akhala akukopa anthu nthawi zonse: kalelo, zinyama zanzeru zam'madzi zinkaonedwa kuti ndi zopatulika.

makhalidwe

Kodi ma dolphin amawoneka bwanji?

Ma dolphin si nsomba koma nyama zoyamwitsa. Iwo ali a dongosolo la anamgumi, kumeneko ku suborder ya mano namgumi, ndi banja la dolphin. Makolo awo anali nyama zoyamwitsa zapadziko lapansi zomwe zinasinthiratu ku moyo wa m’madzi zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo.

Ma dolphin ali ndi matupi owongolera, kuwapangitsa kukhala osambira bwino. Kutengera mitundu, kutalika kwake ndi 1.5 mpaka XNUMX metres. Ma dolphin akuluakulu, anamgumi akupha, amafika kutalika kwa mita eyiti mpaka naini. Ma dolphin ali ndi zipsepse zitatu zakumbuyo zakumbuyo, zipsepse, zipsepse ziwiri zakutsogolo, zipsepse, komanso zipsepse zooneka ngati caudal, zomwe zimatchedwa fluke. Nsagwada za dolphin zimapangika kukhala mphuno yooneka ngati milomo, yayitali.

Pamutu pawo pali zotupa zokhala ngati hump: vwende. Ichi ndi chiwalo chapadera chomwe chimalola ma dolphin kudziwongolera okha mothandizidwa ndi mawu a echo. Bowo lomwe nyamazo zimapumiramo lili pamwamba pamutu.

Kutengera mitundu, ma dolphin amapangidwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya imvi. Mbali yakumtunda nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuda kuposa ya ventral. Ma dolphin ali ndi ubongo wokulirapo, ndichifukwa chake amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zanzeru kwambiri. Kumva kwawo komanso kununkhiza kwawo kumapangidwa bwino kwambiri.

Ma dolphin a bottlenose ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma dolphin. Kutalika kwake ndi mamita awiri kapena anayi ndipo amalemera makilogalamu 150 mpaka 200. Zili zotuwa kumbuyo, zopepuka pang'ono m'mphepete, ndipo zimakhala zoyera m'mimba. Maonekedwe ake ankhope ooneka ngati “akumwetulira” ndi ofanana. Ma dolphin a m'mitsinje amapanga banja lapamwamba kwambiri. Amasiyana kwambiri ndi ma dolphin enieni mumikhalidwe ina. Mwachitsanzo, amangoona movutikira kwambiri.

Koma amatha kudziwongolera bwino ndi dongosolo lawo la echolocation. Kuphatikiza apo, mphuno ya ma dolphin onse am'mitsinje ndi yayitali kuposa ya ma dolphin am'madzi. Mtsinje waukulu kwambiri wa dolphin ndi mtsinje wa Amazon dolphin: amakula mpaka mamita atatu ndipo amalemera makilogalamu 3.

Kodi ma dolphin amakhala kuti?

Ma dolphin amapezeka pafupifupi nyanja iliyonse padziko lapansi. Komabe, mitundu yamtunduwu imakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana ogawa. Ena amakhala m'madera akuluakulu a m'nyanja, ena, monga dusky dolphin, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya South America ndi South Africa. Ma dolphin a bottlenose amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi m'nyanja zotentha komanso zotentha, komanso m'nyanja zamkati monga Mediterranean ndi Black Sea.

Ma dolphin a m'mitsinje ndi apadera: amangokhala m'mitsinje. Ma dolphin amakhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'nyanja zazitali. Koma ma dolphin, amakhala m'mitsinje yamatope, yamatope m'madera otentha.

Kodi pali ma dolphin amtundu wanji?

Mitundu 26 yonse ndi ya banja la dolphin. Kuphatikiza pa ma dolphin a bottlenose, mitundu ina imadziwika bwino kwambiri: dolphin wamba, dolphin yoyera kumbali, slender dolphin, spinner dolphin, ndi dolphin yamawanga. Pali mitundu isanu ya ma dolphin a mitsinje. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mitsinje yomwe amakhalamo:

Mtsinje wa Amazon dolphin umachokera ku mitsinje ya Amazon ndi Orinoco. A dolphin a ku La Plata amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Brazil ndi Argentina. Ma dolphin a Ganges amachokera ku India ndi Bangladesh ku Ganges, Brahmaputra, ndi Karnaphali mitsinje, dolphin yamtsinje wa Indus mpaka ku Indus, ndi dolphin yamtsinje wa China kumunsi kwa mtsinje wa Yangtze.

