Mary Allen
Nkhuku ndi mbalame zomwe zimaikira mazira ambiri. Timadziwa nkhuku ku famu kapena ku sitolo. Kumeneko timagula nkhuku kuti tidye. Ku Germany, timakonda kulankhula za nkhuku, ku Austria nkhuku. Ku Switzerland, tikufuna dzina lachi French Poulet. Timapezanso mabokosi okhala ndi mazira a nkhuku pamashelefu.
Timalankhula za nkhuku m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Mu biology, pali dongosolo Galliformes. Izi zikuphatikizapo mitundu iyi: nkhwali, zinziri, Turkey, capercaillie, pheasant, pikoko, ndi mbalame zapakhomo. Tikakamba za nkhuku, nthawi zonse timatanthauza nkhuku zapakhomo.
Muulimi, mbalame zoweta zimawerengedwa pakati pa nkhuku. Yamphongo imatchedwa tambala kapena tambala. Yaikazi ndi nkhuku. Ikakhala ndi ana, imatchedwa thadzi. Anawo amatchedwa anapiye.
Bantam amalemera pafupifupi theka la kilogalamu, nkhuku zina zimafikira ma kilogalamu asanu. Atambala nthawi zonse amakhala olemera pang'ono kuposa nkhuku. Nkhuku zimavala nthenga monga mitundu yonse ya mbalame. Komabe, zimangowuluka bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala pansi.
Kodi nkhuku yoweta imachokera kuti?
Nkhuku zoweta ndi ziweto zofala kwambiri kwa anthu. Padziko lapansi pali pafupifupi nkhuku zitatu pa munthu aliyense. Nkhuku zathu zimawetedwa kuchokera ku nkhuku za Bankiva.
Nkhuku ya Bankiva ndi nkhuku zakutchire zomwe zimapezeka ku Southeast Asia. Kuweta kumatanthauza kuti anthu akhala akufunikira nkhuku zabwino kwambiri kuti apange ana. Izi ndi nkhuku zomwe zimaikira mazira ambiri kapena zazikulu kwambiri. Kapenanso nkhuku, zomwe zimanenepa kwambiri. Koma mutha kuberekanso nkhuku zathanzi. Umu ndi mmene mitundu yosiyanasiyana inayambira.
Kodi nkhuku zoweta zimakhala bwanji?
Nkhuku zikakhala mwaulele pafamu, zimadya udzu, mbewu, nyongolotsi, nkhono, tizilombo, ngakhalenso mbewa. Nkhuku nazonso zimameza miyala. Minofu yozungulira m’mimba ikamanjenjemera, miyalayo imagaya chakudyacho.
Amakhala momasuka m’magulu. Gulu lotere nthawi zonse limakhala ndi tambala mmodzi ndi nkhuku zambiri. Pali utsogoleri wokhwima pakati pa nkhuku. Kumeneku kumatchedwa kujowina chifukwa nthawi zina nyama zimajomphana ndi milomo yawo. Nkhuku yapamwamba kwambiri imagona pamwamba pa khola ndikusankha chakudya chabwino kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake muyenera kufalitsa chakudya cha nkhuku kwambiri kuti pakhale nkhondo zochepa.
Komabe, gulu limodzi la nkhuku pafamupo likuchulukirachulukira. Nkhuku zambiri zimachokera ku mafamu akuluakulu. Nkhuku zopanda ziweto zimakhala bwino kwambiri. Kotero mumakhala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku. Pakatikati pali nkhuku zomwe zili m'khola. Amakhala pansi pa holo. Kukwera m'khola ndi kosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Nkhuku zimangokhala pazitsulo kapena pansi pa khola.
Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuku zoweta ndi yotani?
Nkhuku zoswana zimasungidwa kwa ana awo. Nkhuku ndi tambala zimasankhidwa mosamala ndikuphatikizidwa. Nkhuku yapakhomo ndi nkhuku yoweta, koma pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana. Izi zimatengera ngati nyama kapena mazira ayenera kupangidwa. Nkhuku zoweta sizikhala zosiyana ndi nkhuku zoikira kapena broilers. Chifukwa cha kuswana kwa mbali imodzi, palinso nyama zambiri zodwala ndi zofooka zomwe sizikugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Nkhuku zoikira anawetedwa kuti ziyikire mazira ambiri momwe zingathere. Mu 1950, nkhuku yabwino yoikira inkatha kuikira mazira pafupifupi 120 pachaka. Mu 2015 panali mazira pafupifupi 300. Izi zikufanana ndi mazira asanu ndi limodzi pa sabata. Amayamba kuikira mazira pakatha milungu 20 ataswana. Pambuyo pa masabata 60 amaphedwa chifukwa mazira akucheperachepera. Zimenezo sizimalipiranso mlimi wa nkhuku.
Mbalamezi zinenepa mwachangu kuti zikonzekere kukhitchini zikapha. Tambala ndi nkhuku zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podyera nkhuku. Ku Germany, amatchedwa Hähnchen, ku Austria Hendl, ndi ku Switzerland Poulet. Nkhuku zonenepa zimaphedwa pakadutsa milungu inayi kapena isanu ndi umodzi. Kenako amakhala kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka kapena ziwiri ndi theka.
Kodi nkhuku zoweta zimabereka bwanji?
Nkhuku zimadziwitsa atambala zikakonzeka kukomana. Nkhukuyo imagwada n’kukupiza nthenga zake m’mwamba. Tambala amakwera nkhuku kumbuyo. Kenako tambala amakanikizira mphuno yake pa nkhuku. Kenako umuna wake umatuluka. Maselo a umuna amapeza njira yopita ku dzira lokha. Maselo a umuna amatha kukhala komweko kwa masiku 12 ndikuphatikiza ma cell a dzira.
Majeremusi disc amapangidwa kuchokera ku dzira la umuna. Kuchokera apa, mwanapiye amakula. Zimatengera dzira yolk ndi izo monga chakudya. Amatchedwanso yolk. Izi zimakutidwa mumtundu wa khungu, ngati maswiti m'mapepala ake.
Embryonic disk imakhala pamwamba pa khungu lowonekerali. The albumen kapena albumen ili kuzungulira kunja. Chigoba cholimba chimatsatira kunja. Aliyense amene athyola dzira losaphika amatha kuona diski ya embryonic pakhungu lowonekera mozungulira yolk.
Zimatenga maola 24 okha kuchokera pamene nkhuku yaimiritsa mpaka nkhuku itaikira dzira lake. Ndiye dzira lotsatira likonzeka. Amapangidwa ndi ubwamuna kuchokera ku ma cell a umuna. Ngati nkhuku imakhala popanda tambala, kapena ngati umuna watha, mazira amakulabe. Mutha kuzidya, koma sizibala anapiye.
Nkhuku imayenera kukhalira dzira loikiralo kwa masiku 21. Izi zitha kuchitikanso mu chofungatira chokhala ndi kutentha kochita kupanga. Panthawi imeneyi, chimbale cha embryonic chimakula kukhala mwana wankhuku womalizidwa. Mfundo yaing'ono yamera pamlomo wake, hump. Ndi izi, mwanapiye amagunda chigoba cha dzira ndikupanga notch mozungulira. Kenako imakankhira mapiko ake awiriwo pakati pawo.
Nkhuku ndi precocial. Mwamsanga amaimirira ndi kumapita kukadya limodzi ndi amayi awo. Choncho safunikira kudyetsedwa ndi makolo awo monga mbalame zina zambiri. Nkhuku imateteza anapiye ake ndikuwatsogolera kumadzi ndi malo abwino odyetserako. Tambala sasamala za ana ake.