Mary Allen
Umboni wabwino wa dziwe lathanzi ndi nsomba zofunika. Tsoka ilo, zotsalirazo ndizowonanso: mwamsanga pamene chinachake sichili bwino mu dziwe, chiopsezo cha matenda mu dziwe la nsomba chimawonjezeka mofulumira. Mu positi iyi, tikufuna kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zizindikiro za matenda, kufotokoza zina ndikupereka upangiri wa kupewa ndi kuchiza.
Zimayambitsa
Tiyeni tiyambire pachiyambi: Ndi zifukwa za matenda nsomba. Kuweta kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda ambiri a nsomba zam'madzi. Zitsanzo za izi ndi kusadya bwino, kusayenda bwino kwa madzi, dziwe lomwe ndi laling'ono kwambiri, komanso kachulukidwe kazinthu kamene kamakhala kochulukira. Zotsatira zake kupsinjika maganizo kumabweretsa kufooka kwa chitetezo ntchito za nsomba. Izi zimawonjezera chiwopsezo cha ma parasites, mabakiteriya, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa china chofala n’chakuti matenda amabweretsedwa ndi obwera kumene. Choncho ndi bwino kusunga nsomba zomwe mwangopeza kumene m'thanki yosungiramo anthu, kuziyang'anira ngati zili ndi vuto linalake kenako n'kuziika m'dziwe pamene zilibe zizindikiro. Eni madziwe atcheru amatha kuwona matenda ambiri msanga ngati amawona nsomba zawo pafupipafupi. Mudzaona kukhala kosavuta kuwona zolakwika.
Zizindikiro
Nthawi zambiri sizovuta kuzindikira matenda msanga - muyenera kudziwa zoyenera kuyang'ana. Choyamba, pali kusintha kwa khalidwe: mwachitsanzo, kusowa kwa kuthawa kwa reflex, kusowa kwa njala, kuyimirira kwa nthawi yaitali pamtunda, kapena kugona pansi. Matenda a kusambira monga kugwedezeka ndi kuyimirira mozondoka amathanso kudziwika mosavuta. Kupaka pansi kapena m'mphepete mwa dziwe ndi kusambira kutsogolo ndikothekera kuchotsedwa - koma makhalidwe amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala zizindikiro za matenda. Momwemonso, nsomba zovutitsidwa ndi kuyabwa nthawi zina zimadumphira m'madzi. Kusintha kwa kupuma kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuwunika: kuthamanga kwambiri kwa gill kumakhala kovuta kuzindikira mu dziwe labwinobwino, koma kupuma mwadzidzidzi pamadzi kumakhala kosavuta. Kuonjezera apo, matenda angapangitse kusintha kwa thupi, komwe kungachitike m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Izi zitha kukhala kusintha kwa mtundu, ma depositi pamwamba pa khungu, kuwonda, kapena kusintha kwa thupi. Mndandanda wathu pano sukunena kuti ndi wokwanira. Chifukwa ndithudi - malingana ndi matendawa - zizindikiro zina zimathanso kuonekera.
Zofunika: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kuchulukana ndikufalikira mwachangu m'madzi. Choncho ngati muwona zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda, chitanipo kanthu mwamsanga!
chithandizo
Malingana ndi matendawa, mukhoza kuchitiranso nsomba zanu paokha. Mwachitsanzo ndi malo osambira amchere kapena mankhwala ogulitsira m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto. Kusintha kwakukulu pang'ono kwa madzi nthawi zambiri kumathandiza. Kuzindikira komwe kuli koyenera ndikofunikira pochiza matenda! Chifukwa ngakhale pali mankhwala omwe ali othandiza polimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana: Palibe mankhwala amodzi omwe amatsutsana ndi chirichonse. Ndipo mankhwala osafunikira amangowonjezera zovuta pazamoyo za nsomba zanu ndipo zingayambitse kukana kosafunika. Choncho, tikukulangizani kuti mufunsane ndi veterinarian yemwe amagwira ntchito pa nsomba ngati mukudwala. Atha kuthandiza nsomba zanu ndi chithandizo chomwe mukufuna ndikukupatsani upangiri wa akatswiri.