Kodi ma dolphin amakhala ndi zaka zingati?

Kutalika kwa moyo wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma dolphin kumasiyanasiyana. Sidziwika ndi zamoyo zambiri. Zimadziwika kuti ma dolphin a bottlenose amatha kukalamba: nyama zimafika zaka pafupifupi 37.

Khalani

Kodi ma dolphin amakhala bwanji?

Ma dolphin ndi nyama zomwe zimayanjana kwambiri. Amakhala pamodzi m’magulu otchedwa masukulu. Izi zitha kukhala nyama 100 ndi zina zambiri. Komabe, nyama zomwezo sizikhala pamodzi nthawi zonse. Zimachitika kuti amasinthanso pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana. Komabe, ma dolphin ambiri ali paubwenzi wolimba ndi ma dolphin anzawo. Izi zikuwonekeranso m’chenicheni chakuti iwo amayesetsa kuthandiza odwala ndi ovulala amtundu wawo.

Mtsinje wa dolphin umayenda pa liwiro la makilomita sikisi pa ola. Ma dolphin akamaseŵera kapena kuthamangitsidwa, amasambira mtunda wa makilomita 25 pa ola limodzi. Nthawi zambiri, amakhala 80 mpaka 90 makilomita pa ola. Nthawi zambiri amadumpha m'madzi kapena kutsatira zombo kuti zikwere mafunde awo.

Ma dolphin nawonso ndi aluso kwambiri pakuyenda pansi pamadzi: akasaka, amamira mpaka kuzama mita 300 ndipo amatha kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa mphindi 15. Mitundu ina imatha kudumphira mozama mpaka mamita 600. Komabe, popeza ndi nyama zoyamwitsa, zimafunika kubwera pamwamba pamadzi nthawi zonse kuti zipume.

Ma dolphin ali ndi echolocation system yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kutulutsa mawu a ultrasonic. Kudina uku kumamvekanso ndi zopinga zomwe zili m'madzi, monga nsomba zolusa, ndikutoledwanso ndi ma dolphin. Kuchokera pamtundu wa echo, nyama zimatha kudziwa ngati pali zowononga kapena zopinga m'madzi.

Ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika ponena za moyo wa ma dolphin a mumtsinje. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuziwona m'madzi akuda a malo awo. Komabe, chimene chimadziwika n’chakuti nthawi zambiri sadumphira m’madzi. Komanso, nthawi zambiri amasambira atagona cham’mbali m’madzi. Amasanthula pansi pa mtsinje ndi zipsepse zawo. Ma dolphin a mumtsinje wa Amazon nawonso amakonda kusambira pamsana.

Anzanu ndi adani a dolphin

Ma dolphin amatha kugwidwa ndi chinsomba chakupha, mmodzi wa achibale awo. Koma nyama zamtundu womwewo zimatha kukhalanso zoopsa: ngati ma dolphin akumana ndi alendo omwe si a gulu lawo komanso omwe samawadziwa, amawathamangitsa kapena kuwaukira.

Kodi ma dolphin amaberekana bwanji?

Ma dolphin amangobereka mwana mmodzi panthawi imodzi. Nthawi ya bere imasiyana kwambiri kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo. Mwachitsanzo, ma dolphin a bottlenose amakwatirana kuyambira masika mpaka autumn. Pakati pa nthawi ya bere ya miyezi 12, mwana amabadwa amene ali kale 100 mpaka 130 centimita wamtali.

Ana amayamwitsidwa ndi amayi kwa miyezi 18. Ngakhale kuti nyamazo zimakula msinkhu pa zaka zisanu mpaka khumi ndi ziwiri, zimangoberekana pazaka zisanu ndi zinayi mpaka 13. Ma dolphin aakazi amangobereka ana aang'ono zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse.