Kutsokomola kwa Agalu ndi Amphaka: Kumbuyo Ndi Chiyani?

Chifuwa cha reflex chikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zakunja kapena zotsekemera mumayendedwe a mpweya, kutupa, kapena kupanikizika kwa mpweya; Komabe, kutsokomola kungakhalenso kodzifunira. Kutsokomola ndi njira yodzitchinjiriza mwachilengedwe komanso njira yoyeretsera m'mapapo.

Popeza chithandizo cha chifuwachi chiyenera kukhala cholunjika pa matenda omwe amayambitsa matendawa, njira yodziwira matenda nthawi zambiri imakhala yothandiza, makamaka ngati pali vuto lalikulu.

The zoyambitsa ambiri of chifuwa ndi matenda wa thirakiti kupuma, apa kusiyana kungapangidwe pakati chapamwamba ndi m'munsi kupuma thirakiti. Komanso, matenda a mtima akhoza limodzi ndi chifuwa ndi matenda a pleural patsekeke, makamaka agalu. Pofufuza chifukwa chake, zinthu monga zaka ndi mtundu wa wodwalayo, mbiri yakale, ndi kufufuza kwachipatala zingapereke thandizo lofunikira musanayambe kufufuza kwina. Kuyeza kwa X-ray, endoscopy, CT, histological, cytological, ndi microbiological kuyezetsa kungathandizenso pakuzindikira.

Zinyama zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi matenda opuma (mphaka ozizira, canine infectious tracheobronchitis, Bordetella matenda, distemper), pamene matenda a mtima ndi chotupa amapezeka kwambiri mwa odwala okalamba.

Mitundu ina imakhala ndi matenda ena, monga matenda a mtima m'mitundu monga Persian, Boxer, Doberman Pinscher, ndi ena ambiri, kapena kugwa kwa tracheal m'magulu ang'onoang'ono monga Yorkshire Terriers, Pomeranians, ndi Chihuahuas.

Apa ndikofunikira kwambiri pambuyo pake lipoti lapitalo la katemera (mphaka ozizira, distemper, tracheobronchitis pathogens), lipoti lapitalo kunja (zotupa zam'mimba), amphaka amphaka (mphutsi zam'mapapo, zovulala), komanso zizindikiro (mtundu, nthawi, machiritso am'mbuyomu komanso momwe angayankhire njira zochiritsira zam'mbuyomu, kutulutsa m'mphuno, kuyetsemula, kusagwira bwino ntchito, Kupuma pang'ono, zomwe zimadziwika kuti zinalipo kale / matenda opatsirana ndi matenda am'mbuyomu). Zomwe zilipo (laboratory, X-ray, ultrasound ya mtima) ziyenera kubweretsedwa ndi mwiniwake ku msonkhano ngati n'kotheka.

Kufufuza kwachipatala

Kuyeza kwachipatala kuyenera kuphatikizapo, kuphatikizapo kufufuza kwa wodwalayo, a kufufuza kwapadera kwapadera wa thirakiti kupuma. Kuwonjezera pa kuyesa mtundu wa kupuma ndi zizindikiro zomwe zingatheke za kupuma movutikira, ndikofunikanso kumvetsera kumaliseche kulikonse. Pamene akuwongolera wodwalayo, mpweya wamtunda (malo a larynx / pharynx) komanso mapapo ndi mtima ziyenera kumvetsedwa kuti ziwone ngati zingatheke (phokoso la mluzu), phokoso lowonjezereka la kupuma kudzera mu bronchi ndi mapapo kapena phokoso la mtima / arrhythmias ( zizindikiro zotheka za vuto la mtima ) alipo. Nthawi zambiri, kuthamanga pang'ono m'dera la larynx kapena trachea kungayambitse chifuwa.

Agalu komanso, kawirikawiri, amphaka omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana, makamaka mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya opuma kupuma, amatha kusonyeza kutentha kwa thupi, koma kutentha kwabwino kapena hypothermia sikuchotsa matenda.

Odwala kupweteka pachifuwa nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kupuma movutikira ngati chizindikiro chachikulu. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa effusion, kumveka kwamtima kosamveka komanso kupuma kumatha kutsimikiziridwa pa auscultation.