Matenda a nsomba wamba m'dziwe
Nazi zitsanzo zazikulu za matenda a nsomba ndi machiritso ake. Ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi matenda, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mupeze malangizo kwa veterinarian yemwe amagwira ntchito pa nsomba musanalandire chithandizo. Mwanjira imeneyi, munthu angathe kudziwa bwinobwino matendawo n’kuyamba kulandira chithandizo choyenera. Kuchiza kosafunikira ndi kolakwika kuyenera kupewedwa mwanjira iliyonse kuti mupindule ndi nsomba zanu.
Zomera
Matenda a mawanga oyera (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis)
Tizilombo ta unicellular timene timayambitsa mawanga oyera pa mucous nembanemba ya makamu ake. Nthawi zina maso a nsomba amakhudzidwanso. Kuwonongeka kwa gill chifukwa cha matenda a malo oyera kumabweretsa kupuma movutikira.
Dzina lachilatini lovuta la selo imodzi nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachidule ("Ichthyo"). Ichthyo ikuchulukirachulukira pamlingo wophulika. Mbalame zoyera za pocky zimagwa kuchokera ku nsomba nthawi ndi nthawi mpaka pansi. Pambuyo pa maola pafupifupi 24 (malingana ndi kutentha kwa madzi), mpaka 1000 osambira kwaulere amatuluka kumeneko, zomwe zimalowanso nsombazo. Zotsatirazi zikugwira ntchito pa chithandizo: mwamsanga, ndi bwino. Therapy ndi malachite wobiriwira Mwachitsanzo, n'zotheka koma ayenera kuchitidwa kwa osachepera (!) 5 masiku. Nthawi zina chithandizo chotalikirapo chimakhala chofunikira.
Costia (Ichthyobodo necator)
Izi mitambo khungu ndi tingachipeze powerenga tiziromboti tofooka. Mu nsomba zazikulu zomwe zili ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso chogwira ntchito, zamoyo za unicellular zimakhala ndi mwayi wochepa wowononga. Komabe, ngati anthu okhala m'dziwe akadali aang'ono kwambiri kapena atafooka kale ndi matenda ena, ma flagellateswa amakhala ndi nthawi yosavuta. Kutsika kwa kutentha kwa madzi kufika pansi pa 15 ° C kumalimbikitsanso kufalikira. Kenako majeremusi amakwiyitsa mucous nembanemba. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amtundu wa bluish shimmering. Powononga mucous nembanemba, amatsegula njira zowonjezera matenda, mwachitsanzo ndi bowa. Choncho, matenda aakulu nthawi zambiri amabweretsa imfa. Nthawi zina madzi osambira amchere amakhala okwanira kuchiza. Amathandizira kagayidwe kake ka nsomba ndipo motero amakhazikitsanso chitetezo chamthupi. Mulimonsemo, kafukufuku wokhudza zomwe zimayambitsa ziyenera kuchitidwa musanayambe chithandizo chamankhwala. Chifukwa pankhani ya Costa Rica sikofunikira kokha kuchiza, komanso kupeza ndi kuthetsa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi. Kupanda kutero, simudzatha kumaliza tizilomboti ndikungoyambitsa kukana. Ngati palibe chomwe sichikumveka bwino, ndi bwino kukaonana ndi veterinarian wodalirika wa nsomba.
Flukes (Gyrodactylus spp., Dactylogyrus spp.)
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti titha kukwiyitsa kwambiri anthu okhala m'madziwe anu. Monga lamulo, sangathe kuwonedwa ndi maso. Amatha kuzindikirika modalirika ndi maikulosikopu.
Kusiyanitsa kumapangidwa pakati pa nyongolotsi zapakhungu (Gyrodactylus spp.) Ndi nyongolotsi za gill eye (Dactylogyrus spp.).
Nyongolotsi yoyamwa pakhungu imapezeka makamaka pakhungu lakunja. Imawononga mucous nembanemba ndipo imayambitsa mavuto ena: Kutupa kwa matumba a scaly, algae, ndi fungal infestation ndi zotsatira zotheka. Zinyama zomwe zakhudzidwa nthawi zina zimatsuka kapena kudumpha, ndipo khungu lawo limawoneka lamtambo. Gyrodactylus amabala nyama zazing'ono ndipo, mosiyana ndi Dactylogyrus, siziyikira mazira.
