Kambiranani Nsomba Mu Aquarium: Malangizo Pa Kuwasunga

Nsomba zowonda, koma zowoneka bwino kwambiri, zimabwera ndipo zikugonjetsa madzi ochulukirapo komanso mitima ya eni ake mdziko muno. Nsombazi ndizochititsa chidwi kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake opapatiza, koma makamaka chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi komanso kuwala. Iwo ndi okopa maso enieni mu dziwe lililonse, koma osati zosavuta kuwasamalira. Nsomba zambiri za discus ndi za m'badwo woyamba ndipo zimagwidwa mocheperapo. Pofuna kupeza malo - kapena m'malo mwake - fin - mu aquaristics, chikhumbo chosunga nsombazi chathandizira kwambiri pa chitukuko cha zosefera za aquarium, machitidwe opangira madzi ndi kupanga chakudya cha nsomba. Pakalipano, ana opambana adaleredwa bwino m'malo ambiri, ena ali ndi mayina oyenerera monga Marlboro Red, Tangerine Dream kapena Pigeon Blood. Chifukwa cha odziwa bwino aquarists, pali mfundo zosangalatsa zosunga nsomba za discus zomwe okonda nsomba ambiri sanamvepo. Kuyang'ana pa moyo ndi ntchito ya nsomba za discus nthawi zonse zimakhala zopindulitsa.

Discus nsomba mu chithunzi

Zochitika zachilengedwe za nsomba za discus zitha kuperekedwa momveka bwino ku Amazon. Nsombazi zimawonedwa kuchokera ku Peru kupita ku mtsinje wa Amazon ku Brazil, kumene mtsinjewu umakumana ndi nyanja ya Atlantic. Komanso ankasaka, mwa njira. Ndiwo magwero ofunikira a mapuloteni kwa anthu amtundu wa Amazonia, koma koposa zonse ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopezera ndalama kwa anthu okhalamo, chifukwa amatha kugulitsidwa ngati zinthu zakunja zakunja kwa aquaristics.

Chifukwa cha chigawo cha Amazon chomwe chili chochuluka kwambiri, nsomba za discus zimawonekera m'mitundu ina ndi mitundu ina m'malo ambiri. Nyengo youma ndi mvula yobwera chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha imayambitsa maiwe achilengedwe ngati zilumba momwe anthu amakulirakulira osatengera mawonekedwe ena. Choncho nsombazo zinali ndipo zimafotokozedwa ndikuziika mosiyana.

MBIRI – Kambiranani nsomba

Nsomba za discus ndi subspecies zake nthawi zonse zimatsutsana kwambiri. Zowona zina zimakayikitsa, zina sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi chidziwitso chokwanira cha sayansi. Mwachitsanzo, kukwera kwa ma fin ray, ma vertebrae ndi manambala a sikelo sikungadziwike bwino. Komabe, zizindikiro zina zimagwiranso ntchito kwa mitundu yonse yodziwika. Ponseponse, nsomba za discus zitha kufotokozedwa motere:

mwadongosolo

• Dzina la sayansi: Symphysodon
• Banja: Cichlids (Cichlinae)
• Mtundu: nsomba zam'madzi
• Chiyambi: Mitsinje ya Amazon ku South America yotentha

Zikuwoneka

• thupi lopapatiza kwambiri, lamsana wammbuyo
• zazifupi, zozungulira kumbuyo ndi kumatako
• zipsepse zowonekera pachifuwa
• zipsepse zoloza m'mimba
• lalitali pamphumi mbiri ndi mphuno lalifupi kwambiri, pakamwa yaing'ono ndi nkhono-wodziwika milomo
• Mikwingwirima yowoneka yowala kwambiri pamaso, mikwingwirima ina yopingasa imafalikira pathupi
• Kuchepa kwa dentition ya pharyngeal fupa, mano olunjika pa symphysis
• Kukula kwa thupi: 12-16 cm kuthengo, mpaka 20 cm m'madzi

Ecology

• kutentha kwa madzi otentha (29 - 34 ° C)
• pH ya acidic (4 - 6.5)
• madzi ozizira khalidwe
• madzi oyera kwambiri, opanda mchere osungunuka komanso zigawo za organic
• Mabanki otsetsereka ndi zigwa zosefukira ndi madzi akuya osachepera 1.5 m

zakudya

• zooplankton
• mphutsi za tizilombo
• bristleworms
• nsomba zazing'ono zam'madzi
• zovunda zomera zinyalala