Pamwamba pa kupuma thirakiti, kutsokomola kumatha chifukwa cha kutupa, matenda, zotupa, kapena kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a nasopharynx, larynx, x, ndi kumtunda kwa trachea. Odwalawa nthawi zambiri amasonyeza kupuma momveka bwino kwapamwamba chifukwa cha kutsekeka. Kutsokomola nthawi zambiri kumayamba chifukwa cha kupanikizika pang'ono pa kholingo kapena trachea.

Zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi thupi lachilendo kapena matenda oopsa (chimfine cha mphaka, canine infectious tracheobronchitis = chifuwa cha kennel). Pankhani ya mavuto aakulu, makamaka agalu ang'onoang'ono (Yorkshire Terrier, Spitz, Chihuahua), kugwa kwa tracheal kuyenera kuganiziridwa. Matenda a rhinitis amathanso kuyambitsa chifuwa chifukwa cha zotsekemera zomwe zimabwerera chammbuyo. The diagnostic kumveketsa chifuwa m'dera chapamwamba kupuma thirakiti monga X-ray kuyezetsa pakhosi ndi m'phuno kupeza umboni waing'ono, zofewa wandiweyani zophuka, kapena kugwa kwa mpweya ngalande. Kufotokozeranso, makamaka chifuwa chachikulu, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito endoscopy ya nasopharynx, larynx a, trachea, ndi zitsanzo za Biopsy kapena cytological smears ya kusintha. Kugwira ntchito kwa kholingo kumawunikidwa musanalowe muubongo kuwonetsa ntchito yocheperako (kupuwala kwa kholingo). Tracheoscopy ndi matenda omwe angasankhe kuti azindikire ndikuwunika (madigiri ndi kuchuluka kwake) kugwa kwa tracheal (onani Chithunzi 1 pazithunzi).

Matenda a bronchi, alveoli, ndi m'mapapo ndizomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa. Nthawi zambiri, zimatha kuwonedwa kuti matenda am'mitsempha yayikulu (mwachitsanzo, kukomoka kwa tracheal, bronchitis, bronchial kugwa) kumayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu, chowuma, pomwe matenda a alveoli ndi mapapo parenchyma (mwachitsanzo chibayo, edema ya m'mapapo) ndizovuta kwambiri. kutsagana ndi chifuwa chofewa, chonyowa. Phokoso la stridor m'dera la machubu a bronchial nthawi zambiri limapezeka mwa amphaka omwe ali ndi matenda a bronchial (asthma, bronchitis).

Nthawi zina pamakhala matupi achilendo m'munsi mwa kupuma kapena matenda osachiritsika (makamaka mabakiteriya: mwachitsanzo, matenda a Bordetella). Zotupa zam'mapapo sizichitika kawirikawiri.

Ngakhale odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la tracheal nthawi zambiri amakhala amtundu wa agalu a zidole, kugwa kwa tsamba limodzi kapena angapo pamtengo wa bronchial kumakhalanso kofala m'magulu akuluakulu agalu. Pafupifupi 80% ya agalu omwe ali ndi vuto la tracheal amakhalanso ndi vuto la bronchial, lomwe lingapangitse zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu. Kugwa kwa trachea kapena zigawo za bronchial zitha kudziwika bwino ndi endoscopically.

Matenda aakulu zimachitika makamaka agalu azaka zapakati ndi akulu. Matendawa amakhala ndi kutupa kwa bronchi, komwe kumayambitsanso kupanga ntchofu. Agalu amatsokomola ndipo nthawi zambiri sachita bwino. Chifukwa chake sichinadziwikebe.

Zoyambitsa matenda chifuwa cha agalu ndi amphaka chikhoza kukhala mavairasi (amphaka: herpes ndi caliciviruses; agalu: chifuwa chachikulu cha chifuwa, distemper), mabakiteriya ( bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus zooepidemicus kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (agalu: Angiostrongylus vasorum, Filaroides osleri, Crenosome vulpis, mphaka: Aelurostrongylus abstrusus ) komanso kawirikawiri matenda opatsirana ndi bowa kapena protozoa ( toxoplasma gondi, Neospora caninum) kukhala. Ngakhale kuti matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a m'mapapo nthawi zambiri amayambitsa zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu, matenda a bakiteriya ndi parasitic amathanso kugwirizanitsidwa ndi chifuwa chosatha.