Mphutsi zoyikira mazira zimakhala makamaka - koma osati zokhazokha - zimapezeka m'matumbo. Nsomba zomwe zakhudzidwa zimakhala ndi vuto la kupuma chifukwa matumbo amakwiya komanso kutupa chifukwa cha matendawo.
Pali kukonzekera bwino motsutsana ndi flukes. Ngati matendawa ali ochepa, madzi osambira amchere osavuta amatha kuthandiza. Matendawa akapangidwa motsimikiza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochokera m'masitolo apadera a ziweto (onetsetsani kuti mwawerenga phukusili!) Kapena gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala omwe aperekedwa ndi veterinarian. Kuchiza kosafunikira ndi mankhwala antiparasite kuyenera kupewedwa mulimonse. Apo ayi, kukana kudzalimbikitsidwa!
Carp louse (Argulus sp.)
Mosiyana ndi zomwe dzinali likunena, nsabwe za carp ndi crustaceans. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timafika mpaka 13 mm kukula kwake, timathanso kuwona mosavuta ndi maso. Nthawi zambiri amayambitsidwa ndi mbalame zam'madzi. Amakhala mwamphamvu kuyamwa pakhungu ndi pa matumba a m'chiuno. Zotsatira za infestation ndi reddening wa khungu, chifukwa cha magazi kapena kutupa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuyabwa kwakukulu. Choncho, nsomba zomwe zakhudzidwa, zimadzipukuta, mwachitsanzo, kapena kuwombera mwadzidzidzi kudutsa padziwe. Payekha carp nsabwe akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa. Ngati infestation ndi yoopsa, iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala. Pali mankhwala omwe amapezeka m'masitolo kapena mankhwala kuchokera kwa veterinarian wodziwa bwino za nsomba.
bowa
Nsomba nkhungu (Saprolegnia parasitica)
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti timangopezeka paliponse. Monga lamulo, sizingawononge nsomba zathanzi zomwe zili ndi chitetezo chamthupi chogwira ntchito. Zinthu zimafika poipa pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chafooka, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa m'nyengo yozizira. Zilonda mu mucous nembanemba wa nsomba (mwachitsanzo chifukwa kuyabwa ndi chifukwa chafing) amalolanso matenda Saprolegnia. Makamaka mabala omwe akhalapo nthawi yayitali komanso omwe ali ndi kachilombo kale nawonso nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi bowa. Izi zimawonekera muzophimba zokhala ngati thonje. Poyamba amakhala oyera, koma amathanso kukhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ntchentche za nsomba, makamaka pa chiopsezo. Apa, nkhungu ya nsomba nthawi zonse imabweretsa zotayika zazikulu.
Mutha kuthana ndi vuto la nkhungu la nsomba pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi malachite wobiriwira. Malo osambira amchere anthawi yochepa omwe amakhala ndi mchere wambiri nthawi zambiri amabweretsa mpumulo.
Matenda a bakiteriya
Maonekedwe ndi njira za matenda a bakiteriya mu dziwe ndizosiyana kwambiri. Pali pafupifupi palibe mabakiteriya, kukhalapo kwa zomwe zimabweretsa matenda mu nsomba. Nthawi zambiri matenda a bakiteriya amayamba ndi mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'dziwe momwemo ndipo nthawi zambiri samawononga chilichonse. Ngati dongosolo lokhazikika "likuyenda", mabakiteriyawa amatsogolera ku matenda akachulukana pamlingo waukulu. Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha izi nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa malinga ndi zizindikiro zawo.
"Matenda a Hole"
Matenda a "hole-in-the-hole", omwe amadziwikanso kuti erythrodermatitis, nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya. Koma tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso - monga nthawi zambiri - malo osayenera achilengedwe amathandizanso. Zinyama zomwe zakhudzidwa zimawonetsa mabowo akuluakulu, ngati zilonda pakhungu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala pa thunthu kapena kupitirira pang'ono kumbuyo kwa chipsepse cha caudal. Nthawi zina mutha kuyang'ana pansi ku minofu ya nsomba zodwala. Malinga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa komanso chilengedwe, matendawa amakula mofulumira kwambiri. Imfa zadzidzidzi ndi kutayika kwakukulu ndizotheka. Ndikoyenera kukaonana ndi veterinarian yemwe amagwira ntchito pa nsomba mwachangu. Mothandizidwa ndi smear, amatha kudziwa kachilomboka, kuyesa kukana ndikuyambitsa chithandizo choyenera.