Njira ya moyo

• Nsomba za Discus zimakhala m'magulu ochezera (masukulu) ndi kupanga awiriawiri
• Kukhwima pakugonana: kuyambira miyezi 7 - 12
• Kufunitsitsa kugonana: Kwa mkazi, dzira limatuluka panthawi ya chibwenzi
• Kukwerana kumachitika ndi chakudya chokwanira ndi nsomba zam'madzi
• Kuswana: mazira pafupifupi 300, pomwe mphutsi zimaswa pakatha masiku 2.5 ndi kupanga masango pamalo oberekera mpaka zitatha kusambira momasuka pakadutsa masiku anayi.
• Makolo onse awiri amasamalira ana; Chapadera: chakudya cha mphutsi, mwa zina, pamaselo apamwamba a khungu la makolo (mpaka masabata 4)
• Avereji ya moyo: pafupifupi zaka 5

Odziwika kwambiri subspecies

Malingaliro amasiyana kwambiri pa timagulu tating'onoting'ono. Nthawi zambiri 3 mpaka 5 ma discus subspecies amafotokozedwa mwasayansi. Pamenepo:

• Symphsysodon discus (komanso discus yeniyeni) yokhala ndi mizere yozungulira komanso gulu lalikulu, lakuda loyang'ana kumbuyo kwa thupi ndi diso.
• Symphsysodon aequifasciatus yokhala ndi masikelo apamwamba kwambiri ndi mikwingwirima 7 mpaka 9 yotalikirana yotalikirana, yomalizayo pamunsi pa chipsepse cha caudal.
• Symphsysodon tarzoo greenish-bluish mumtundu wokhala ndi mawanga ofiira m'mbali mwa thupi ndi pamatako
• Symphsysodon haraldi and Symphsysodon sp. 2 imakopa chidwi chochepa ndipo imangofotokozedwa molakwika.

Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yakuthengoyi, palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoswana ya aquarists. Pano, monga lamulo, mitundu yokha ndi mawonekedwe amtundu amasiyanitsidwa. Komabe, mayinawo ndi osiyana kwambiri, ndipo amakumbukira kwambiri njira zamalonda kuposa sayansi yeniyeni.

Njoka za Pidgeon, German Wonders, Blue Diamonds ndi White Leopards ali m'kalasi yawoyawo. Ngakhale onse ndi nsomba za discus, mtengo wamsika ukuwoneka kuti ukugwirizana mwachindunji ndi mtundu ndi mawonekedwe.

Kutengera ndi zomwe ogula ali nazo, mafomu omwe amalimidwa amakhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu. Ndipo kotero nsomba za discus ndizofala kuposa zodabwitsa za pansi pa madzi.

Discus nsomba mu aquarium

Kutali kwambiri ndi Amazon, pali zofunidwa zazikulu za aquaristics kuti nsomba za discus zikhale zoyenerera zamoyo momwe zingathere. Zilibe kanthu kaya akuwoneka ngati labyrinth yofiira kapena ma exotics a turquoise: thanzi lawo ndi lofooka kwambiri ndipo zimadalira zinthu zambiri. Izi zimatengera chilengedwe ndipo ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa ndikuwongolera. Ndi njira iyi yokha yomwe nyanja yam'madzi yokhala ndi nsomba za discus imatha kukhala bwino ndikukopa owonera.

Aquarium yoyenera ya nsomba za discus

Popeza nyamazo zimakhala m'magulu, zomwe zimatchedwa masukulu, ziyeneranso kusungidwa mu aquarium ndi zitsanzo zosachepera 4 mpaka 5. Momwemo, malo ozungulira malita 300 (pafupifupi. 50 - 60 malita pa nsomba iliyonse) amafunika. Zotsatira zake, kukula kwa thanki, kabati yoyambira ya aquarium ndi zida zake sizosawerengeka. Osatchula kulemera kwake - choncho nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuyang'ana statics musanayike chinganga cha discus m'nyumba!

Tsopano akazi amangowulula kugonana kwawo panthawi yachibwenzi ndipo motero sangasiyanitsidwe ndi amuna panthawi yabwino. Choncho achinyamata ayenera kuganiziridwa nthawi zonse. Kusunga awiriawiri amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sichanzeru kapena kotheka kwa mtundu uwu wa nsomba, kuzisunga zokha ndizovuta ndipo kuyesa kuyanjana nthawi zambiri kumalephera kupanga njira ina.
Zonsezi ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha aquarium yoyenera. Ndi bwino kupereka pang'ono danga kuposa kuika pachiswe kuwawa nkhondo ndi ana mu dziwe.

Kupanda kutero, nsomba za discus zimawonedwa ngati zamtendere, osambira odekha komanso olunjika. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, amafunikira kuya kwa 50 cm, makamaka kuposa.