Nthawi zina, a labotale imathanso kupereka chidziwitso cha mtundu wa matenda omwe amayambitsa matendawa. Odwala omwe ali ndi bakiteriya bronchopneumonia, neutrophilic granulocytes ndi rod-nuclear neutrophils (kumanzere kumanzere) akhoza kuwonjezeka. Agalu omwe ali ndi bronchopneumonia amatha kukhala ndi mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri a C-reactive (CPR). Amphaka ndi mphumu ya mphumu, pangakhale kuwonjezeka kwa eosinophilic granulocytes m'magazi, komanso odwala omwe ali ndi mapapu.

Kwa agalu ndi amphaka oyendayenda, matenda a m'mapapo ayenera kupewedwa ngati pali zizindikiro za kupuma komanso kutsokomola. Izi zitha kuchitika pozindikira mphutsi za m'mapapo zomwe zatuluka pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Baermann yosamukira ku ndowe kapena pozindikira mphutsi mumadzi a BAL (onani Chithunzi 2 pazithunzi). Ngati n'kotheka, zitsanzo zitatu zosiyana ziyenera kufufuzidwa. Kuzindikira galu lungworm Angiostrongylus vasorum tsopano kungathenso kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (PCR) kuchokera ku BAL madzi kapena magazi. Palinso mayeso ofulumira ozindikira kuchokera ku seramu.

X-ray ya mtima / mapapo ndi, ngati kuli kofunikira, trachea kuthandizira kugawa ndikugawa bwino vuto la kupuma. Ngati mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ukuloleza, ziyenera kupangidwa mu ndege zitatu, kapena osachepera ndege ziwiri (anterolateral ndi ventrodorsal kapena dorsoventral). Mwanjira imeneyi, zidziwitso za matenda omwe angachitike zitha kupezeka kale (mwachitsanzo, matenda omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi bronchial m'mapapo, chibayo choganiziridwa kuti chokhala ndi zizindikiro za m'mapapo am'mapapo; onani chithunzi 3 pazithunzi). Pakhoza kukhalanso zizindikiro za matenda a mtima (kukulitsa mthunzi wa mtima, mitsempha ya m'mapapo yodzaza) kapena chifuwa cha thoracic. Ngati pali kukayikira kwa vuto mumayendedwe a mpweya (kugwa kwa mpweya, bronchitis, matupi akunja, bronchopneumonia), kuyesa kwa endoscopic chapamwamba ndi m'munsi kupuma thirakiti ikuchitika pansi pa opaleshoni. Inde, kufufuzaku kuyenera kuchitika kokha kwa odwala okhazikika, omwe ayenera kuyang'aniridwa panthawi ya anesthesia ndi kugunda kwa oximetry komanso, ngati n'kotheka, komanso ECG ndi capnography. Bronchoscopy yokhala ndi endoscope yosinthika (zitsanzo zapadera zopezeka kwa agalu akuluakulu kapena amphaka ndi agalu ang'onoang'ono) imathandiziranso kusonkhanitsa komwe kumapangidwa ndi bronchoalveolar secretion bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL). BAL imathanso kuchitidwa "mwakhungu" ndi kafukufuku wosabala kudzera mu chubu wosabala (onani Chithunzi 4 pazithunzi). Mamililita angapo a saline solution amabayidwa munjira yapansi yopuma kudzera pa probe ndikuyamwanso. Madzi a BAL ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mwachidziwitso komanso mwachikhalidwe kuti amveketse bwino matenda opatsirana komanso otupa.

Zotupa zoyambirira za m'mapapo mwa agalu ndi amphaka ndizomwe zimayambitsa kutsokomola, zotupa zambiri ndi metastases zochokera kumadera ena. Zotupa za m'mapapo zofala kwambiri mwa agalu ndi amphaka ndi carcinomas (onani chithunzi 5 pazithunzi). Ngati pali umboni wa radiographic wa chotupa cha m'mapapo, computed tomography ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa molondola misa ndikuyang'ana metastases ndi kukhudzidwa kwa ma lymph node. Radiologically, chotupa metastases amatha kudziwika kuchokera kukula kwa 3-5 mm.