"Fin rot"
Zipsepse zosweka, mitambo ngati yamkaka kapena zofiyira m'mphepete mwa zipsepse: Izi ndi zomwe "fin rot" imawonekera. Kupezeka kofala kwa matendawa kukuwonetsa kuti nyumba sizikhala bwino. Nthawi zina nsomba imodzi imakhudzidwa ndi dera lokha; kuvulala nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa. Chowona Zanyama kufufuza ndi mankhwala komanso mwamtheradi m'pofunika kuti matenda. Chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathenso kuchitapo kanthu. Choncho, musanasankhe njira inayake yochiritsira, mwatsatanetsatane matenda ayenera kuchitidwa. Chifukwa popanda kuthetsa chifukwa chenichenicho komanso popanda kukonza malo okhala, kulimbana ndi matendawa sikutheka.
Matenda oyambitsa matenda
Koi herpes virus (KHV)
Matendawa afotokozedwa kwa zaka pafupifupi 20: matenda ndi kachilombo ka Koi herpes. Ichi ndi matenda odziwika bwino a nyama. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matendawa ndikuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ndulu. Komabe, kachilomboka kamakhudzanso ziwalo zina, monga khungu, matumbo ndi impso. Nsombazo zimatha kutenga matenda mosadziwika bwino. Monga lamulo, kupsinjika kokha kokhudzana ndi kutentha pakati pa 16-28 ° C kumayambitsa matendawa. Pali mphwayi ndi kusowa chilakolako. Khungu likhoza kuchitika. Nthawi zambiri nyamazi zimagwidwanso ndi matenda ena. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi kupuma movutikira nthawi zina komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa gill. Nsombazo zimaima pamwamba pa madzi kapena potulukira mpweya ndipo zimapuma mpweya. Imfa zambiri zimatha kuchitika. A causal mankhwala sizingatheke. Chomwe chimatsalira kwa nsomba zodwala ndikukulitsa momwe zimasungidwira ndikuzisunga patokha. Kuti azindikire kachilombo ka Koi herpes virus kochokera ku PCR, veterinarian amatenga kachidutswa kakang'ono kuchokera m'matumbo.
Nsomba zina (kupatula carp) zomwe zili m'dziwe sizidwala koma zimatha kupatsira kachilomboka.
Carp pox (CHV-1)
Ngati kutentha kwa dziwe kutsika, mumatha kuwawona nthawi zina: carp pox kapena koi pox. Amawoneka ngati zoyera, zowoneka bwino, zotupa pakhungu kapena zipsepse. Zomera zazing'ono za nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka zimakula nthawi zonse pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimafowoka, makamaka pamene chilengedwe sichili bwino komanso madzi ozizira kwambiri (<12 ° C). "Machiritso" m'lingaliro lenileni la mawuwa sizingatheke, chifukwa nsomba zomwe zakhudzidwa zimanyamula kachilomboka nthawi zonse. Koma n’zotheka kuti nthomba idzatha. Izi zitha kutheka pokonza bwino nyumba.
Monga lamulo, koi pox si chifukwa chodetsa nkhawa, ndi zilema chabe. Pokhapokha muzochitika zachilendo komanso zosowa kwambiri zomwe zimavulaza kwambiri.
Matenda ena
Kusambira matenda a chikhodzodzo
Kutupa kwa chikhodzodzo chosambira kumadziwika makamaka ndi mfundo yakuti nsomba zomwe zakhudzidwa sizingathenso kutulutsa mphamvu mwadongosolo. Zikafika poipa, nyamayo imakhala pansi padziwe nthawi zonse. Ikhoza kungoyenda mmwamba ndi pansi movutikira ndi mphamvu ya zipsepse. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumeneku kumawononga ndipo posakhalitsa kumapanga ma callus calluses. Nthawi zambiri, ndi nyama yokhayokha yomwe imakhudzidwa.