Koma m'madzi ena am'madzi, malo otetezedwa okha ndi omwe ali oyenera ngati malo, osati molunjika pafupi ndi chowotchera, osati padzuwa kapena pokumana ndi chimvula, ndipo ngati n'kotheka popanda kugwedezeka kwapansi. Izi zikachitika, aquarium imatha kukhazikitsidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa.

Zida ndi mapangidwe

Zoonadi, dziwe lalikulu chotero liyenera kukonzedwa bwino ndi kusamalidwa. Monga tanenera kale, zokambirana zimasonkhana m'masukulu ndi awiriawiri, kusambira molunjika m'malo mopingasa kufunafuna chakudya, nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi malo otetezedwa kumene angapeze mofulumira ndikubisala ku zoopsa zomwe angaganize.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, nyimbo zimasewera pakati pa aquarium. Chotsatira chake, zidazo zimachokera ku chinthu chapakati. Izi zitha kukhala zomanga zopangidwa ndi miyala ya aquarium yomwe imapereka mapanga angapo, khoma la aquarium lopangidwa kale, kapena zinthu zapadera zopangidwira monga sitima yapamadzi yofananira, nyumba yachifumu pansi pamadzi kapena chilichonse chomwe mungafune komanso chopanda zoipitsa.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, thanki iyenera kupereka malo opangira gawo. Kukatentha kwambiri pakati pa nthawi yomwe mahomoni akupsa mtima, payenera kukhala njira zokwanira zobwerera m'mphepete mwake. Izi zikhoza kukhala mu mawonekedwe a zomera zam'madzi, mizu kapena zachilengedwe zoyenera zachilengedwe.

Mukabzala, chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa ku mitundu yapadera ya zomera zomwe zimalekerera bwino nyengo ya pansi pa madzi otentha ndipo, ngati n'kotheka, musawole kapena kutulutsa zinthu zovulaza. Izi zikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, zomera za lupanga (Echinodorus), masamba a mikondo (Anubias), zomangira zamadzi (Vallisneria), makapu amadzi (Cryptocorynes) ndi ferns monga Mircosorum. Kubzala kowundana kumalepheretsa nsomba zambiri, choncho ndi bwino kumasuka (kubzala). Zomera zochepa zoyandama ndi mizu yopendekera zingathandizenso kufewetsa kuwala, monga momwe zimakhalira ku Amazon.

Mchenga wa mtsinje wabwino umalimbikitsidwa ngati pansi, nthawi zambiri umapezeka ngati mchenga wapadera wa aquarium. Iyenera kukhala yosalala bwino kuti nsomba zidye mmenemo, koma zolimba kuti zomera zimere mizu.

Zomera zopanga zimakhalanso zofala m'malo mwa nsomba za discus. Izi sizimadzutsa funso la mtundu wa dothi kapena kugwirizana kwake. Ngakhale nsomba sizimadya mbali za zomera zamoyo ndipo sizifunikira kuti zikhale ndi zakudya, ndi zomera zopangira zinthu zofunika kwambiri za chilengedwe zimasiyidwa. Izi zikhoza kulipidwa ndi teknoloji ya fyuluta ndipo nthawi yomweyo zomera zopanga zimapereka mthunzi ndi mwayi wobwereranso monga momwe zinalili poyamba. Komabe, pamapeto pake, ndizokonda za eni eni zomwe zimagwira ntchito - ena amakonda motere, ena mwanjira imeneyo.

Ubwino wa madzi, kutentha ndi kuyatsa

Malo achilengedwe a nsomba za discus amatha kufotokozedwa kuti ndi odana ndi moyo, kapena osakonda moyo. Pafupifupi mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafalikira m'malo a acidic. M'malo mwake, nsomba za discus sizikhudzidwa kwambiri ndi pH ya acidic kuposa kukhala ndi madzi apamwamba komanso oyera. Chitetezo chake chimakhala chocheperako, koma chofooka.

Zosefera zabwino moyenerera ziyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti madzi ali oyenerera mtundu wa madzi. Apo ayi, pa kutentha pamwamba pa 29 ° C, majeremusi amatha kufalikira mofulumira. Zosefera zapamwamba zam'madzi zam'madzi nthawi zonse zimaphatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosefera ndi ma biological process ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimakhazikika pa zosefera ndipo kuchokera pamenepo zimatembenuza poizoni, kuwola nitrite ndi ammonia ndikuyamwa ndikuphwanya zotsalira za nsomba.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, madziwo ayenera kukhala ofewa kwambiri, ayenera kukhala opanda kuuma koyezera. PH yabwino ndi 4 mpaka 5. Ngati madzi atsopano awonjezeredwa ku dziwe monga gawo la kusintha kwa madzi pang'onopang'ono, izi zikhoza kukhala zozizira kwambiri za 2 madigiri, osatentha. Nthawi yomweyo, zikhalidwe zimatha kuwonjezeredwa powonjezera peat, alder cones, masamba a beech kapena kukonzekera kwamadzimadzi kwapadera.