Funso lodziwika mwa agalu ndikusiyanitsa pakati pa mtima ndi chifuwa chopuma. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kupeza chifukwa chake, popeza odwala ambiri okalamba amakhala ndi kung'ung'udza kwa mtima ndi matenda opuma nthawi imodzi. Zomwe zimayambitsa mtima zomwe zimayambitsa kutsokomola kwa agalu ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa kulephera kwa mtima komanso kukomoka kwa pulmonary edema kapena kupanikizika kumanzere kwa bronchus yayikulu chifukwa chakukulitsa mtima wakumanzere. Ngati pulmonary edema ilipo kale, kupuma movutikira nthawi zambiri kumakhala chizindikiro chachikulu cha odwala.

Kuti athe kudziwa bwino wodwala yemwe akuganiziridwa kuti ndi matenda amtima, komabe, kuyezetsa kwina monga X-ray, mtima ultrasoundndipo ECG ndiyofunikira. Kuyeza kwa ECG kumathandizira kugawa bwino ma arrhythmias. Zithunzi za X-ray zimalola kuunika kozama kwa mtima (malinga ndi dongosolo la VHS = Vertebral Heart Score), mitsempha ya m'mapapo, ndi zotheka mapapu. Ma ultrasound a mtima amalola kuti adziwe bwino kukula kwa chipinda ndikuwunika momwe ma valve amagwirira ntchito ndipo motero amatha kudziwa zenizeni za matenda amtima komanso kuchuluka kwa mtima. Kuonjezera apo, zizindikiro zamoyo monga nt-proBNP zingathandize kusiyanitsa pakati pa mtima ndi kupuma chifukwa cha chifuwa ndi dyspnea (kupuma pang'ono).

Njira zazikulu zokhala ndi danga kapena kutuluka m'chifuwa kungayambitsenso chifuwa. Izi zitha kukhala zotupa, granulomas, abscesses, ma lymph nodes, kapena diaphragmatic hernias. Zachipatala, odwala effusion nthawi zambiri amasonyeza kupuma movutikira osati kutsokomola. Radiologically, kufotokozera mwachidule za kukula ndi kagawidwe ka zosinthazo zitha kupezeka (kuphatikizana kapena kuwirikiza kawiri, malo, kukula kwa unyinji, etc.); Computed tomography imathandizira kuwunika kolondola kwambiri kwa kusinthaku poyerekeza ndi ma X-ray. Komanso, ultrasound ikhoza kukhala yothandiza pakuwunikira. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa circumference kungathe kuwonetsedwa nthawi zambiri ndipo-ngati ali pafupi ndi khoma la chifuwa-akhoza kubayidwa kuti ayesedwe ndi cytological. Kudzikundikira kwakung'ono kwa effusion kumathanso kuwonetsedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound. Pambuyo puncture wa effusion, amene ayenera kuchitidwa pansi pa ultrasound ulamuliro, ndi cytological, mankhwala ndi, ngati n`koyenera, bacteriological kufufuza madzi chimathandiza kusiyanitsa.

Mavuto ena ochepera omwe amatsogolera kutsokomola ndi matenda am'mapapo am'mapapo monga pulmonary fibrosis (makamaka ku West Highland White Terriers). Kuphulika kwa pulmonary lobe, pulmonary hemorrhage, ndi thromboembolism kungagwirizanenso ndi kutsokomola ndi/kapena kupuma movutikira.

Chithandizo cha wodwala chifuwa chimadalira chomwe chimayambitsa.

Matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (chifuwa cha kennel) amadziletsa okha mwa agalu ndipo nthawi zambiri safuna chithandizo ngati palibe malungo komanso thanzi labwino. Ngati nyama zikuonetsa zizindikiro za matenda bakiteriya (kutentha thupi, leukocytosis, kuchepa wamba, zizindikiro za chibayo mu X-ray), mankhwala ayenera kukhala ndi mankhwala oyenera kuwonjezera pa zonse zothandizira monga expectorants ndi inhalation. Pazovuta kwambiri, makamaka, kuperekedwa kwa maantibayotiki kuyenera kutengera zotsatira za mayeso a chikhalidwe ndi kukana kuchokera ku BAL.