Ma parasites, mabakiteriya, kapena zovuta za metabolic nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa. Njira yoyenera yochiritsira imachokera ku chifukwa chake ndipo iyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi veterinarian woyenerera. Mosasamala kanthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a chikhodzodzo, kuwonjezera kutentha kwa madzi mpaka 25-27 ° C ndikuwonjezera mchere wopanda ayodini wothandizira impso nthawi zambiri kumathandiza. Tsoka ilo, nyama zikadwala zimakhalanso ndi vuto la kusambira m'chikhodzodzo.
Matenda Osowa Mphamvu (EMS)
The Energy Deficiency Syndrome ndi matenda odziwika bwino a masika. Zimachitika pamene pali kuchepa pakati pa mphamvu yofunikira ndi mphamvu yomwe ilipo. Zifukwa zotheka za kusowa mphamvu kumeneku kungakhale kudya kosakwanira m'miyezi yachilimwe kapena kudyetsa msanga m'nyengo yozizira. Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'madzi kumathandiziranso chitukuko cha EMS. Zinyama zowonda, zowonda ndizomwe zili pachiwopsezo. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, mphamvu ya kuchepa kwa mphamvu imapezekanso nthawi zambiri poyerekeza ndi nyama zonenepa - chifukwa sizingathe kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta awo osungira pawokha kutentha kochepa.
Nsomba zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi EMS zimasonyeza khalidwe losambira losagwirizana limachepetsa kwambiri zochitika komanso kupuma mozama. Impso zanu zimagwira ntchito movutikira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi aunjike m'bowolo. Zinyama zomwe zakhudzidwa nthawi zina zimawoneka zokhuthala komanso zotupa. Mamba amatha kutuluka ngati chulu cha paini, maso amatuluka. Zinyama zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi EMS zimatha kuthandizidwa potenthetsa madzi pang'onopang'ono osapitirira 2 ° C patsiku ndikuwonjezera mchere wocheperako m'madzi. Chakudya chogayidwa kwambiri chikhoza kuyambika pamene nsomba ziwonetsanso makhalidwe abwino. EMS ndi yadzidzidzi! Imfa si zachilendo.
Pewani matenda a nsomba
Kupewa ndikwabwino kuposa kuchiza! Chifukwa, monga tanenera kale, matendawa amatha kufalikira mofulumira m'dziwe ndipo nthawi zina amapha. Perekani nsomba zanu malo abwino okhalamo kuti mupewe izi. Onetsetsani kuti madzi ali abwino komanso osefedwa mokwanira. Kukula kwa dziwe kuyenera kufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zimasungidwa ndi zofuna za mitundu yomwe mumasunga. Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Sungani chakudyacho pamalo ozizira, owuma, ndi otetezedwa ndi mpweya. Choncho imatetezedwa kuti isawonongeke msanga. Ngati ndi kotheka, zingakhale zomveka kuwonjezera chakudyacho ndi mavitamini.
Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mwapeza dokotala wodziwa bwino za ziweto. Zoyipa zikafika poyipa kwambiri, muyenera kukhala ndi zidziwitso zake ndipo osafunikira kuyang'ana veterinarian woyenera kaye.
Timalangiza motsutsana ndi kuteteza nsomba zanu ndi mankhwala. Kuchiza kosafunikira kumabweretsa zovuta pazamoyo za nsomba zomwe zimamva bwino kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa kukana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndikofunika kupewa izi!
Komano, mayeso odziletsa amamveka bwino. Madokotala ambiri odziwa zanyama za nsomba amapereka mayeso a masika ndi autumn. M'magawo ovuta a kusintha, mumakhala ndi chithunzithunzi chabwino cha momwe thanzi lanu lilili ndipo motero chitetezo chapamwamba.
Kumbali ina, mutha ndipo muyenera kudziyang'anira nokha mayendedwe amadzi. Ngati pali kusintha kwa zoyipa, mutha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kwa dziwe pogwiritsa ntchito mapampu a mpweya kapena polowera mpweya kumabweretsa mpweya m'madzi. Izi zimathandiza nsomba kuti zipulumuke mwadzidzidzi zochitika zodetsa nkhawa bwino.
Pewani kusintha kwakukulu pa kutentha kochepa kapena kochepa - malinga ngati sikofunikira kwenikweni. Izi zikutanthawuzanso kuti palibe atsopano omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Yang'anirani nsomba zanu nthawi zonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, mumaphunzira zambiri zamakhalidwe awo achilengedwe ndikuzindikira zizindikiro za matenda mosavuta.