Kuti zomera ndi nsomba zikhale bwino m'njira yoyenera kwa mitundu yawo, nthawi yowunikira ya maola 12 masana ndi yoyenera. Komabe, nsomba za discus zimakhudzidwa ndi kuwala. Kuphatikiza pa zomera zoyandama zomwe zatchulidwa kale kuti zinyowe, nthawi zina komanso mizu, machubu a fulorosenti osasinthika amalimbikitsidwa. Ngati mukufunabe kutulutsa mitundu yayikulu ya nsomba kuti ipindule kwambiri, mungagwiritsenso ntchito magetsi okhala ndi chigawo chofiira.

Kuphatikiza apo, zowerengera nthawi, zotenthetsera ndodo, zosefera zakunja ndi zapansi, machubu a masana ndi zowonjezera zimapezeka m'madzi a discus, omwe amapangidwa mogwirizana ndi zosowa za nsomba zam'madzi otentha komanso kuchuluka kwa akasinja akulu.

Dyetsani nsomba za discus moyenera

Poyerekeza ndi nsomba zina zokongola, discus ili ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka m'mimba. Choncho, iyenera kudyetsedwa kangapo patsiku, ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono kukhala okwanira. Zakudya zozizira, chakudya chamoyo, ma flakes a vitamini ndi / kapena granules "amatumizidwa" 2 mpaka 3 pa tsiku ndi zosiyanasiyana. Nsomba zomwe zikadali zazing'ono zimafunika kudya kasanu patsiku, zomwe zimasintha pang'onopang'ono mpaka 5 kapena 3.

Zikafika pa chakudya chokha, kupangidwa kwapamwamba ndikofunikira. Chilichonse chimene sichigayidwa chimathera m’madzi ndipo chimachititsa kuti majeremusi amaswana, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi oipa kwa discus. Aquarists ena amalumbira ndi chakudya cha discus chomwe chili ndi malonda podyetsa discus. Pano, makampaniwa adatengera mitundu ya nsomba ndikupanga mawonekedwe apadera, kufunikira kwa nsomba zokongola ndikwambiri. Koma osamalira ena, amadalira makamaka chakudya chamoyo. Pankhaniyi, komabe, chakudyacho chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi zinthu zowonongeka, zomwe zimapanga gawo losawerengeka la zakudya zachilengedwe. Izi zikhoza kukhala masamba akufa, monga beech, oak, alder, birch, mitengo ya amondi ya m'nyanja ndi zomera zofanana. The yachiwiri zomera zinthu amathandizanso kupewa matenda.

Tsiku limodzi kapena awiri osadya siziwononganso nsomba yathanzi ya discus. M'malo mwake: masiku osala kudya nthawi zina amayeretsa m'mimba ndikuteteza madzi. Miyezo yotereyi iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pazochitika zokwanira komanso mtendere wamumtima kuti nsomba zonse zomwe zili mu thanki ndizokwanira.

Mnzake nsomba za discus

Ngati muyang'ana momwe zimasungidwira nsomba za discus, kusankha nsomba zamzake kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi malo ofewa, a asidi okha, si onse. Komanso, companion fish sizolowa m'malo mwa conspecifics kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika pofuna kuyanjana. Matanki amtundu wachilengedwe ndiofala kwambiri komanso abwino ku nsomba za discus.

Ngati mukufunabe kugwiritsa ntchito nyama zina, muyenera kumvetsera mwamtendere komanso, koposa zonse, pewani mitundu yomwe imapanga gawo. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kuyamwa nsomba zam'madzi ndi nsomba zam'madzi
• ma tetra ang'onoang'ono: ma tetra a neon, hatchet, ma tetra a mandimu, pakati pa ena
• ma cichlids ang'onoang'ono ndi butterfly cichlids
• mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma barbel, nkhono, ndi shrimp, mwachitsanzo odya algae, nkhono zofiira, shrimps

Ena mwa anthu okhala nawo m'chipindamo amathandizira kwambiri kusefa kotero kuti kukhathamiritsa kwa madzi abwino. Ndipo ngakhale nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zili pamasamba a nsomba za discus, ma prawns amfumu amapulumuka. Choncho, mitundu yotchulidwayi imaonedwa kuti ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi discus, ngakhale kuti sichiri chofunikira.

Aliyense amene amakondana ndi mtundu wa nsomba za discus amangoyang'ana kukongola koyenda pang'onopang'ono kwamitundu, mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi, ndi machitidwe ogwirizana a nyama.