Mphutsi za m'mapapu ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amavomerezedwa kwa mitunduyo. Pambuyo pomaliza chithandizocho, kusonkhanitsanso kwamasiku atatu kwa chopondapo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosamukira kumalimbikitsidwa ngati umboni wakuchita bwino kwa mankhwalawa komanso kupewa kufalikira kwanthawi zonse kuti mupewe matenda ena.

Pankhani ya matenda a kupuma thirakiti, chifuwa cha reflex chiyenera kuthandizidwa ngati njira yofunika yodziyeretsa. Mankhwala opondereza chifuwa sayenera kuperekedwa, komanso mankhwala a cortisone sayenera kukhala ndi immunosuppressive effect.

Chithandizo cha agalu omwe ali ndi njira zodutsa mpweya nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zigawo zingapo. Nthawi zambiri, chilakolako champhamvu cha chifuwa chimatha kuponderezedwa kapena kuchepetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a codeine. Kuonjezera apo, mankhwala a bronchodilator monga theophylline, propentophylline, terbutaline, kapena salbutamol inhalation) akhoza kubweretsa kusintha. Zinyama zomwe zimakhala ndi vuto lalikulu la tracheal, stent (chothandizira zitsulo) chikhoza kuikidwa mu trachea.

Chithandizo chosankha matenda a bronchitis (agalu ndi amphaka) ndi mphumu yamphongo ndi makonzedwe a cortisone kukonzekera. Pambuyo pa chithandizo choyambirira, mankhwala a systemic cortisone ayenera kuchepetsedwa momwe angathere, ndipo ngati nkotheka, kusinthana ndi kutsitsi kwa cortisone (mwachitsanzo, fluticasone, budesonide) pakapita nthawi. Zipinda zapadera zopumira zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pothirira. Kuonjezera apo, nyama zina zingafunike mankhwala a bronchodilator kuti achepetse zizindikiro.

Ma neoplasms a larynx ndi trachea ndi osowa mwa agalu ndi amphaka, pamene zotupa zazikulu za m'mapapo zimakhala zachilendo. Kuchotsa opaleshoni ya lobe ya m'mapapo kumangomveka ngati palibe ma lobes kapena ma lymph nodes omwe amakhudzidwa ndipo palibe thoracic effusion, kotero CT scan iyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse musanayambe opaleshoni. Chemotherapy ingathandizenso ndi ma lymphomas a trachea kapena mapapo, makamaka amphaka.

Apa, mankhwala enieni amadalira matenda amtima. Ma diuretics (mapiritsi amadzi monga furosemide, ndi torasemide) ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lamankhwala kwa odwala onse omwe akuwonetsa zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwamphamvu kapena edema ya m'mapapo. Mankhwala owonjezera amtima (ACE inhibitors, pimobendan, antiarrhythmics) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera mtundu wa matenda omwe amayambitsa. Odwala ena omwe ali ndi chifuwa chomwe chimapitirirabe panthawi ya chithandizo ndi kukayikira kupanikizika kwa bronchi chifukwa cha kukula kwa mtima, chithandizo cha codeine chokonzekera chingasonyezedwenso kuti chichepetse chilakolako cha chifuwa.

Odwala omwe ali ndi chifuwa cham'mimba, izi ziyenera kutsanuliridwa kuti zipeze matenda komanso achire. Njira zina zochizira ndiye zimadalira chomwe chimayambitsa effusion.

Pofufuza zachipatala, agalu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kugunda kwa mtima, pamene agalu omwe ali ndi chifuwa cha kupuma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kugunda kwamtima kapena pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa mitsempha ya vagus. Komanso, agalu ndi matenda kupuma nthawi zambiri amasonyeza kutchulidwa sinus arrhythmia (kupuma zokhudzana arrhythmia).

Amphaka, chifuwa chosatha nthawi zambiri chimasonyeza matenda a bronchial, nthawi zambiri, pamakhala matenda otupa monga mphumu yamphongo ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Izi ndi zotupa zosabala popanda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda; Kuwonjezeka kwa eosinophilic kapena neutrophilic granulocytes kumatha kuzindikirika m'munsi mwa airways. Matenda a bakiteriya kapena parasitic bronchitis amatha kusiyanitsa poyang'ana zitsanzo zotsuka (bronchoalveolar lavage) kuchokera kumunsi kwa mpweya.

Zinyama zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi vuto la kupuma kwanthawi yayitali, kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zimayenderana kumathandiza kwambiri. Kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuchiza matenda ena owonjezera (matenda amtima, Cushing's disease, matenda a chithokomiro) ndikusintha kukhala kolala m'malo mwa kolala ya agalu kumawonetsa nthawi zambiri chikoka chachikulu pakusintha kwazizindikiro za kupuma.

Funso Lofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi chifuwa cha mtima mwa agalu chimamveka bwanji?

Kodi amatsokomola makamaka madzulo pamene akupumula? - Chizindikiro chodziwika kwambiri koma chomwe nthawi zambiri chimanyalanyazidwa ndi chifuwa cha mtima. Galuyo akuwonetsa kutsokomola kobwerezabwereza, kokweza kwambiri komwe kumatsagana ndi kutsekereza ngati akufuna kulavula china chake.

Kodi galu akatsokomola ndi kutsamwitsidwa amatanthauza chiyani?

Ngati galu nthawi zambiri amatsokomola ndi kubwebweta, ayenera kuyesedwa ndi veterinarian. Pakamwa, mpweya, ndi mmero ziyenera kufufuzidwa kuti zizindikire matupi akunja, kutupa, kapena matenda. Veterinarian amasankha dongosolo la ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa ndikuyambitsanso zowunikira zina.

Kodi ndimazindikira bwanji chifuwa cha mtima mwa agalu?

Pakuwunika kwachipatala, kung'ung'udza kwa mtima nthawi zambiri kumamveka ndipo kugunda kwa mtima kumawonekera. Cardiac arrhythmias imathanso kuchitika. Zizindikiro zina monga kupuma movutikira, kutopa kwambiri, kupuma movutikira, kusachita bwino, kusafuna kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena kusakhazikika pafupipafupi.

Kodi chifuwa cha mtima chimapha agalu?

Komabe, matenda ambiri amtima satanthauza chilango cha imfa kwa agalu okhudzidwawo, kungosiyana pang'ono ndi moyo ndi mankhwala okhazikika. Kusafuna kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupuma movutikira ngakhale mutachita zolimbitsa thupi pang'ono, kapena kutsokomola popanda chifukwa kungakhale zizindikiro za matenda a mtima mwa agalu.

Kodi mphaka akatsokomola zimamveka bwanji?

Chifuwacho chimakhala ndi zosakaniza zamadzimadzi ena (monga mafinya, mafinya, magazi, ndi zina zotero) ndipo zimayambitsa kupweteka kwambiri kapena kosatha. Kupuma movutikira, kuyetsemula, kutsamwitsa, kuvutika kumeza, kutulutsa m'mphuno, kapena phokoso la kupuma (monga kunjenjemera, kuyimba mluzu, ndi zina zotero) nthawi zambiri zimachitika limodzi ndi kutsokomola.

Kodi mumadziwa bwanji mphutsi zam'mimba mwa amphaka?

Zizindikiro za mphutsi za m'mapapo sizingakhale zenizeni: kutsokomola, kuyetsemula, diso, kutulutsa m'mphuno, komanso kupuma movutikira kumakhala kolakwika chifukwa cha zizindikiro za matenda ena opuma monga mphaka kapena mphumu.

Kodi kutsokomola ndi kowopsa kwa amphaka?

Pamene mphaka akutsokomola, pangakhale zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, chifuwa cha bwenzi la miyendo inayi chimakhala chopanda vuto ndipo chimatha msanga. Komabe, ndizothekanso kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda oopsa.

Kodi chifuwa cha mphaka ndi chakupha?

Kwa mwini mphaka, zingakhale zodetsa nkhawa kwambiri. Kupatula apo, pangakhale zifukwa zambiri za izi ndipo si zonse zomwe zilibe vuto. Ngati chifuwa chikuchitika osati kamodzi kokha, koma mobwerezabwereza, muyenera kukaonana ndi veterinarian nthawi zonse.